0.05).Conclusion In ensuring the prerequisite of the image quality,using correct scanning technique can appropriately decrease the dose of contrast agents in coronary CTA examination.

Objective To explore virtual three-dimensional (3D)model for intravascular interventional devices,the method of preoperative simulation and its value in clinical work.MethodsThe virtual models including catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were established by using the 3D moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3. The interventional preoperative simulation was performed on personal computer including 21 patients of cerebral aneurysm embolization ( anterior communicating artery 5,posterior communicating artery 10,middle cerebral artery 3,internal carotid artery 2,and vertebral artery 1 ),during interventional procedures,the surgeon relied on the simulation results for plastic micro-guide wire,catheter and the release of micro-coils and stents.Results( 1 ) All the virtual instruments and real instruments had similar shape,the overall tine for constructing virtual model was about 20 hours.The preoperative simulation took 50 to 80 minutes. (2) The simulation result of catheter insertion in the 18 cases had relevant value to guide micro-catheter,molding micro-guide wire tip,and shortened the operating time.For embolization,the simulation results of filling coil and releasing stent were similar to surgical results in 76％ of the patients (16/21).(3)For teaching and training,93％ (38/41) of doctors in training believed that preoperative simulation facilitated the understanding of surgery. ConclusionsThe method of virtual model of intravascular interventional devices was reliable.The preoperative simulation results could be used to guide practical clinical operation with relatively high degree of similarity,and could play a role in promoting researches on interventional virtual operations.

BACKGROUND:The ankle joint is capable of flexion and extension, including plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, to act as a support and a lever. An ankle injury, often accompanied by fracture and ligament injury, seriously threatens the ankle joint function. Previous diagnosis of ankle injury mainly relied on clinical signs and X-ray examination. However, X-ray examination is not accurate enough for ankle injury diagnosis because it cannot clearly diagnose damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons and other soft tissues except for obvious fractures. Mutlisequence and multiplanar MRI is currently the optimal noninvasive method for high-resolution determination of soft tissue deformations, but little has been reported on the diagnostic accuracy of ankle ligament and tendon injury. OBJECTIVE:To observe the diagnostic value of MRI for ligament and tendon injury of the ankle in its normal position, and during complete plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. METHODS:It is a single-center, prospective, diagnostic trial that wil be completed at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China. Sixty cases were recruited, including 30 cases of normal ankle joint and 30 cases of ankle ligament and tendon injury. MRI scans of the ankle joint in normal position, complete plantar flexion and complete dorsiflexion were performed in al the cases, and the multi-position MRI results were compared. The primary outcome measure is the sensitivity of MRI to ligament and tendon injury of the ankle during complete plantar flexion. The secondary outcomes include the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of MRI to ligament and tendon injury of the ankle during the complete plantar position as wel as rate of correct diagnosis;specificity and sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio in normal position or during the complete dorsiflexion as wel as rate of correct diagnosis;the morphology of the ankle on the multi-position MRI. This study design was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (03049423) on February 8, 2017. This study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital of China (approval No. 2015076) and wil be performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Signed informed consent regarding trial procedure and treatment was obtained from each volunteer. DISCUSSION:This study aims to determine the rate of correct diagnosis of ankle ligament and tendon injury using the MRI, to clarify the diagnostic value of MRI for ankle ligament and tendon injury, and to provide a quantitative MRI diagnostic standard for developing a reasonable surgical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperoxygenated solution on myocardial injury in the rats with acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.Methods Thirty pathogen-free adult male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),acute CO poisoning group (ACP group),and different doses of hyperoxygenated solution groups (HP1-3 groups).CO 120 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally to establish the model of acute CO poisoning.Hyperoxygenated solution 10,15 and 20 ml/kg were infused via the caudal vein at 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of CO in HP1-3 groups,respectively.At 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of CO,blood samples were collected from the caudal vein for determination of plasma creatine kinase (CK),creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB),lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate acid dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) activities using the automatic biochemical analyzer.The rats were then sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for examination of the pathological changes with a light microscope.Results Compared with group C,the plasma LDH,α-HBDH,CK and CK-MB activities were significantly increased in ACP and HP1-3 groups (P＜0.01).Compared with group ACP,the plasma LDH,α-HBDH,CK and CK-MB activities were significantly decreased in HP1-3 groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group HP1,the plasma LDH,α-HBDH,CK and CK-MB activities were significantly decreased in HP2,3 groups (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of myocardium were significantly attenuated in HP1-3 groups as compared with group ACP.Conclusion Hyperoxygenated solution can attenuate myocardial injury in the rats with acute CO poisoning.

OBJECTIVEEven though phenylacetate (PA) bas been shown to inhibit the growth and induce differentiation in rat C6 glioma cell line, its mechanisms are still poorly understood. This study is aimed to identify which Hox gene is related to glioma and to observe the change in expression on mRNA level as treated by phenylasetate.

METHODSTwenty-two kinds of Hox gene were divided into 3 groups according to their primer sequence. Semiquantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate the mRNA expression of Hox gene groups and some Hox gene in rat C6 glioma cell line following differentiation induced by PA. The level of Hox gene expression was expressed as ratio expression rate (RER) of Hox gene/beta-actin according to computer image analysis and the difference between C6 cells and PA treated C6 cells was analyzed by student t-test.

RESULTSIt was found that Hox genes matching to primers P2 were mildly expressed in C6 cells and the expression of HoxB2 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in PA treated C6 cells (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe weak expression of HoxB2 may be involved in glioma origin and the mechanisms of PA action are correlated with transcription process in the glioma cells.

Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Genes, Homeobox ; genetics ; Glioma ; genetics ; pathology ; Phenylacetates ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate the effect of infiltration resin on masking white spot lesions by assessing the change in the white spot area. Methods Seventy-four maxillary anterior teeth with post-orthodontic decalcification teeth were investi-gated in this study. All teeth were treated with infiltration resin according to manufacturer recommendation. Standardized digital images were taken before, immediately after, and one week after treatment. The results were classified into three groups: com-pletely masked, partially masked and unchanged. The images of partially masked teeth were analyzed using an image analysis software. The size of the white spot lesion (W) and the whole-tooth facial surface (T) were measured, and the W︰T ratio(%) was calculated. Statistical evaluation of the lesions was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results Among the 74 teeth, 20 (27%) teeth were classified as completely masked and 54 (73%) teeth were classified as partially masked; no tooth was unchanged. The W︰T ratio significantly decreased from 39.28% before treatment to 9.46% after treat-ment (P<0.05). Conclusion Resin infiltration is an effective treatment for masking white spot lesion. However, the masking effect depends on the lesion depth and activity.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the indication, complication and efficacy of bronchial artery embolization for the management of lung cancer with massive hemoptysis.

METHODSThirty-eight cases of lung cancer with massive hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 1996 to January 2003. All cases presented with acute hemoptysis from 220 to 980 ml daily, with a mean of 290 ml daily. A digital subtracted bronchial arteriogram was perfomed and bleeding arteries were embolized.

RESULTSHemoptysis decreased gradually in all cases and ceased in 3 or 4 days after embolization. Recurrence was found only in one case 2 months after embolization and second embolization was applied to control hemoptysis. No serious complications occured.

CONCLUSIONSBronchial artery embolization is safe and efficient for the management of lung cancer with massive hemoptysis.

Purpose: Elder self-neglect is a global public health issue and should be taken seriously at large. Nurses,usually working directly with elderly patients, have a better understanding of what factors may causeelder self-neglect. In this qualitative study, we explored the influencing factors of elder self-neglect fromthe perception of nurses in the context of Chinese culture. Methods: Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted from November 2018 to December 2018.Purposive sampling was used. Twenty one participants recruited from eight geriatric wards of a generalhospital located in Wuhan were interviewed. A content analysis of qualitative nature was performed toanalyze the data. Results: Our conceptual model illustrated the findings based on the three themes of the conflict betweenpersonal recognition and social judgment, the choice between current needs and individual beliefs, aswell as the compromise between insufficient abilities and limited resources. Conclusion Nurses together with family members and social workers can help older adults improvetheir awareness of self-neglect to bridge the gap with social judgment, learn to focus on their own needs,as well as seek as much support as possible. Nurses should also respect the autonomy and selfdeterminationof elder self-neglecters because self-neglect is related to older adults' values. Furthermore,larger studies are needed to quantitatively test and refine the model.

Purpose: Elder self-neglect is a global public health issue and should be taken seriously at large. Nurses,usually working directly with elderly patients, have a better understanding of what factors may causeelder self-neglect. In this qualitative study, we explored the influencing factors of elder self-neglect fromthe perception of nurses in the context of Chinese culture. Methods: Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted from November 2018 to December 2018.Purposive sampling was used. Twenty one participants recruited from eight geriatric wards of a generalhospital located in Wuhan were interviewed. A content analysis of qualitative nature was performed toanalyze the data. Results: Our conceptual model illustrated the findings based on the three themes of the conflict betweenpersonal recognition and social judgment, the choice between current needs and individual beliefs, aswell as the compromise between insufficient abilities and limited resources. Conclusion Nurses together with family members and social workers can help older adults improvetheir awareness of self-neglect to bridge the gap with social judgment, learn to focus on their own needs,as well as seek as much support as possible. Nurses should also respect the autonomy and selfdeterminationof elder self-neglecters because self-neglect is related to older adults' values. Furthermore,larger studies are needed to quantitatively test and refine the model.

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of a functional polymorphism Val158Met of COMT gene and attention and executive function in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

METHODSTrail making test (TMT) and clinical performances were evaluated in 103 first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia and 99 healthy controls. Polymorphism of COMT Val158Met was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A general linear model was used to investigate the effect of genotype subgroups on the attention and executive function.

RESULTSThere was a significant difference between control subjects and patients with schizophrenia on the TMT-A and B. However, no significant difference among Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met on the TMT-A and B in control subjects and patients with schizophrenia was detected.

CONCLUSIONThe association among COMT Met variant and trail making testing (attention and executive function) has been replicated. However, no association of COMT Met variant with disruption of dopaminergic influence on neurocognitive function was detected. This may be due to the heterogeneity of population.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Attention ; physiology ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Executive Function ; physiology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Schizophrenia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Trail Making Test ; Young Adult