We observed 38 patients' breath frequency after different oxygen therapy according to their visit sequences and tolerance conditions.All patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary.disease (COPD) plus carbon dioxide retention from April 2008 to June 2011 were recruited at our hospital.Twentythree patients who could maintain SpO2≥92％ through inspiring O2 at ≤3.5 L/min were assigned into the first group.And another 15 subjects whose SpO2 could not reach 92％ at the same oxygen flow for 5 hours were assigned into the second group.The second group received an elevated oxygen flow until their SpO2 attained 92％ or so.But the maximal rate did not exceed 8 L/min even if SpO2 was below 92％.The state was maintained for 5 hours.Paired t-test showed PaO2 became elevated and PaCO2 decreased significantly on onset and termination of low oxygen flow in both groups.But the frequency of the second group's breaths per minute (BPM) had no significant differences.After elevating oxygen flow,the second group's BPM and PaCO2 on onset and termination were (19.4 ± 3.4) and (18.1 ± 2.6) perminute (P =0.038),(55.0 ±8.1) and (52.0 ±7.9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) (P =0.030) respectively and the results showed significant decreases.But SpO2 was elevated [(85.8 ± 4.1) and (90.7 ± 2.4) mm Hg (P =0.000)].

Objective In order to screen effective traditional Chinese medicine compounds to prevent and control porcine respiratory disease syndrome ( PRDC) , seven compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicine were tested and to analyze their antitussive and expectorant effects in mice .Methods Two hundred 6-week old ICR mice ( male∶fe-male=1∶1) were used in this study .Dextromethorphan and ammonium chloride were used as positive control drugs , and physiological saline was used as blank control .The antitussive and expectorant effects of the seven Chinese medicine com-pounds (groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) were observed by ammonia-induced cough model and tracheal phenol red secretion method in mice .Results The results showed that compounds 7 and 5 significantly prolonged the cough incubation period (P <0.05), and reduced the cough times within 5 min (P <0.05).Except for the group 4, tracheal phenol red excre-tion in the other groups was significantly lower than that of blank control group (P <0.05), and phenol red excretion in the mice of groups 7, 5 and ammonium chloride group was significantly lower than that in other treatment groups ( P <0.05).Conclusions The Chinese medicine compounds 5 and 7 show most evident expectorant effects , and worthy of fur-ther validation of them as a drug in the treatment of porcine respiratory disease syndrome .

To solve the problem of low growth rate and metabolism level in suspension cultures of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium huoshanense. The effects of germanium on PLB proliferation and accumulation of polysaccharides together with nutrient utilization were investigated and the contents of reducing sugars, soluble proteins, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and redox status of the cells of PLB were analyzed. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of germanium dioxide (4.0 mg/L) significantly enhanced the cell growth and accumulation of polysaccharides, greatly improved contents of reducing sugars and soluble proteins, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but decreased the activity of peroxidase(POD). The cell dry weight and production of polysaccharides were 32.6 g/L and 3.78 g/L, respectively. The analysis of cellular redox status showed that the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in cells and the activity of glutathione reductase were significantly increased by the addition of germanium dioxide. The suitable concentration of germanium dioxide was beneficial to the cell growth and the accumulation of polysaccharides.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Dendrobium ; cytology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Germanium ; pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Polysaccharides ; biosynthesis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Background and purpose:Nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) is an albumin-bound form of paclitaxel that utilizes the natural properties of albumin to improve paclitaxel delivery to the tumor. It has recently been approved for treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease or relapse within short time after adjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efifcacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with aggressive and refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC).Methods:A total of 58 patients with MBC were enrolled into this study from Jul. 2009 to Jan. 2014. All patients received albumin-bound paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. The adverse reactions were evaluated every cycle, and the short-term response was evaluated every two cycles. The patients were followed-up, and the survival was analyzed.Results:58 patients with refractory MBC were evaluable for response, 67.2% of patients received multiple line (≥3 lines) chemotherapy, 32.8% of patients with first and second line of chemotherapy were involved metastasis within one year after adjuvant chemotherapy, 84.5% of patients with visceral metastasis and 93.1% with prior taxane treatment. The objective response rate (ORR) was 13.8%, and disease control rate (DCR) was 60.3%, the median progression free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months, and the overall survival (OS) was 10.1 months. For 23 patients with triple negative breast cancer, ORR was 13.0% and DCR was 56.5%, the median PFS was 4.1 months, and OS was 6.6 months. The main toxicity was myelosuppression (grades 3 and 4 neutropenia, anemia and thombocytopenia were seen in 34.5%, 12.1% and 6.9% of patients, respectively), gastrointestinal reactions, sensory neuropathy, myodynia/arthragia, fatigue, alopecia and so on.Conclusion:The albumin-bound paclitaxel-based chemotherapy can be used in aggressive and refractory MBC. It also showed antitumor activity in taxanes-resistance patients and triple negative patients with good safety and tolerance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) urban inpatients of Tianjin in 2007. MethodsInpatients with TSCI of 8 hospitals in Tianjin in 2007 were reviewed. ResultsThere were 73 patients in total. Mean age was (51.34±14.597) years. Male∶Female was 3.56∶1. Falling, motor vehicle accidents （MVC） were the main causes of TSCI. The cervical spinal cord injuries were predominant. 26% were complete injury and 74% were incomplete. 6 cases were dead. Patients with ASIA grade D recover well. ConclusionFor the TSCI, the ages of patients increases and falling is the main cause.

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of early bed-out intervention based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:Totally 80 patients with hip fracture admitted in Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected and divided into observation group ( n=40) and control group ( n=40) according to the random number table. Patients in the control group received conventional nursing care, while patients in the observation group received early ERAS-based bed-out interventions. The incidence of adverse events, including pulmonary infection, abdominal pain and constipation, was compared between the two groups within 2 weeks. Postoperative hip joint function, daily living activities and quality of life were evaluated in the two groups. Results:The incidence of pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection, bloating, constipation and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in lower limbs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference of total complication rate was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The hip joint function, daily life activity and quality of life scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05) . Conclusions:Early ERAS-based bet-out interventions taken for elderly patients with hip fracture can reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse events, and improve their hip joint function, daily activities and quality of life.

0.05).The concentration of IL-6 in sputum of multi-virus infection group(122.51?39.86)ng/L was higher than in single virus infection group(65.30?34.92)ng/L.The concentration of IL-6 in sputum of bacteria-virus mixed infection group(120.31?46.62)ng/L was higher than in bacteria or virus single infection group(83.61?47.83)ng/L.Conclusion Streptococcus pneumonia and influenza virus A infection are important factors in AECOPD at early stage.Virus infection would prolong recovery time,increase inflammation of the airway and even induce bacteria infection.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the virus infection in COPD patients,especially A-type influenza virus.

Objective To investigate the expression of calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The cancer tissues and the paraffin-embeded specimens of the corresponding adjacent normal tissues from 12 patients with breast cancer between May 2015 and July 2015 in Shanghai General Hospital were collected. The expression of Capn4 was detected by using immunohistochemistry. The paraffin-embeded specimens of cancer tissues from 70 breast cancer patients in Shanghai General Hospital between January 2009 and September 2011 were also collected. And the expression of Capn4 was detected. The correlation between Capn4 expression level and TNM stage, pathological grade, molecular markers as well as the prognosis of breast cancer was also analyzed. Results The expression of Capn4 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The expression level of Capn4 was correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.002), T stage (P = 0.004), N stage (P = 0.004), M stage (P = 0.025), estrogen receptor (ER) status (χ 2 = 4.787, P = 0.029) and survival status (χ 2 = 5.826, P = 0.016). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the median survival time in the higher expression of Capn4 group 90 months was shorter than that in the lower expression of Capn4 group (not reaching the median survival time), and there were statistical differences (χ 2 = 4.351, P = 0.037). Conclusions The expression of Capn4 in breast cancer tissues is upregulated. The expression difference is correlated with TNM stage, pathological grade, ER status and the prognosis of breast cancer, suggesting that it may become a new target and molecular marker for breast cancer treatment.

Objective:To detect the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of the ad-vanced breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with docetaxel and thiotepa,as well as the association between the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets with the response rate and prog-nosis.Methods:The proportions of lymphocyte subsets (CD3 +T cell,CD3 +/CD4 +T cell,CD3 +/CD8 +T cell,CD3 -/CD16 +56 +NK cell,CD3 +/CD16 +56 +T cell,CD19 +B cell,CD4 +/CD25 +T cell,CD8 +/CD28 -T cell,CD8 +/CD28 +T cell)in the peripheral blood of 86 patients were analyzed with flowcytometry before and after chemotherapy.The result was analyzed in combination with clinico-pathological data.Results:The proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg)after chemotherapy in the disease control patients decreased significantly compared with that of the progressive patients (P=0.034).The difference of the proportions of Treg before and after chemotherapy affected significantly the overall survi-val (OS).The OS of the patients with decreased proportion of Treg was significantly longer than that of the patients with increased proportion of Treg,which was 23.5 and 9.4 months respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion:The patients with decreased proportion of Treg after chemotherapy had higher response rate and better survival benefit.

Objective:To construct a prognostic risk model for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and elucidate the immune characteristics and immunotherapy response in patients with different prognostic stratification.Methods:RNA-seq data of TCGA-LIHC and ICGC(LIRI-JP),and gene microarray data of GSE14520 and GSE54236 in hepatocellular carcinoma,as well as clinical informa-tion of the corresponding samples were downloaded.First,screening of differentially expressed genes in tumor and non-tumor tissue samples from TCGA-LIHC,GSE14520 and GSE54236.For the common differential genes,univariate cox regression analysis was per-formed using TCGA-LIHC data to obtain HCC prognosis-related genes.Five genes were randomly selected as a panel,and the optimal prognostic marker panel was screened among 10 000 panels using Lasso-cox regression analysis combined with a five-fold cross-valida-tion method.TCGA-LIHC data were used as training set to construct the prognostic risk model,and ICGC data were used as validation set to test the model performance.Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion(TIDE)algorithm and Immunophenotypic score(IPS)were used to predict immunotherapy efficacy in patients in different prognostic groups.Results:Overall survival was significantly lon-ger in low-risk group of HCC patients compared with high-risk group.Tumor proliferation rate,Treg and Th2 cell chemotaxis,stromal remodeling,and pro-tumor cytokines were significantly increased in high-risk patients,while NK cells,Th1 cells,effector cells and endothelial cells were significantly increased in low-risk patients.Immune checkpoint analysis showed that PDCD1,CTLA4 and CD276 were up-regulated in high-risk patients,while PDCD1LG2 was upregulated in low-risk patients.TIDE score and IPS results predicted that patients in low-risk group had better efficacy to immunotherapy.Conclusion:This study constructed a prognostic risk model containing three genes,DNASE1L3,RDH16 and DLGAP5,which can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients and assist in clinical decision making for individualized immunotherapy.