Trichomonas vaginalis parasitizes in human genitourinary tract.The protozoon adhering to target cell plays a critical role in its contact-dependent cytotoxicity.The enzymes synthesized by T.vaginalis can hurt vaginalis epithelial cells(VECs)directly.The focal immune reaction in the location parasitized by the parasite may provide an immunologic protection.Meanwhile,inflammatory factors and immune cells may aggravate the situation.In general,the T.vaginalis-induced contact-dependent cytotoxicity is a result of the involvement of some molecular and chemical factors.

Objective:To investigate the clinical pharmaceutical care methods and promote rational drug use. Methods:The diag-nosis and treatment process of one patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were used as the examples, the pharmacists par-ticipated in selecting drugs, adjusting dosage and making individual regimen to carry out the pharmaceutical care in the whole treatment process, including observing curative effect, monitoring adverse reactions, implementing patient education,nutritional support, immu-notherapy and the effect evaluation. Results:Clinical pharmacists together with clinicians developed the treatment regimens for the pa-tient with the full implementation of pharmaceutical care, the effect was promising, and the patient recovered and discharged from hos-pital. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should implement pharmaceutical care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the whole treatment process, which can reduce drug adverse reactions and interactions effectively, and play an important role in ra-tional and safe drug use.

Objective:To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of mahuannin A in ephedrae radix et rhizoma. Methods:The content of mahuannin A was determined by an HPLC-ELSD method on an Alltima TM C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (28∶ 72) with a flow rate of 0. 7 ml·min-1, and the column temperature was 30℃. The temperature of drift tube heater was 105℃ and the flow rate of carrier gas was 2. 8 L·min-1 . Results:The linear range of mahua-nnin A was 42. 56-383. 04 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8). The average recovery and RSD was 99. 9% and 1. 96%(n=6), respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple and the result is accurate. It can be used for the quality control of ephedrae radix et rhizaoma.

Thladiantha dubia Bunge is a traditional Chinese medicine in Manzu region applied in the treatment of pain in waist and leg, or strain in lumbar without adverse reaction. By referring to the relative literatures on Thladiantha dubia Bunge from home and abroad, the study progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Thladiantha dubia Bunge in the recent 30 years were reviewed to lay foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of the total flavonoids from Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma. Methods:The purification method of the total flavonoids from Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma was optimized with the yield and content of the total fla-vonoids as the indices. Based on the above research, the process parameters were optimized by an orthogonal test. Results:The opti-mum purification conditions were as follows:the volume fraction of ethanol was 50%, the stirring extraction time was 20 min, and the liquid-solid ratio was 8∶ 1(ml·g-1). Conclusion:The optimum purification technology is simple and reproducible, and suitable for the industrial production.

Objective:To describe the current situation of IHR ( 2005 ) public health emergency core capacity at the provincial, city, district or county level for health departments in China, discover gaps in the implementation of IHR(2005) public health emergency core capacity, and thereby provide reference for the construction of IHR(2005) public health emergency core capacity. Methods: A survey was conducted from 211 questionnaires of IHR (2005) public health emergency core capacity, which included 7 provinces, 64 cities, and 140 counties ( districts) in the health departments. Results:The indicator of IHR (2005) public health emergency core capacity is suitable for the conditions in China;there is a lack of institution building in China concerning IHR (2005) public health emergency core capacity;there is a decreasing trend at the provincial, city and county ( district) level. Conclusion:Recommen-dations were proposed to strengthen China’s institution building of IHR (2005) public health emergency core capaci-ty, focus on strengthening construction of county (district) level IHR (2005) public health emergency core capacity, strengthen the weak links of the IHR (2005) public health emergency core capacity index, strengthen China’s appli-cability research concerning IHR (2005) public health emergency core capacity.

Objective To investigate medical students' cognitive status and attitude toward urban-rural integration and to find the influencing factors in an aim to provide information for the process of urban and rural integration.Methods Sampling survey was conducted among the junior students who were major in eight-year clinical medicine,five-year clinical medicine and nursing (undergraduate) with self-made questionnaire.The data entry was done by 19.0 SPSS software and descriptive statistical analysis and ONE-WAY ANOVA were used to do statistical analysis.Results Students who didn't know urban-rural integration accounted for 53.2％,while 80.7％ students supported urban-rural integration.Students' major and residence were two influencing factors of working in the countryside.Conclusion Measures should be taken to raise students' awareness of urban-rural integration based.Targeted measures should be adopted based on students' majors and residences.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Gengnian Anshu granule on the endocrine system of menopausal rats. Methods:The rats aged 13-15 months received intragastrical treatment with Gengnian Anshu granule at the doses of 1. 9,0. 95 and 0. 48 g·kg - 1 ·d - 1 for 6 weeks. At the end of treatment,serum and hypothalamic hormone levels were detected,and the organ indices including uterus and ovaries were determined. Results:In the menopausal rats,Gengnian Anshu granule could significantly in-crease the serum estradiol(E2 )(P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01),decrease serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteotrophic hor-mone(LH)(P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01),increase norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and β-endor-phine(β-EP)(P < 0. 05),increase the number of cells positive for estrogen receptor(ER)protein expression in hypothalamus(P <0. 05 or P < 0. 01),and decrease the number of cells positive for gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)protein expression(P <0. 01). Conclusion:With a multi-target action mechanism and an integral regulatory role,Gengnian Anshu granule can provide favor-able regulation against endocrine disorder in menopausal rats.

Objective To try different concentrations of nicotine promotes the apoptosis of human umbilical vein en-dothelial cells and its mechanism .Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured .According to the concentration of nicotine , grouped as 10 -6 , 10 -7, 10 -8 mol/L, and control.After 24 h of nicotine treat-ment, proliferation/activity were tested by CCK-8 assay;Annexin V-FITC fluorescence staining detects the apoptot-ic cells.Western blot detects the expression of protein Bax , Bcl-2 and PARP-1, to study the mechanism of apopto-sis.Results Compared with control group , in 10 -6 ,10 -7 mol/L groups the proliferation/activity of HUVECs de-creased ( P<0.05 ) .And the number of apoptotic cells increased ( P<0.01 ) .The target proteins expression of 10 -6、10 -7 mol/L groups were changed as follow: Bax increased ( P <0.01 ) , Bcl-2 decreased ( P <0.01 ) and PARP-1 increased ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions Nicotine may promote the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells , which accelerates the development of atherosclerotic disease .