OBJECTIVE To investigate the occupational risks factors and protective measures for the working staff in the central sterile supply department(CSSD).METHODS Looking back the latest 5 year study,the occupational risks factors were analyzed complehensively and safety measures were proposed.RESULTS Occupational risks factors to the staff in hospital CSSD included accidental injury,chemical disinfectant,ethylene oxide,electronic radiation,noise disturbance,flocci and dust,environment temperature and humidity,and lacking of safety knowledge and consciousness.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening occupational protective consciousness and skill education,standardizing operational process,perfecting preventive regulation,controlling the whole process,improving environment condition,stressing monitoring,and building protective barrier are important to protect working staff in CSSD and will be vital evidence for management.

The change of Psa and Ppa was observed during injection of 5-HT into the lateral ventricle of brain or the auricular vein of anesthetized rabbits. Increase of Ppa and decrease of Psa were found after injection through auricular vein. On the contrary, while 5-HT was injected into lateral ventricule there were increased of Psa and decreased of Ppa. The responses of Ppa induced by 5-HT injecting into lateral ventricle might be related to the transmission of vagus and the action of Ach. The opiumnoid substances might take part in the change of Ppa and Psa while 5-HT was injected into lateral ventricle of brain.

The effects of injecting nitrendipine into lateral cerebroventricle (LCV) andauricular vein (AV) on Ppa and Psa in normal and hypoxic rabbits were observed. Afterinjecting, the Ppa increased 0.22?0.13 kPa and 0.28?0.24 kPa in normal, and 0.06?0.19 kPa and 0.14 ?0.09 kPa in hypoxia respectively. The variation of Ppa after injec-ting LCV reduced markedly (p

In normal rat forebrain, the NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B dimmers are the main constitutional forms of NMDA receptors. The present study was carried out to determine the functional properties of the heteromeric NMDA receptor subunits and their inhibition by bis(7)-tacrine (B7T). Rat NR1, NR2A and NR2B cDNAs were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293). The inhibition of NMDA-activated currents by B7T was detected in HEK-293 cell expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B receptors by using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The results showed that in HEK-293 cells expressing NR1/NR2A receptor, 1 μmol/L B7T inhibited 30 μmol/L NMDA- and 1000 μmol/L NMDA-activated steady-state currents by 46% and 40%, respectively (P>0.05; n=5), suggesting that the inhibition of B7T on NR1/NR2A receptor doesn't depend on NMDA concentration, which is consistent with a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition. But for the NR1/NR2B receptor, 1 μmol/L B7T inhibited 30 μmol/L NMDA- and 1000 μmol/L NMDA-activated steady-state currents by 61% and 13%, respectively (P<0.05; n=6), showing that B7T appears to be competitive with NMDA. In addition, simultaneous application of 1 μmol/L B7T and 1000 μmol/L NMDA produced a moderate inhibition of peak NMDA-activated current, followed by a gradual decline of the current to a steady state. However, the gradual onset of inhibition produced by B7T applied simultaneously with NMDA was eliminated when B7T was given 5 s before NMDA. These results suggested that B7T inhibition of NMDA current mediated by NR1/NR2B receptor was slow onset, and it did not depend on the presence of the agonist. With holding potentials ranging from -50 to +50 mV, the B7T inhibition rate of NMDA currents didn't change significantly, and neither did the reversal potential. We are led to conclude that the NR1/NR2B recombinant receptor can serve as a very useful model for studying the molecular mechanism of NMDA receptor inhibition by B7T.

This paper introduces the configuration, classification, present status and trend of invasive blood pressure sensor.

Objective To establish an effective cleaning process for automatic spray cleaning machine in case of without water purification system and to reduce the formation of scale on the surface of machine and instruments with increased cleaning degree.Methods Descale process was added to the previons concrete cleaning process.The clean effect Was compared with previous concrete process.The blocking of the pipeline was observed.Results The clean degree by new cleaning process reached 97.23%,which was,better than that of the previous process.The problem of blocking of the pipeline was also solved.Conclusions Addition of descale process when using automatic spray cleaning machine in case of without water purification system could guarantee the clean quality of instruments.

The clinical data of 43 children diagnosed as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) with frequent relapse and treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were retrospectively analyzed.In this series of patients 18 were treated with CTX and 25 were treated with MMF.After CTX therapy the relapse-free period was round 6.0 months,the relapse rate decreased from 4.8 episodes/y to 1.1 episodes/y(P ＜0.001)and prednisone dose was reduced from 30.0 mg/d to 15.0 mg/d (P =0.002).After MMF therapy the relapse-free period was also round 6.0 months,the relapse rate decreased from 4.8 episodes/y to 1.6 episodes/y(P ＜0.001)and the prednisone dose was reduced from 37.5 mg/d to 12.5 mg/d(P ＜ 0.001).There were no significant differences in relapse-free period,relapse rate and reduction of prednisone dose (P ＞ 0.05) between MMF and CTX groups.This retrospective study shows that both MMF and CTX are effective immunosuppressive agents for children with frequently relapsing INS,however,MMF is more convenient and safe to administrate,it may be proposed before CTX.

Objective To study the related factors of leukoaraiosis (LA). Methods 480 elderly patients examined with cranial CT or MRI were investigated retrospectively. A single-factor and multi-Logistic regression analysis were performed. A rank correlation analysis was performed between the severity of LA and age as well as the course of hypertension. Results The prevalence of LA was 35%. The age (t=3.243，P=0.0013) and the incidence of hypertension (χ2=9.8941，P=0.0017) were higher in LA group than in non-LA group, the incidence of diabetic were lower (χ2=4.4193，P=0.0355). The age (OR=1.06，95%CI：1.027～1.103，P=0.0006), hypertension (OR=1.15，95% CI：1.065～1.236，P=0.0003), and diabetes (OR=0.85，95% CI：0.726～0.994，P=0.0421) were correlated with LA. Neither age (r=0.1553，χ2=4.9701，P=0.5477) nor the course of hypertension (r=-0.0758，χ2=1.9076，P=0.7527） were correlated with the severity of LA. Conclusion The age and hypertension was independent risk factors for LA, but the severity of LA was not correlated with age or course of hypertension.

Objective To study the role of emergency nursing professional team in the pre-hospital care.Methods Two hundred patients from October 2011 to March 2012 were set as the control group and another 200 patients from April 2012 to September 2012 were selected as the experiment group.The control group was managed by routine emergency mode and the experiment group by the emergency nursing professional team.The two groups were compared in terms of satisfaction degree,the time for the team to start and the rate of adverse nursing events.Results After establishing the emergency nursing professional team,the satisfaction degree was significantly increased,the time for the team to start was significantly shortened and the rate of adverse nursing events was significantly decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusion The management mode of emergency nursing professional team in pre-hospital medical care can effectively improve the quality of nursing care.

Objective To examine the relationship between UAE and fibrinolytic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 129 type 2 diabetic patients recruited and subgrouped by UAE,and the UAE,FBS,lipids,renal function and the activity of t-PA and PAI-1 were conducted in these patients and 40 health people.Results Compared to control group,the activity of PAI-1 was increased and the activity of t-PA decreased dramaticlly in type 2 diabetic group(P＜0.05);there was significant difference in the ratio of PAI-1 and t-PA between three diabetic groups(P＜0.05),of three group the ratio of PAI-1 and t-PA was most highest in the patients with macroal buminuria,and simple correlation analysis showed positive correlation between UAE and the ratio of PAI-1 and t-PA,especially in the patients with microalbuminuria(r=0.321,P＜0.05).Conclusion The UAE is closely relatedto fibrinolytic activity in patients type 2 diabetes.