Objective To investigate the influence of caspase-3 on the apoptosis of glomerulus cells in chronic arsenic poisoning. Methods Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats in cleanliness grade were randomly divided into high-dose group,low-dose group and control group,10 in each (5 males and 5 females). The rats in high and low groups were treated with As2O3 through drinking water,10 and 0.4 mg/(kg?d) respectively,for four months. The content of arsenic in the blood and urine was determined. The expression of caspase-3 in the glomerulus cells was detected by SABC immunohistochemistry and analyzed through image patterns. Results Compared with the control group,a higher arsenic content in the blood and urine,more positive cells of caspase-3 and lower OD value the glomerulus cells were found in both of high-dose and low-dose groups. Compared with low-dose group,a higher arsenic content in the blood and urine,more positive cells of caspase-3 and the lower value of grey degree in the renal glomerulus cells were all found in high-dose group. Conclusion The obvious increase of caspase-3 in the glomerulus cells may play a role in the apoptosis of the glomerulus cells induced by chronic arsenic poisoning.

Objective To study effect of chronic arsenism on ultra-structure of rats’ hippocampus CA3. Methods 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups(25 rats in each group):the control group and the arsenic poisoning group. The control group drank distilled water. The arsenic poisoning group drank distilled water containing 100 mg/L AS2O3. Both groups were fed on common feed. All rats were killed after 4 months and the hippocampus tissue was observed by optic and electron microscope. Results By optic microscope,the pyramidal cells at the hippocampus CA3 region of the control group were dense and orderly. The cells bodies were pyramidal and clear,cytoplasm were abundant with Nissl bodies. While the pyramidal cells of the arsenic poisoning group were fewer and scattered unorderly and the pyramidal cell form was irregular. Nissl bodies in cytopalsm were fewer or missing.The arsenic poisoning group's cells were fewer than the control group’s (P

Objective To explore the appropriate method of isolating,purifying and culturing the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) in vitro,and observe the differentiation of MSCs into neuron-like cells induced by noggin gene transfected with adenovirus vector.Methods MSCs obtained from bone marrow of SD rats were isolated,cultivated and amplified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation with adherent method,the the third passage of purified MSCs was then induced to differentiate into neurocytes by using the reconstructed noggin adenovirus vector(pAdEasy-1-GFP-noggin) and control vector(pAdEasy-1-GFP),respectively.After cultivation,the differentiated cells were identified by using immunocytochemical method with neurone-specific enolase(NSE),neurofilament 200(NF-200),neuronal nuclei(NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and the inductivity in the respective groups were analyzed.The Nissl bodies in the induced cells were displayed by thionine-eosin staining.Results The primarily cultured MSCs were spindle in shape,adhered 24 hours after cultivation,and then grew into small clones.Forty-eight hours after transfection by noggin recombinant adenovirus vector,the MSCs started to change their shape as observed under inverted microscope,and several axon-or dendrite-like processes with branches stretched out from the cell body.The induced cells derived from bone marrow MSCs specifically expressed NSE,NF and NeuN,but not GFAP by immunocytochemistry.A lot of Nissl bodies could be seen in the cell body of induced cells shown by Nissl staining.Conclusions Highly purified MSCs can be obtained by Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method.The bone marrow derived MSCs transfected with noggin gene can differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro.

【Objective】 To explore the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with immunotherapy before radical cystectomy plus pelvic lymph nodes dissection (RC-PLND) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 101 patients with MIBC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by RC-PLND in the Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University during Jan.2019 and Dec.2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 71 patients (70.3%) who received NAC (NAC group) and 30 (29.7%) who received NAC combined with immunotherapy (NAC combine immunotherapy group). The clinical and pathological data and adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological partial response (pPR). 【Results】 There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05).However, the proportion of multiple tumors in patients receiving NAC before surgery was significantly higher than that in the NAC combined immunotherapy group (69.0% vs. 46.7%, P=0.034).Compared with NAC group, NAC combined with immunotherapy group had significantly improved rate of pathological downstaging and pPR (60.6% vs. 83.3%, P=0.026; 45.1% vs. 70.0%, P=0.022).Furthermore, the rate of pCR in patients undergoing NAC combined immunotherapy was higher than those undergoing NAC, but the difference was not significant (53.3% vs. 33.8%, P=0.067).Logistic regression analysis revealed that clinical T-stage and tumor diameter were independent predictors of pCR and pPR (P<0.05).In addition, the most common adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy were anemia, decreased white blood cells, nausea, and vomiting, but most of them were grade 1—2 and could be relieved through symptomatic treatment. 【Conclusion】 NAC combined with immunotherapy is safe and effective, which can improve the rate of pathological downstaging, pPR and pCR, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.