Objective:To investigate the effect of four different limbs postures on leg loading and stability of stand-to-sit (StandTS) in hemiplegic stroke patients.Method:30 hemiplegic stroke patients and 30 healthy individuals participated in this study.The duration,mean lower limb loading,and sway of the center of gravity (COG) in mediolateral directions (COGX) were measured during StandTS at four postures.Result:There were no significant differences in duration,mean lower limb loading,and COGX between the two arm positions during StandTS in hemiplegic stroke patients (0.05＜P＜0.1).In hemiplegic stroke patients performing StandTS,there were significant differences in duration,lower limb loading,and COGX between the different foot positions (P＜0.05).When hemiplegic stroke patients placed the paretic foot posterior,the weightbearing asymmetry between lower limbs was greatly improved,compared with the asymmetry when the non-paretic foot was posterior (P＜0.05).Furthermore,when the non-paretic foot was posterior,the duration to complete the StandTS movement increased (P＜0.05),and the postural stability during StandTS improved(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in duration,mean lower limb loading,and COGX among four different limbs positions during StandTS in healthy individuals (0.05＜P＜0.1).Conclusion:Changing the upper limb position did not affect lower limb loading and postural stability during StandTS in stroke patients.However,changing the foot position significantly influenced the lower limb loading and postural stability during StandTS in hemiplegic stroke patients.

Objective To find a new algorithm for PET/CT image fusion.Methods A variational model was used based on the wavelet transform.Firstly,PET and CT images were decomposed using wavelet transform.Then,images in approximate channel and detail channel were fused according to the two proposed assumption.Finally,decomposed images were synthesized to form fused image.Results Compared with the results form MATLAB wavelet fusion toolbox,the experimental results showed that the new variational image fusion model could provide more accurate result for target location in radiotherapy planning.Conclusion According to experiments,the new algorithm can reach good results and meet requirement of clinical demands.

Objective To explore the quadriceps muscles function in patients with unilateral knee injury.Methods 23 unilateral knee injured patients with joint dysfuntion were assessed with isometric EMG activity of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis obliques (VMO) and rectus femoris(RF) of both thighs during three 5-s maximal isometric voluntary contractions at a knee joint angle of 30° (0° - full knee extension), and the torque were recorded at same time. Results The average amplitude (AEMG), mean power frequency (MPF), and median frequency (MF) of VL, VMO and RF in affected knees were significantly lower than those in unaffected knees（P＜0.01）, as well as the torque（P＜0.01）. In the unaffected side, the AEMG, MPF of VL were higher than VMO and RF（P＜0.05）, and RF than VMO（P＜0.05）. In the affected side, the AEMG, MPF of RF are higher than VMO and VL（P＜0.05）, and VL than VMO（P＜0.05）. Conclusion sEMG can provide quantitative measurements of muscle function. The isometric strength and neuromuscular activation lever are lower in affected limb, RF may be affected less than VL and VMO in knee injured patients with knee dysfunction.

Objective To compare the curative effects of lumbar traction in supine position with hip flection and extension for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID).Methods 84 PLID patients were all treated by lumbar traction in supine position. But, group A (42 cases) with hip flection and group B (42 cases) with hip extension. Before and after three weeks therapy, all patients were assessed by Fairbank JC index and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) to observe the symptom and pain condition.Results The scores of Fairbank JC index and VAS scale of the patients in group A were significantly lower than those in the group B (P<0.001).Conclusion Lumbar traction in supine position with hip flection for the PLID can obviously promote the curative effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of vacuum suction stereo-dynamic interferential electrotherapy and McKenzie therapy on lumbar disc herniation in aged patients.Methods 70 aged patients with lumbar disc herniation are randomly divided into two groups,experiment group and control group.Each contained 35 patients.Both are treated 15 min daily with the SD5101 therapeutic.For the experiment group,McKenzie therapy is employed 3～4 times per day additionally.They were evaluated with Graded Efficacy For Relieving Lumbar Pain before and after treatment.Follow-up observation lasted for 10 months to record the time of treatment and recurrence rate of both groups.Results For short-term curative effect,no statistical differences were observed between these two groups(P>0.05).For the curative effects on single-segment or multi-segment lumber disc herniation,statistical differences were observed before and after treatment in each group(P<0.05),but were not between them(P>0.05).The curative effects are negatively correlated with the course of treatment(For experiment group:r=-0.72;For control group:r=-0.64).No statistical differences were observed between these two groups in terms of the total correlation coefficient(P>0.05).The time of treatment in experiment group is shorter than that in control group(P<0.05).The recurrence rate in experiment group is lower than in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Vacuum suction stereo-dynamic interferential electrotherapy combining with McKenzie therapy is an efficient method in treating aged patients with lumbar disc herniation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of surface electromyography (sEMG) in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods44 patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation were divided into mild pain group (group A) and moderate to severe pain group (group B) according to their scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Their sEMG at erector spinae and gastrocnemius were collected, and the average EMG (AEMG), slope of median frequency (MFs) were analyzed. ResultsCompared with those in the healthy side, AEMG of erector spinae and gastrocnemius reduced significantly (P<0.05) in affected side in both groups, while the MFs (absolute value) increased (P<0.05). Compared with those in group A, the MFs (absolute value) in affected side significantly increased in group B (P<0.05). The ratio of healthy/affected side of AEMG increased in group B (P<0.05), but the ratio of MFs was no significantly difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). ConclusionSurface EMG, of both the erector spinae and gastrocnemius, can be used as a non-invasive tool in detecting neuromuscular function of lumbar and lower limb in patients with lumbar disc herniation. The sEMG imbalance may respond with the severity of pain.

Objective To study the relationships between the standing balance and walking ability of hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods Eighty-eight post-stroke hemiplegic patients who could walk independently for more than 10 metres were selected into a patient group,while 88 healthy counterparts were recruited into a control group.Descriptors of the gait and balance function of both groups were collected using a gait and balance training and evahuation apparatus (Model:AL-600).The gait parameters were step width,walking speed,step length asymmetry (SLA),swing time asymmetry (SWTA) and stand time asymmetry (STA).The balance parameters studied were total trajectory length of the center of plantar pressure (COPD),the average left and right deviation of the center of plantar pressure (COPD-X) and the average anterio-posterior deviation of the center of plantar pressure (COPD-Y).Differences in indexes of gait and balance function between the two groups were analyzed using t-tests,and the relationships between the gait and balance indicators were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.Results The walking speed,step width,COPD,COPD-X,COPD-Y,SLA,SWTA and STA of the patient group [(37.64± 18.29)cm/s,(14.45±4.17)cm,(66.75±29.04)cm,(2.04±1.41)cm,(2.48±1.28)cm,(1.30±0.46),(1.65±0.67) and (1.18±0.16),respectively] all increased significantly more compared to the control group [(90.76±14.72)cm/s,(8.70±2.62) cm,(27.84±6.54) cm,(1.30±0.53) cm,(1.68±0.40) cm,(1.07±0.06),(1.07±0.08) and (1.05±0.06),respectively],though the walking speed was significantly slower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The patient group's average COPD-X showed slightly and moderately negative correlation with their walking speed,step width,SLA and SWTA (P＜0.05).COPD-Y was weakly related with step width (P＜0.05).Conclusion The standing balance of hemiplegic patients after stroke is related to their walking speed,step width and gait asymmetry.Especially significant correlation is observed between standing balance parameters such as COPD-X and gait parameters.

Objective To examine the effects of trunk exercises performed using a Swiss ball on functional balance and walking in the early stage of recovering from a stroke.Metbods Sixty hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly assigned to a control group or an experimental group,each of 30.Both groups were treated with routine physical training.Those in the control group did conventional trunk exercises,while the patients in the experimental group were given trunk exercises performed using a Swiss ball.The trunk control test (TCT) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to assess the patients' trunk and balance function.Gait and balance function training and assessment apparatus (model AL-080) was used to measure and compare the scope of movement of the patient's center of pressure in static sitting over 30 seconds (LOM),the limits of stability (LOS),velocities and a gait asymmetry index (GAI).Results Significant improvements in TCT,BBS,LOM and LOS were observed in both groups after the training,but all of the measures improved significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group.Conclusions Swiss ball trunk exercise can obviously improve the trunk control,functional balance and walking of stroke patients in the early stages of recovery.

Objective To explore the correlation between plantar pressure and walking function in hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients with stroke (a hemiplegic group) and thirty age-matched healthy persons (a control group) were recruited.Gait and balance function training and assessment system (model:AL-600) were used to quantify the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and displacement of center of pressure (DCOP) of all subjects during walking.The asymmetry of gait was calculated.Two independent sample t-test were used to compare the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure and DCOP for the two groups.Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to analyze the correlation between the walking velocity and peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Results The walking velocity,the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and DCOP of the hemiplegic group were significantly lower than the control group.In the hemiplegic group,the asymmetry of peak plantar pressure and DCOPx significantly increased,while that of DCOPy became bigger without significant difference.Moreover,the walking capacity of the hemiplegic group was positively correlated with the peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Conclusion Among hemiplegic stroke patients,both the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods lower in a way.Their capacity of weight transfer decreases,which is closely related to their walking velocity.

Objective To explore the interaction of foot placement, trunk control and weight-bearing (WB) during sit-to-stand (STS) movement. Methods 32 hemiplegic stroke patients (experimental group) and 32 healthy people (control group) were recruited and completed STS movement with 3 different foot positions: ankle dorsiflexed 10° of both feet (BF), with the paretic foot posterior (PFP) or the undominant foot posterior (UDFP), with the non-paretic foot posterior (NPFP) or the dominant foot posterior (DFP). Balance function assessment system (model AL-080) was used for collecting the WB, WB asymmetry (WBasym), and the center of pressure of the buttocks in medial-lateral (CoPx) and anterior-posterior (CoPy) sway during STS movement. Results The control group had the mostly WB symmetry, and little trunk side movement in BF, and there was significant difference in all indicators compared with in DFP or UDFP. For the experiment group, the WB, WBasym and CoPx were different as BF from as NPFP (P<0.05); while all the indicators except CoPx were different from PFP. When PFP, the trunk moved to the non-paretic side, and then to paretic side, all the indicators were different from NPFP. When BF and NPFP of the experiment group compared with BF and DFP of the control group, all the indicators were different (P<0.05). CoPx and CoPy increased in the experiment group compared with the control group. CoPx negatively correlate with WBasym in the experiment group (r=-0.626, P<0.001) and in the control group (r=-0.776, P<0.001). Conclusion The trunk side movement affects weight-bearing symmetry, and foot placement can modify weight-bearing distribution during the STS movement in hemiplegic stroke patients.