Side population cells (SPs) are selected by the efflux features of fluorescent dye Hoechst33342.SPs have the characteristics of cancer stem cells,and play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.At present,the SPs in common types of malignant tumor have been studied extensively at home and abroad.The study of SPs may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

The chemical constituents isolated from Desmodium species (Leguminosae) included terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids compounds. Modem pharmacological studies have showed that the Desmodium species have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, analgesic and choleretic activity. This article mainly has reviewed the research advances of chemical constituents and biological activities of Desmodium species since 2003.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Humans

Objective To explore the clinical value of renal dynamic imaging and urinary N-acetyl-?-D-glucosaminidase(NAG),apoptosis DNA fragment(ADF) in evaluating the damage degree of hydronephrotic kidneys(HnK) in children with hydronephrosis.Methods Level of glomerular filtration rate(GFR) was detected in 41 children with congenital hydronephrosis by renal dynamic imaging,and urine NAG,ADF in pelvis in HnK and healthy kidneys (as controls) were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay(ELISA).Patholo-gic changes of HnK in 41 children were graded intoⅠ~Ⅴ according to Elder standard. And GFR,urinary NAG and ADF of HnK were divi-ded into subgroup according to pathologic changes ,at the same time statistical analysis was performed within each groups. And the correlations of pathologic grades with GFR,urinary NAG and ADF of HnK were analyzed.Results 1.Kindneys GFR in healthy kidneys and Hnk were (174.33?20.43)?10-3 L/min,(143.86?17.51)?10-3 L/min respectinely,and there was significant difference between healthy kidneys and Hnk (P0.05).3.There was significant negative correlation between GFR levels of HnK and pathologic grades(r=-0.814 P0.05).Conclusions For hydronephrotic kidneys,urinary NAG can eva-luate impaired nephric tubule whereas renal dynamic imaging may evaluate the damage level of glomeruli;urine ADF may not indicate the damage level of diseased kidneys in children with congenital hydronephrosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of half circle external fixation for the treatment of open tibial fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to March 2011, 94 patients with open tibiofibula fractures were treated by closed manipulative or Kirschner-wire poking reduction with half circle groove external fixation including 63 males and 31 females with an average age of 39 years old ranging from 17 to 65 years old. Among these patients, 5 cases were cross shaped fractures, 19 were oblique form and spiral fractures, 70 cases were comminuted fractures. According to the fracture Gustilo classification, 49 cases were type IIIA, 45 were type IIIB. The incidence of wound infection, fracture healing time were observed. The function was evaluated according to the Johner-Wruhs standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 14 to 63 months (averaged 29 months). The wound healing time was from 16 to 39 weeks (means 21.4 weeks). No fracture nonunion, osteomyelitis and calf compartment syndrome occurred. The wounds of 81 cases were healed at the first period,deep wound infection occurred in 2 cases. According to the function Johner-Wruhs evaluation criteria:the result was excellent in 52 cases, good in 37 cases, fair in 5 cases.

CONCLUSIONClosed manipulative or Kirschner-wire poking reduction and half circle groove external fixation can reduce the infection rate of open tibiofibula fractures. For open tibiofibula comminuted fractures, after the half circle groove external fixation for 3 to 6 weeks, a middle Kirschner-wire was removed according to fracture end healing situation to make fixation dynamic and promote fracture healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Wires ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

Molecular identification of Chinese traditional medicine has come from laboratory research into application, but there are some misunderstandings and problems emerging after rapid development. In this paper, we discuss the usage principle, hot field and technology innovation in molecular identification of Chinese traditional medicine. And molecular identification of traditional Chinese medicine has scientific and objective basis, follows the certain systematic research background, and adopts practical principles to establish case by case multi-class identification system. In order to achieve rapid, on-site, high throughput, low cost of traditional Chinese medicine identification purpose, molecular identification technology is further developing for meet the actual needs and the laboratory results further transformation in the service of traditional Chinese medicine industry.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control

BACKGROUNDDicycloplatin is a relatively safe third generation platinum-complex anti-cancer drug. The present study focused on the effects of dicycloplatin on in vitro proliferation and apoptosis of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC).

METHODSProliferation of HASMC and HAEC, DNA content, and cellular levels of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins were assessed using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting assays, respectively.

RESULTSDicycloplatin at 10 ng/ml significantly inhibited HASMC proliferation, however, 10 µg/ml were required to significantly inhibit HAEC proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed that dicycloplatin was a non-specific inhibitor of the cell cycle. Although dicycloplatin significantly decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in HASMC at all concentrations tested, it did not significantly affect PCNA expression in HAEC; Bax and p53 protein expression was upregulated in dicycloplatin groups.

CONCLUSIONSDicycloplatin at nanogram concentrations significantly inhibits HASMC proliferation, although the effect is relatively weaker than that of sirolimus. In contrast, the effect of dicycloplatin on inhibition of HAEC proliferation is much less pronounced than that on HASMC. The latter characteristics point to the potential for use of dicycloplatin in drug-eluting stents.

Aorta ; cytology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Glutamates ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; drug effects ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology

Humans ; Forensic Pathology

Abstract: Objective　This paper aims to explore the effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on the sensitivity of tuberculin skin test(TST), and to provide reference for tuberculin skin test in the future. Methods　TST and emergency varicella vaccine were administered to students in grade one of a high school in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, who had both TB and varicella cases. Independent-samples t test was used to analyze the mean diameter of induration of TST in day 0, day 83 and day 195. The retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on TST. 　　Results　The mean induration diameter of 45 students who participated in three TST tests on day 0, day 83 and day 195 were analyzed by independent sample t test. On day 0, there was a difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups(1.630±2.837 vs 5.818±4.530) (t=-3.692, P=0.001). On day 83, there was no difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the two groups(0.001±0.001 vs 0.114±0.533) (t=-1.000, P=0.329). On day 195, there was a difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the two groups(1.913±3.774 vs 5.023±5.126) (t=-2.309, P=0.026). Moreover, the retrospective cohort study showed that the mean diameter of TST induration changed more significantly after inoculation with varicella vaccine, RR=6.071, 95%CI (1.667-22.116), P<0.05; After inoculation with varicella vaccine, the mean diameter of TST test did not change significantly from day 0 to day 195 with no statistical significance RR=3.474, 95%CI (0.333-36.240), P>0.05. Conclusions　Live attenuated varicella vaccine may temporarily affect the sensitivity of tuberculin skin test.

Aim Study the interaction between metho-trexate and levetiracetam after oral administration and hepatorenal toxicity in rats, to provide theoretical basis for the clinical rational use of two drugs. Methods Male SD rats ( 250 ± 20 ) g were selected as experi-mental animals. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( 1 mg·kg-1methotrexate group, 180 mg· kg-1 levetiracetam group, combined group), 5 rats in each group. The following experiment was carried out:(1) pharmacokinetic parameters study; (2) renal ex-cretion study; (3) liver and kidney toxicity study. All samples were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC/MS/MS) . Results After the combination of two drugs, the Cmax, AUC0-t and Tmax of methotrexate in-creased, T1/2, Cl and MRT of methotrexate decreased, the differences was statistically significant. The Tmax, T1/2, Cl, MRT of levetiracetam had a certain upward trend, AUC0-t had a certain downward trend, the differences has no statistically significant. After combi-nation of two drugs, the renal excretion of methotrexate increased significantly, the renal excretion of levetirac-etam decreased significantly and hepatorenal toxicity increased significantly. Conclusion After combina-tion of two drugs by oral administration, Levetiracetam significantly increased methotrexate absorption in rats. Levetiracetam increased the plasma concentration and renal excretion of methotrexate and caused hepatorenal toxicity significantly. It is suggested that dose adjust-ment is necessary for combination of two drugs.

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Chinese population has been increasing by years, directly leading to an average annual growth rate of 19.90% of medical expenditure. Therefore, it is urgent to work on strategies to control the growth of medical expenditure on type 2 diabetes on the basis of the reality of China. Therefore, in this study, we explored the feasibility of implementing bundled payment in China through analyzing bundled payment standards of type 2 diabetes outpatient services.

METHODSThis study analyzed the outpatient expenditure on type 2 diabetes with Beijing Urban Employee's Basic Medical Insurance from 2010 to 2012. Based on the analysis of outpatient expenditure and its influential factors, we adopted decision tree approach to conduct a case-mix analysis. In the end, we built a case-mix model to calculate the standard expenditure and the upper limit of each combination.

RESULTSWe found that age, job status, and whether with complication were significant factors that influence outpatient expenditure for type 2 diabetes. Through the analysis of the decision tree, we used six variables (complication, age, diabetic foot, diabetic nephropathy, cardiac-cerebrovascular disease, and neuropathy) to group the cases, and obtained 11 case-mix groups.

CONCLUSIONSWe argued that it is feasible to implement bundled payment on type 2 diabetes outpatient services. Bundled payment is effective to control the increase of outpatient expenditure. Further improvements are needed for the implementation of bundled payment reimbursement standards, together with relevant policies and measures.

Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; economics ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; standards ; Humans ; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients