Objective To explore the effect of different factors on strengthening the tissue culture seedlings and roots of Dendranthema morifolium ( Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju, so as to provide experimental basis for establishing an in-vitro rapid propagation system of Dendranthema morifolium. Methods The experiment took Dendranthema morifolium ( Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju tissue culture seedling as the studying object. By using tissue culture technology, different additives were added into the MS medium. Results In the seedling-strengthening culture medium, 150 mL/L of macro-element was beneficial to the growth of tissue culture seedlings of Dendranthema morifolium ( Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju. The culture medium with 100 g/L of coconut milk added could obviously promote the growth of Dendranthema morifolium ( Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju tissue culture seedlings. And activated carbon added to the rooting culture medium could induce the formation of tissue culture root system of Dendranthema morifolium ( Ramat) Tzvel. cv. The addition of α-naphthaleneacetic acid ( NAA) and indolebutyric acid ( IBA) at certain concentrations could promote the amount and the growth of the roots. Conclusion The tissue culture seedlings of Dendranthema morifolium ( Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju are boosted by increasing the amount of macro-element, reducing the concentration of agar in the culture medium and adding coconut milk and growth hormones to the culture medium. The optimal rooting culture medium is a compound of 1/2MS, NAA 0.05 mg/L and IBA 0.05 mg/L.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the spasmolytic effect of baked Radix Vladimiriae on in vitro intestinal muscle in rabbits. METHODS:Magnus in vitro intestinal muscle accumulative dose method was adopted to observe the dose-effect relationship of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae with in vitro intestinal muscle of rabbits and its impact on the spasm of rabbit intestinal muscle induced by acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. RESULTS:There was a certain dose-effect relationship between petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae and spasmolytic mechanism of rabbit in vitro intestine. It showed the effect of acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. CONCLUSION:The inhibition effect of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae on normal in vitro intestinal muscle increase as long as dose increase. The inhibition mechanism may be associated with acetylcholine competing with histamine to block M receptor and H1 receptor as well as to inhibit excitability of intestinal muscle.

To explore the influence of matrix materials in complicate ingredients on traditional Chinese medicine and investigate the excipients selection model based on balanced release characteristics of multicomponents, the influence of HPMC (K4M, K15M, K100M) and Carbomer (934P, 971P, 974P) was illustrated by testing in vitro release of ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 in Panax notoginseng saponins (model drug, PNS). According to in vitro release results of PNS matrix tablets in water and artificial intestinal juice, the release curves were analyzed with Peppas equation and simulating factor (f). Significant differences in k value and n value among ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 existed in various formulations. The release behaviors from various excipients could be described with Non-Fickian transport or super Case II transport pattern. The f2 values for ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 in 971P matrix tablet containing 30% Carbomer 971P were 74.91, 53.45, 57.89 in water and 79.35, 55.51, 51.89 in artificial intestinal juice, respectively. The release profiles fit for the regulation of FDA. The result revealed that the balanced release rates of Rg1, Rb1 and R1 in 971P matrix tablet were obtained.

Objective To make a concrete analysis of micro-perfusion pump and compatible syringes used in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for low birth weight infants,and to find solutions to the defects in application.Methods 20 ml sterile syringes were set different infusion rates (1ml/h,5ml/h,6ml/h,10ml/h),different infusion time (5min,30min,lh).Then,the card slot on the micro-perfusion pump where the end of 20ml sterile syringe was placed was regulated.The regulated syringes were also set different infusion rates (5ml/h,6ml/h,l0ml/h) and time as before.The error accuracy was calculated.Results The results showed that at the end stage of 20ml sterile syringes pumping,there was always 0.5～1.5 ml residual liquid which could not be pumped out,but perfusion pump displayed injection was completed.Before regulation,the error accuracy between different infusion rates of 20ml sterile syringes was 6.00％,3.80％,2.33％,1.30％ respectively.However,after improvement,the regulated syringes could completely pump all liquid out,and the error accuracy between different infusion rates and different infusion time was also superior to pre-improvement.Conclusions Improved micro-infusion pump and sterile solution prefilled syringe have no drug residual,and display high accuracy and small error accuracy.

AIM:To establish the quality standard for Nabao Capsule(Radix Astragali,Radix Angelicae sinensis,Rhizoma Corydalis,Herba Hedyotis,etc.).METHODS:Radix Angelicae sinensis,Rhizoma Corydalis,Herba Hedyotic and Pendulous Monkshood Root in Nabao Capsule were identified by TLC.Astragaloside Ⅳ was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The characteristic identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific,the quantitative evaluation of thymol had the linear range of 1-10 ?g.The average recovery was 99.05% and RSD was 2.48%.CONCLUSION:The method is reliable,accurate and specific,and can be used for the quality control of Nabao Capsule.

The chemical ingredients of sediments from single Radix Aconiti Lateralis (Fuzi, in Chinese) decoction and Radix Aconiti Lateralis-Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, in Chinese) decoction were evaluated separately by HPLC-MS for exploring their ingredients difference and discussing the mechanism of toxicity reduction of Fuzi-Gaocao herb-pair, even providing the experimental basis for extracting and purifying process of TCM preparations containing Fuzi-Gancao herb-pair. The sediments samples from single Fuzi decoction (FD) and Fuzi-Gaocao decoction (FGD) were prepared separately firstly. Then these samples were analyzed in the same chromatographic and mass spectrometry condition, estimating their HPLC-MS fingerprint and identifying their compounds by Q-TOFMS. As a result, 28 compounds in sediments samples from FD were obtained, among which 25 compounds and structures were confirmed. Besides, 36 compounds in sediments samples from FGD sample were obtained including 34 confirmed compounds and structures, among which there were 11 compounds from Gancao and 25 compounds from Fuzi. However, according to these confirmed compounds, alkaloids compounds in sediments samples from FGD were significantly different from that in sediments samples from FD. This result showed the fact that there would be some influences on alkaloid compounds in decoction after the combination of Gancao. In this study, the experiment basis of the mechanism of toxicity reduction of Fuzi-Gaocao herb-pair is provided. It also showed that much attention should be paid to the fact that there were great amount of alkaloid compounds, the effective compounds, in the sediments for which a comprehensive utilization in clinic and pharmaceutical process should be noted.

Double cannulation model of conscious rat allowing simultaneous collection of mesenteric lymph and jugular venous blood was established to investigate the intestinal lymphatic transport of breviscapine orally administered in rat. The concentrations of breviscapine in plasma and lymph were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics of breviscapine after oral and intravenous administration was evaluated in the conscious rat model. It was observed that scutellarin distributed from blood circulation to lymphatic system after intravenous injection. The cumulative lymphatic transport amount within 12 h was (2.78 +/- 0.25) microg, equivalent to 0.0792% of intravenous dose. After oral administration of scutellarin to double-cannulation rats, the cumulative lymphatic transport amount within 12 h was (0.92 +/- 0.08) microg, equal to 0.0083% of oral dose. The absolute bioavailability of breviscapine orally administered to double-cannulation rats was 4.91%, indicating that scutellarin was mainly absorbed into the bloodstream through the portal vein. Lymphatic transport of scutellarin appears to reflect high affinity for the lymph lipoproteins to chylomicron. This study provided a biopharmaceutics basis for developing oral lipid delivery system for the promotion of intestinal lymphatic transport to improve oral bioavailability of breviscapine.

OBJECTIVETo study the stability of costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostus lactone (DEH) of Vladimiriae Radix before and after being roasted in artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and isolated rat gastric, intestinal or colonic incubation juice.

METHODThe HPLC method was used for the determination of the mass concentration of COS and DEH Vladimiriae Radix before and after being roasted artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and isolated rat gastric, intestinal or colonic incubation juice. The samples were incubated with isolated rat stomach, small intestine; colon was used to study physical adsorption, absorption or degradation parameters.

RESULTCOS of Vladimiriae Radix before or after being roasted was unstable in artificial gastric juice, with the average degradation constants as 0.758 0 and 0.531 1. Having been roasted, it showed an increasing stability with a significant difference (P < 0.01). Both of COS and DEH of Vladimiriae Radix before or after being roasted showed high adsorption, uptake or degradation (2 h), and it had significant difference between different parts.

CONCLUSIONCOS was unstable in artificial gastric juice (unprocessed Vladimiriae Radix has a higher degradation rate). Isolated rat stomach, small intestine, colon can adsorb, take, degrade COS and DEH of Vladimiriae Radix before or after roasting process obviously and differently. It provides basis for studies on the absorption mechanisms of effective ingredients of Vladimiriae Radix before and after being roasted.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; metabolism ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gastric Juice ; chemistry ; Intestinal Secretions ; chemistry ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Lactones ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Stomach ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of inorganic elements in Cyperus rotundus ，and to compare the contents of 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas ，and to provide theoretical basis for its quality control and high quality resources development . METHODS ：The samples were processed by microwave digestion，and ICP-MS method was used to determine the contents of Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Se，Sr，Cd and Pb. SPSS 23.0 software were used for principal component analysis （PCA）and cluster analysis. RESULTS ：The average contents of above 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas were 168.62，753.71， 6 938.33，24.31，14.69，197.77，0.60，2.43，26.89，0.21，0.06，5.64，0.05，0.32 mg/kg，respectively. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components was 86.203％，which could reflect most of the information of the original data. C. rotundus from Shandong ，Jiangxi，Shanxi，Hubei and Yunnan ranked the top five places in terms of comprehensive score of inorganic element contents. The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples from 9 producing areas were clustered into 5 categories，showing the characteristics of clustering by producing area. From the perspective of inorganic elements ，the quality of C. rotundus from East China ，Central China ，North China and Southwest China was better than that from South China. CONCLUSIONS ：Essential trace elements like Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Cu，Zn，Sr are rich in C. rotundus，and there are small amounts of Ni ，As，Se，Cd，Pb elements in it. The contents difference of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different origins may related to the geographical area it belongs to.

OBJECTIVE： To estab lish the method for simultaneous determination of the contents of cyperotundone ， nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in the volatile oil of Cyperus rotundus ，compare the content differences of 4 components in C. rotundus samples from different origins ，and to provide reference for germplasm screening ，development and utilization of the medicinal material. METHODS ：The volatile oil was extracted from 46 batches of C. rotundus from 12 origins. The contents of cypermenone，nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in volatile oil were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （68∶32，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min；the column temperature was 30 ℃；the detection wavelength was set at 242 nm；the sample size was 20 μL. Using the contents of above 4 components as evaluation indexes ，radar image analysis ，cluster thermal map analysis and principal component analysis were performed for comparing the quality of C. rotundus from different origins. RESULTS ：The results of content determination methodology investigation met relevant requirements ；the total contents of 4 components in volatile oil from C. rotundus from different origins ranged from 136.986 4 to 538.832 1 mg/g，of which the total content of samples from Yunnan was the highest （the average value was 476.059 2 mg/g）. Radar image analysis results showed that the whole contour in the 4 origins of Guangdong ， Jiangxi，Guangxi and Yunnan was large relatively and better balanced ，among which the samples from Yunnan had the largest overall contour and the best balance. The cluster thermal map analysis results showed that the samples from 12 origins could be grouped into 2 categories，the first category was from Hubei ，Jiangxi，Yunnan，Sichuan，Guangdong，Shandong，Henan and Shaanxi；the second category was from Guangxi ，Shanxi，Anhui and Hainan ；the quality of samples from the first category were better than that of samples from the second category. The principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96.1％，and the samples from 12 origins were mainly clustered into two categories ，which was consistent with the results of cluster thermal map analysis. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC method can be used for simultaneous determination of cypermenone ，nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in volatile oil of C. rotundus from different origins. Among the samples from 12 origins，the quality of medicinal material from Yunnan is better.