Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the host defense against systemic candidiasis in murine model.Methods Two groups of mice,a study group (C3H/HeJ mice with mutant TLR4 gene) and a control group (C3H/HeN mice with normal TLR4 gene) were set up in cyclophosphamide-induced immuno-suppressed murine model with systemic candidiasis.Colony forming units (CFUs) of C.albicans were determined in infected kidneys and spleens with plating dilution method.Histopathological changes of infected kidneys were measured.In addition,levels of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in kidneys were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results CFUs of C.albicans were significantly higher in kidneys in the 1st day and 6th day after infection in the study group than those in the control group.Meanwhile,CFUs of C.albicans were significantly higher in spleens in the 1st day after infection in the study group than those in the control group.The scores of severity of infection,showed by histopathology,were significantly higher in kidneys in the 1st day and 6th day after infection in the study group than those in the control group(P

Objective To elucidate the molecular basis for induced resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone in vitro. Methods The reference strain ATCC49226 and clinical isolate ZSSY00205 of N. gon-orrhoeae were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone for the induction of resistance. Then,suppression subtractive hybridization was performed with the pre-induction parent strains as drivers and post-induction mutant strains as testers to create a subtractive cDNA library. Following that, a total of 192 clones were randomly selected from the library, and arrayed by spotting onto nylon membranes. Finally, dif-ferentially expressed genes were screened by hybridization with labeled-RsaI restriction fragments from the sensitive and resistant N.gonorrhoeae strains respectively, and analyzed by sequencing and homology research using Blast program. Results A subtractive library for these resistant N.gonorrhoeae strains was generated by SSH technique. Microarray analysis and homology research confirmed 5 genes related to ceftriaxone resistance, i.e. mtrR, mtrC, gyrB, rpsJ and PJD1. Conclusions The induced resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone may be associated with mtrR, mtrC, gyrB, rpsJ and PJD1 genes which probably mediate the resistance by enhancing the activity of efflux pump system.

Objective To explore new treatment methods for old acromioclavicular dislocation. Methods Twenty-nine cases of old acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with augmenting reconstruction of acromioclavicular ligament by coracoacromial ligament and augmenting reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament by conjoining tendon with biceps brachii muscle and coracobrachialis muscle in coracoid. Twenty-five cases were followed up with follow-up period of 3-36 months. There were 10 cases in grade Ⅱ and 15 in grade Ⅲ according to classification of Allman. Results Of 25 cases with follow-up, 16 were excellent and 9 satisfactory according to the Lazzcano standard. There were no other complications or dislocations. Conclusions Reconstruction of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments for treatment of old acromioclavicular dislocation is an efficient method with advantage of rigid fixation and accords with micro-motion physiological function of acromioclavicular joint.

Objective To evaluate the safety of cyclosporine(CsA)and methotrexate(MTX)in the treat-ment of psoriasis and to analyze the risk factors of side effects in the course of treatment. Methods In this retro-spective study,the patients with psoriasis treated with CsA and MTX were enrolled from April 2012 to April 2016 in Hainan Province. The clinical data and medication status of the patients were retrospectively collected. All pa-tients underwent laboratory tests such as blood,liver enzyme,renal function,and urine tests before treatment and during the follow-up. During the course of the study,any adverse events were recorded in the rotation treatment. Results A total of 42 psoriatic patients were enrolled. After screening,42 patients with psoriasis were enrolled. The average dosage and cumulative dose were(456.79 ± 472.14)days,and(134.68 ± 183.24)g for cyclosporine and(274.51 ± 215.32)days,(418.62 ± 435.63)mg for methotrexate.Four patients had abnormal laboratory tests after treatment:4 patients(9.5%)had abnormal transaminases and 2(4.8%)were accompanied by abnormal uric acid. The renal function tests(serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen),blood cell count and urine tests for all patients were in the normal range. Conclusions In the long-term systemic treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis, the use of cyclosporine A and methotrexate therapy can largely reduce the side effects of drugs,especially the oc-currence of renal toxicity. In the course of treatment,the epidemiology of patient,duration of disease,severity of the disease,the dose and duration of drugs are not high risk factors for the side effects of drugs.