In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fingerprint analysis of Marsdenia tenacissima samples was used to develop a reliable method of tracing the geographical origins. Forty-eight samples from four provinces of China were analyzed by FTIR. We analyzed and characterized the fingerprints in both the full spectrum peaks and characteristic peaks, then the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis were carried out. The results of fingerprint analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis can identify the geographic origins correctly, which verified and supplemented each other; the identification results and the actual location showed a high degree of consistency, namely the lower the space distance, the greater the similarity of different samples. These results revealed the obvious superiority and practical value in comparison to the more tedious and time-consuming wet chemistry method normally used. Using appropriate metrology methods can trace the geographical source correctly. The M. tenacissima materials from the region of Maguan should be considered as genuine medicinal materials taking into account the good quality.
China ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; classification ; standards ; Geography ; Marsdenia ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

Gray relational analysis is employed to analyze the effects of nano-drug features on phagocytosis of macrophages, including zeta potential, shape factor and scale size of drug particle, the correlation among such factors and macrophage cell is calculated. The results showed that the internalization processe is affected significantly by the zeta potential of the drug in the process of phagocytosis of macrophages, followed by the impact particle shape, and the effect of particle scale behaves relatively small.
Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Humans ; Macrophages ; cytology ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Phagocytosis

Objective To study the effect of misoprostol used to intenerate cervix and ease pain in hys- teroscopy.Methods 380 cases were divided into two groups randomly;260 cases of them were placed misoprostol 200?g in vagina 2 hours before hysteroscopy and 120 cases treated without drugs served as control.The diameter of cerical,hemorrhage,the rate of PAAS and bellyache were observed.Results The diameter of cerical,hemorrhage. the rare of PAAS and bellyache in the group of misoprostol were lower than those in the group of antitheses(P

Objective To explore the relationship between X - linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDL) gene escaping X chromosome inactivation( XCI) and SEDL phenotype. Methods RT - PCR was performed on total RNA which was isolated from blood samples of patients, female carriers and controls. Patients and female carriers were selected from the pedigree with SEDL caused by the mutation (IVS2 - 2A→C) of the gene. cDNA was analyzed by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis(PAGE). Results PAGE data indicateed that female carriers expressed both normal and mutant SEDL mRNA,meaning the SEDL gene escaping XCI. Family investigation showed carrier females in the SEDL pedigree presented no symptoms. Conclusions The SEDL gene escaping X chromosome in-activation is firstly identified from human body. This may explain that carrier females present no symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of pretreatment and posttreatment changes of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in predicting response to chemoembolization in liver cancer.

METHODSPatients with liver cancer were examined with diffusion-weighted MRI at two b values (0 and 500 s/mm(2)) before and after chemoemblization. Quantitative ADC maps were calculated using images under b values of 0 and 500 s/mm(2). The mean ADC values of lesions before and after chemoemblization were compared. The correlation of response to chemoembolization with ADC value was analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean value of pretreatment ADC in non-responding lesions were significantly higher than that in the responding lesions (1.687 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s vs. 1.278 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, P < 0.05). The results of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that when a threshold ADC value was set on 1.618 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, the sensitivity and specificity for identification of non-responding lesions were 96.0% and 77.8%, respectively. After transarterial chemoembolization, the responding lesions had a significant increase in ADC values than non-responding lesions (32.6% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.025). The results of ROC analysis indicated that when the changes of ADC value for identification of responding lesions before and after transarterial chemoembolization was > or = 16.2%, the sensitivity and specificity were 72% and 100%, respectively. However, no significant change was observed in normal liver parenchyma and spleen (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPretreatment mean ADC value can be used to predict the response to chemoembolization, and for selection of therapy in liver cancer. A significant increase in mean ADC can be observed if the lesions responds to chemoembolization.

Adult ; Aged ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Epirubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Iodized Oil ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; therapeutic use ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the curative effect and surgical skills of reconstruction intramedullary nailing for ipsilateral fractures of shaft of femur and hip.

METHODSFifteen patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft and hip fractures from June 2002 to June 2008 were treated with reconstruction intramedullary nails. All of them were male with an average age of 45 years (range,34-85 years). According to the Winquist-Hansen classification, there were 2 type I, 6 type II, 2 type III, and 2 type IV shaft fractures. Hip fractures consisted of 7 intertrochanteric and 8 (53.3%) neck fractures. According to Garden's classification, 1 femoral neck fracture was type I, 3 were type II, 2 were type III and 2 were type IV.

RESULTSAll of the patients were followed up for an average of 30.9 months (range, 12 to 55 months). Due to other combined severe injuries, operations were delayed for 1-14 days (average is 5 days). Delayed union of femoral shaft occurred in 1 case; nonunion of femoral shaft occurred in 2 cases. Nonunion of femoral neck occurred in 1 and coxa vara occurred in 1. Hip fractures healed in 14 (93.3%) patients, and shaft fractures healed in 13 (86.7%)patients. The average union time was 4 months (range, 2-6 months) for the hip fractures and 5.5 months (range, 4-9 months) for the shaft fractures. No femoral head osteonecrosis, wound infection or shortening more than 2 cm occurred. Functional results using Friedman-Wyman criteria were good in 13 cases, fair in 1 case, and poor in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONReconstruction intramedullary nails can provide biological fixation of both fractures with fewer complications, and is an effective device to treat this kind of combined fractures.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femur ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical effects of posterior short-segment fixation with undermining decompress by posterior ligament complex for the treatment of upper lumbar burst fractures.

METHODSFrom October 2010 to March 2013,23 patients with upper lumbar burst fractures (Denis B type) were treated by posterior short-segment fixation with undermining decompress by posterior ligament complex. There were 18 males and 5 females aged from 26 to 64 years old with an average of 45.7 years old. Twelve patients were caused by falling down, 5 cases were caused by traffic accident, 4 cases were the bruise injury caused by heavy object and 2 cases were caused by other injury. Fourteen patients were L1 fracture and 9 patients were L2 fracture. Thirteen patients were combined with nerve injuries (degree D according to ASIA classification). Internal fixation were removed from 12 to 20 months with an average of 14.3 months. JOA scores and imaging changes were recorded and compared at different time points.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 18 to 24 months with an average of 20.4 months. Thirteen patients with nerve injuries were completely recovered at 3 to 6 months after operation. JOA score at 1 year after operation was 20.63 ± 0.92, and 20.38 ± 1.06 at 3 months after removal of internal fixation,which were improved obviously than 9.90 ± 2.73 at 3 months after operation. (P > 0.05) Anterior height of injured vertebrae, vertebral body angle and local Cobb angle was (95.0 ± 0.53)%, (2.78 ± 1.36) and (2.43 ± 1.52) °respectively, and improved obviously than that of before operation (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in JOA scores at 3 months after removal of internal fixation and 1 year after operation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONposterior short-segment fixation with undermining decompress by posterior ligament complex for the treatment of upper lumbar burst fractures has advantages of minimally invasive, could effective recover vertebrae height, maintain stability of spine, decrease low back pain. It is a safe and effective operative method.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

BACKGROUNDEpidural lidocaine can be used when regional anesthesia needs to be established quickly, but the effect of co-administering epidural fentanyl on the minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) of lidocaine is not known. We compared the MLAC of epidural lidocaine in combination with different doses of fentanyl for epidural anesthesia in adults.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty patients requiring epidural analgesia were randomly allocated to receive 20 ml of one of four solutions: lidocaine, or lidocaine plus fentanyl 1 µg/ml, 2 µg/ml, or 3 µg/ml. The first patient in each group was administered 1% lidocaine weight by volume; subsequent patients received a concentration determined by the response of the previous patient to a higher or lower concentration according to up and down sequential allocation in 0.1% increments. Efficacy was assessed using a visual analog pain scale, and accepted if this was = 10 mm on a 100 mm scale within 30 minutes. The extent of motor block and of nausea and vomiting were recorded at 30 minutes after administration of the epidural solution and two hours after surgery, respectively.

RESULTSThe MLAC of lidocaine in those receiving lidocaine alone was 0.785% (95%CI 0.738 - 0.864). A significant dose-dependent reduction was observed with the addition of fentanyl: the MLAC of lidocaine with fentanyl at 2 µg/ml was 0.596% (95%CI 0.537 - 0.660) and 0.387% with fentanyl at 3 µg/ml (95%CI 0.329 - 0.446, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONEpidural fentanyl significantly reduces the dose of lidocaine required for effective epidural analgesia in adults without causing adverse side effects.

Adult ; Analgesia, Epidural ; methods ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Fentanyl ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Fistula ; surgery ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery

Adhesives ; chemistry ; Benzene ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; Hexanes ; analysis ; Toluene ; analysis ; Trichloroethylene ; analysis

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a family of epigenetic regulators responsible for the repression of genes in proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. PcG protein complex consists of two important epigenetic regulators: PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) and PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2). In order to further understand the functions of PcG proteins in stem cell growth and differentiation, we review the PcG protein composition, PcG protein localization in the target gene, PcG protein recruitment, and the functions of PcG proteins in the development of stem cells.
Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism