Objective To evaluate the treatment effects of the olecranon comminuted fracture by the angle stability prin-ciple combined with support under the articular surface. Methods From November 2008 to June 2012, 13 patients (7 male and 6 female, aged from 20 to 77 years) suffered from olecranon comminuted fracture were treated with Synthes anatomy locking com-pression plate and screws combined with Kirschner wires supporting under the articular surface through the posterior median ap-proach. Fractures occurred in the left elbow in 9 and in the right elbow in 4. According to the Mayo classification, 11 cases were classified as Mayo type IIB and 2 as IIIB. According to the Schatzker-Schmeling classification, 2 fractures were type A2, 9 type C, and 2 type D. One patient with type C fracture also had type I coronoid fracture according to Regan and Morrey classification. The Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI) and the shortened disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (Quick-DASH) were employed to evaluate the functions. All patients took the satisfaction survey and X-ray during the follow-up. Results All patients were fol-lowed-up for 8 to 41 months. The mean ROM of the elbow joint was 112° (range, 65°-140° ), and the mean rotation angle of the forearm was 170° (range, 150°-180°). The mean score for the MEPI was 96 (range, 85-100), excellent 12, good 1. The mean score for the Quick-DASH was 6.2 (range, 0-16.7). In the satisfaction survey, 8 patients were very satisfied, 4 satisfied, 1 common level. All patients took the X-ray during the follow-up and all of them had achieved fracture union completely with the mean time period as 12.7 weeks (range, 11-24 weeks). No cubitus varus, valgus, and instability were found in all patients. No complication, such as infection, ulnar nerve injuries and etc. was found. Five patients complained about mild discomfort caused by internal fixation at 3 months after surgery. Three of them were diagnosed as joint stiffness because of ROM within 100° . One case in 3 elbow stiffness patients developed osteoarthritis after eight months, but no pain during joint activity. Internal fixation was removed in one case;an-other young patient took the operation for removal of internal fixation and release of medial ligament;the third patient refused oper-ation. Conclusion Angle stability principle (Synthes anatomy locking compression plate and screws) combined with supporting under the articular surface (Kirschner wires) can achieve stable fixation in treating olecranon comminuted fracture. It may realize the early exercise of the elbow joint with excellent clinical results. Therefore, it may be an optional choice in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the changes of vital signs and the damage of important organs in dog progressive circulatory failures induced by soman.Method Seven male dogs,weighing(12～15)kg,were injected intramuscularly 1/3 LD sornan(1 LD=10μg/kg)per ten minutes.The moan blood pressure decreased to (40～45)mmHg was defined as circulatory failure.The changes of heart rate,blood pressure.and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by an eight-channel direct-witing oscillograph,blood gas,pH value,electrolyte,and the damage of important organs were observed before and after sornan injection.Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the self control t test with the SAS 6.12 Software Program.Results In anesthetized dogs intoxicated with sornan,the circulatory failure was characterized by the significant decreases in blood pressure,heart rate and hemodymrnic parameters(P<0.05).Partial pressure of oxygen was less than 60 mmHg,saturation of oxygen Was less than 90% and partial pressure of carbon dioxide was greater than 50 mmHg in arterial blood of the dog model.These results showed mix respiratory failure occurred during intermittent positive pressure.Significant metabolic acidosis was induced by soman[pH(7.345±0.064)vs.(6.956±0.022),P<0.01].The concentralion of sodium ion and chloride ion in blood were changed gently.The concentrations of GTP,GOT,Cr,BUN,CK-MB and LDH were increased significantly(P<0.05),which showed multiple important organs including liver,kidney and heart were damaged by sornan.Conclusions The severe progressive circulatory failure induced by cholinesterase inhibitor sornan leads to the darnage of vital signs and important organs significantly.

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic mice and the relationship with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)/Bmal1 signaling pathway.Methods Healthy clean-grade male C57BL/6 mice were used in the study.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Thirty-six mice with diabetes mellitus after being fed for 8 weeks were divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),I/R group and I/R plus HDAC3 inhibitor group (group I/R-H).Cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h,followed by 24-h reperfusion in anesthetized mice.Specific HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 10 mg/kg was subcutaneously injected at 30 min before establishing the model in group I/R-H.Brain tissues were obtained at 24 h of reperfusion for microscopic examination and for determination of cerebral infarct size (by TTC),cell apoptosis (by TUNEL),activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (by colorimetric assay),expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and LC3B (by immunofluorescence),and expression of HDAC3,Bmal1,GSK-3β and p62 (by Western blot).Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the cerebral infarct size was significantly increased,the activities of SOD and ROS and content of MDA in brain tissues were decreased,the expression of Bmal1,p-GSK-3β and HDAC3 was down-regulated,and AI was increased in group I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/ R,the cerebral infarct size was significantly increased,the activities of SOD and ROS and content of MDA in brain tissues were increased,the expression of Bmall,p-GSK-3β,Beclin-1 and LC3B was up-regulated,AI was decreased,and the expression of HDAC3 and p62 was down-regulated in group I/R-H (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion HDAC3/Bmal1 signaling pathway exerts endogenous protective effect through activating autophagy and increasing the antioxidant capacity following cerebral I/R in diabetic mice.

Objective To compare the effects of different anesthetics on the recovery of neurologi-cal function after intracranial aneurysm embolization. Methods One hundred patients of both sexes with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, aged more than 18 yr, with body mass index of 18. 5-24. 0 kg∕m2 , of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ and WFNS grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ, with the thick-ness of subarachnoid hemorrhage more than 4 cm, were divided into 2 groups (n= 50 each) using a random number table: propofol group (group P) and sevoflurane group (group S). After anesthesia induction, group P received intravenous infusion of propofol 100-300 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while the end-tidal sevoflu-rane concentration was maintained at 1. 4％-3. 5％ in group S. Immediately before induction (T0 ), imme-diately after the end of induction (T1 ), immediately after successful embolization of aneurysm (T2 ) and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after surgery (T3-6 ), central venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma neuron-specific enolase and S100β protein concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The development of postoperative cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficit was recorded. The patients were followed up, and the Glasgow outcome score and occurrence of newly developed cerebral infarction were recorded within 6 months after surgery. Results There was no significant difference in the concentrations of plasma neuron-specific enolase and S100β protein at each time point, incidence of postop-erative cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficit, or Glasgow outcome score and inci-dence of newly developed cerebral infarction within 6 months after surgery between two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Propofol and sevoflurane exert no effect on the recovery of neurological function after intracra-nial aneurysm embolization.

Objective To investigate the relationships of the subsets and activation factors of pe-ripheral blood innate lymphocytes(ILCs)with postoperative intracranial infection in patients with hy-pertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods A total of 105 patients with postoperative intracranial infection(infection group)and 105 patients without infection(non-infection group)were selected as research subjects.The patients in the infection group were divided into mild infection group(n=33),moderate infection group(n=50)and severe infection group(n=22)according to the severity of postoperative intracranial infection.The patients in the infection group were divided into good prog-nosis group(n=53)and poor prognosis group(n=52)according to different outcomes.The subsets of ILCs(ILC1,ILC2,ILC3),interleukin(IL)-12,IL-33,IL-1 β levels in peripheral blood were compared among the groups.The correlation between each index and the severity of intracranial infec-tion and the predictive value of poor prognosis in infected patients were analyzed.Results Compared with the non-infection group,the levels of ILC2 and ILC3 in the infection group were reduced,while the levels of IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1β were increased(P＜0.05).The levels of ILC2 and ILC3 in infected patients decreased with the increase of infection severity,while the levels of IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β increased with the increase of infection severity(P＜0.05).The levels of ILC2 and ILC3 in patients with intracranial infection werenegatively correlated with the severity of infection(r=-0.721,-0.596,P＜0.001),while the levels of IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β were positively correlated with the severity of infection(r=0.576,0.483,0.553,P＜0.001).The combined pre-diction of peripheral blood ILC2,ILC3,IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β for poor prognosis in infected patients had a higher A UC(0.930)and specificity(84.91％)than each index alone.Conclusion The lev-els of peripheral blood ILC2,ILC3,IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β in patients with postoperative intracra-nial infection after hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage are associated with the severity of infec-tion.The combined detection of five indicators has a good predictive value for poor prognosis in in-fected patients.

Objective To investigate the relationships of the subsets and activation factors of pe-ripheral blood innate lymphocytes(ILCs)with postoperative intracranial infection in patients with hy-pertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods A total of 105 patients with postoperative intracranial infection(infection group)and 105 patients without infection(non-infection group)were selected as research subjects.The patients in the infection group were divided into mild infection group(n=33),moderate infection group(n=50)and severe infection group(n=22)according to the severity of postoperative intracranial infection.The patients in the infection group were divided into good prog-nosis group(n=53)and poor prognosis group(n=52)according to different outcomes.The subsets of ILCs(ILC1,ILC2,ILC3),interleukin(IL)-12,IL-33,IL-1 β levels in peripheral blood were compared among the groups.The correlation between each index and the severity of intracranial infec-tion and the predictive value of poor prognosis in infected patients were analyzed.Results Compared with the non-infection group,the levels of ILC2 and ILC3 in the infection group were reduced,while the levels of IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1β were increased(P＜0.05).The levels of ILC2 and ILC3 in infected patients decreased with the increase of infection severity,while the levels of IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β increased with the increase of infection severity(P＜0.05).The levels of ILC2 and ILC3 in patients with intracranial infection werenegatively correlated with the severity of infection(r=-0.721,-0.596,P＜0.001),while the levels of IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β were positively correlated with the severity of infection(r=0.576,0.483,0.553,P＜0.001).The combined pre-diction of peripheral blood ILC2,ILC3,IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β for poor prognosis in infected patients had a higher A UC(0.930)and specificity(84.91％)than each index alone.Conclusion The lev-els of peripheral blood ILC2,ILC3,IL-12,IL-33 and IL-1 β in patients with postoperative intracra-nial infection after hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage are associated with the severity of infec-tion.The combined detection of five indicators has a good predictive value for poor prognosis in in-fected patients.

To develop a novel polyamino acid-based nanohydrogel drug delivery system for dexamethasone to enhance its delivery efficiency to the inner ear.