P2X7 receptors,belonging to purinergic P2 receptor family,are ATP-gated cation channels,which can choose the bivalent cations freely.P2X7 receptors join in cell signal conduction and the excretion of the cytokines and other physical functions.In recent years,researchers have discovered P2X7 receptors mediate the cells to live and grow by increasing oxidation and phosphorylation and intracellular ATP reserve.In breast cancer,the P2X7 receptors express abnormally,and can activate the MAPK lied in cytoplasm.The phosphorylated MAPK enter the nucleus and activates a series of protein kinases,and then affects the genesis and development of breast cancer.

For the past few years,lumbar sagittal curvature is increasingly recognized as a critical parameter in spine surgery.It has become evident that good clinical outcome in the spine surgery requires proper lumbar sagittal curvature.With the development of recognization of lumbar sagittal curvature,many new ways and views have been found in measure and recovery sagittal alignments.The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a review of the past year's published literature involving lumbar sagittal curvature.

Programmed death1 (PD-1) is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cell. The combination between PD-1 and its legends PD-L1/PD-L2 activate downstream signaling pathways and negatively regulate T cell activation. Ab?normal increase expression of PD-L1 on tumor cell surface mediates the tumor immune escape. Inhibition of PD-1 signaling pathway contributes to antitumor effect of T cells. The development of this pathway inhibitors has become a hot spot for tu?mor immunotherapy. This article expounds the progress about antitumor effects mediated by PD-1 pathway inhibition from experiments in vivo or in vitro and clinical development of PD-1 pathway inhibitors, providing a new target for cancer immu?notherapy and theoretical and clinical basis for the clinical application of immunotherapy with traditional therapy methods.

Nuclear factor E2 related factor Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factors involved in a variety of protein expression. As a center of oxidative stress regulation, it combines with antioxidant components (antioxidant responsive element, ARE) and activates downstream multiple anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying enzyme protein expression. This signaling pathway is involved in the development of inflammation, tumor and other pathological process. This review describes the basic structure, biological effects and signaling pathways of Nrf2, summarizes the latest progress about mechanisms of factors, which are involved in the positive and negative regulations of signal pathway, providing a new target for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor biochemical treatment. Based on these, the paper also looks forward to applicating bioinformatics technology and providing better prospects for the development of target intervention.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common complication of pregnancy, which affects 2%fertile women. A recent research has found that high level of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) can reduce the occurrence risk of early RPL. TAFI is one kind of carboxypeptidase, which can be activated as TAFIa. TAFIa can make the fibrinolysin lose its working site, which can interact with the fibrin to play a role in the regulation of fibrinolysis and the inhibition of throm?bus formation. The damage of fibrinolytic system is one of the risk factors for the occurrence of RPL in pregnant women, which has become one of the hotspots in the medical profession. In this paper, recent literature on TAFI and its relationship with recurrent pregnancy loss has been reviewed, hoping for new ways and clues in clinical treatment and prevention of RPL.

The report presents a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in parotid gland misdiagnosed as parotid gland cyst with hemor-rhage.Based on the literature review,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of autogenous coronoid process reengineering condylar arthroplasty with simultaneous genioplasty for the correction of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)ankylosis accompanying micrognathia.Methods 21 cases of TMJ ankylosis with micrognathia from July 2003 to January 2012 were treated by autogenous coronoid process re-engineering condylar arthroplasty with simultaneous genioplasty.The follow-up period was 24 months to 8 years.TMJ function, mouth opening,occlusion,facial contour and the imaging manifestations were evaluated.Results After observation of follow-up,19 cases were improved obviously in the mandibular movement and mouth opening.Two cases had the recurrence of TMJ ankylosis. The facial appearance in all cases was significantly improved compared with before operation and the occlusal relationship had no large change compared with before operation.The coracoid process and mandibular ramus reached bone union with good reconstruc-tion by the panoramic radiographs.Compared with preoperation;the cephalometric results showed that the facial contour and process had statistical differences between postoperation and preoperation(P <0.05).Conclusion Autogenous coronoid process re-engineering condylar arthroplasty with simultaneous genioplasty can treat TMJ ankylosis accompanying micrognathia.

Urotensin-Ⅱ is a vasoactive 'somatestatin-like' cyclic peptide. Recently, human urotensin-Ⅱ has been cloned and demonstrated to be the most potent vasoconstrictor identified so far. The receptor of urotensin-Ⅱ has now been identified as the orphan receptor GPR 14 . This peptide may influence cardiovarscular homeostasis, pathology and also influence respiratory system, central nervous system and endocrine function.

Objective To detect the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at varied levels in pregnancy maternal serum and cord serum of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on pregnancy outcomes, and explore whether IGF-1 could be used as a diagnostic marker for PCOS. Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, pregnancy maternal and cord serums were collected from 120 PCOS patients and 120 normal pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of our hospital. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IGF-1, and analyze the levels of IGF-1 in different pregnancy outcomes between normal pregnant women and PCOS patients. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of IGF-1 in pregnancy maternal and cord blood were increased significantly in patients with PCOS (P< 0.05). The incidence of stillbirth, premature delivery and macrosomia was significantly higher in PCOS patients. The levels of IGF-1 in pregnancy maternal and cord serum were significantly higher in all PCOS patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion IGF-1 could be used as a risk prediction marker for pregnancy outcome in patients with PCOS.

Abnormal endothelial growth factor receptor transportion was involved in the development of tumor so more and more researches focus it as a target of anti-tumor therapy. Based on the known mechanism in EGFR mis-localization this review summarized the latest research progress in the abnormality in signal of EGFR transportation and its role in tumori?genesis, anti-tumor drug and therapy that target to EGFR. It is aim to provide reference for the development of anti-tumor treatments which target EGFR and for the mechanism in resistance of anti-tumor.