Objective To investigate the etiology and prognostic factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients . Methods The clinical data of children patients with AKI in this hospital ,including the clinical features ,causes and outcomes ,were retrospectively analyzed .The relationship between the risk factors and prognosis was analyzed .Results Infants were dominated by the prerenal factors and the other age groups were dominated by the renal factors .The univariate analysis revealed that the AKI stage ,etiology ,mechanical ventilation ,sepsis/septic shock ,MODS ,acidosis ,creatinine initial value ,creatinine peak value and serum potassium were the factors affecting prognosis .The Logistic regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation ,MODS and sep-sis/septic shock were the independent risk factors affecting prognosis .Conclusion The etiology of AKI in children is diverse and its distribution has the age characteristics .Mechanical ventilation ,MODS and sepsis/septic shock are the independent risk factors af-fecting prognosis .The early diagnosis and the active treatment conduces to improve prognosis .

Objective To determine if fetal stem cells can enter the maternal circulation during pregnancy and re-pair the injuries of maternal heart.Methods C57 female mice at the age of 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups:sham control, surgery without pregnancy, and surgery with pregnancy ( n=8,eath group) .The control sham group was developed by opening and closing of the chest.The other two groups underwent heart surgery.The myocardial infarc-tion ( MI) model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Half of the surgical mice mated with e-GFP transgenic male mice, and another half group was not.Electrocardiogram ( ECG) and echocardiographic images were recorded at pre-operation, post-operation and postpartum.The collected data were used to evaluate the heart function. The GFP expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and q-PCR.Results When compared with the sham group, both the ischemia surgery groups with and without pregnancy, the ECG ST segment was significantly increased.This meas-urement indicated that the myocardial ischemia surgery was successful, and no significant difference in the ST segments be-tween two ischemia surgery groups was found.However, when ECG was measured in the surgical mice after postpartum, their myocardial ischemia was dramatically improved when compared with that of the ischemia surgery only mice.Echocar-diographic images also indicated that both the surgery groups had myocardial ischemia, however, no significant difference was observed in the pregnant mice before and after postpartum.The order of the cardiac function indexes from high to low was the sham group, surgery with pregnancy group, and surgery with no pregnancy group;in particular, the cardiac func-tion of pregnancy group was significantly enhanced compared with that of the surgery with no pregnancy group (P<0.05). More importantly, both immunofluorescence and q-PCR results showed that the embryonic stem cell translocation through circulation system with GFP expression in the heart of pregnancy group, while negative in other two groups.Conclusions Embryonic stem cells can be transferred into the maternal circulation of pregnant mice, and play a role in the repairing of their cardiac injuries.

AIM: To manufacture recombinant protein of the highly conserved domain in human bone morphogenetic protein-1(BMP-1) using gene engineering methods as antigen for making wide spectrum antibody to BMP-1. METHODS: We analyzed the gene sequences and protein structures of BMP-1 and its related proteins, and chose a highly conserved fragment as target gene. Total RNA was prepared from human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2, then the target gene was amplified with RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pMAL c2 to get recombinant vector BMP-1(322-588aa)-pMAL c2. After transforming the recombinant plasmid into DH5-alpha and screening, several prositive clones were got for sequencing. Finally the transformed cells was induced with IPTG to get fusion protein. RESULTS: The BMP-1 gene fragment was successfully cloned into vector pMAL c2, and was able to express efficiently with IPTG inducement. The amount of expressed fusion protein is about 66%-72% in total volume of bacterial proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant protein contains several key domains(2 CUB domains and 1 EGF domain), which are shared by BMP-1 and its related proteins. Specific wide spectrum antibody to human BMP-1 and its related proteins may be generated with this recombinant protein antigen.

From August 2007 to April 2011,hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n =40),paraHCC tissues (n =10),seminoma (n =10) and cavernous hemangioma (n =10) were selected.And the method of immunohistochemical streptavidin-perosidase was applied to detect the protein expression of Nanog.The expression ratios of Nanog were 17/40 (42％),1/10,0/10 and 5/5 in HCC,para-HCC tissues,seminoma and cavernous hemangioma respectively.Its expression showed no significant correlation with the patient gender,age,serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP),hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg),differentiation,Child grade and TNM stage ( P ＞ 0.05 ).It may be used as a surface marker of liver cancer stem cell.

Aim To study the effect of tubeimosides on human rectal cancer cell line SW480 in vitro and the mechanisms of its antitumor effect.Method The morphological changes were determined by means of light microscopy and electron microscopy respectively.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry through Annexin V assay and PI fluorescent staining methods.The protein levels of Bc1-2,p53 and Fas were determined using immunohistochemical technique.Results Apparent morphological characteristic of apoptosis was detected under the optical and electric microscope.The percentage of apoptotic cell increased when comparing the drug groups with control after treatment with tubeimoside Ⅰand Ⅲ.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed apoptosis was and induced by tubeimosides through inhibiting Bcl-2 and p53,and upregulating Fas.Conclusion Tubeimosides can induce apoptosis of SW480 cells,which may be one reasons of its antitumor effects.

Objective To obtain a lasting and purified cell line of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by primary culture, and to provide these test materials related research. Methods The primary and transfer culture was done by tissue - piece inoculationand trypsin digestion,respectively. The cells were frozen in liquid nitrogen,and cultured cells were identified by phase contrast microscopy and immunohistochemical SP kit. Results 85% of inoculated tissue pieces survived. More than 90% of VSMCs regrew in transfered culture. The frozen cells could recover their proliferation by several culture transfers. The VSMCs showed the typical "peak and valley" characteristics under microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining with antibody against SM - a - actin expression in these cells was positive. Conclusion The tissue - piece inoculation is a simple method for obtaining satisfactory VSMCs in short term.

Objective To observe the preventive and therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation on mammary hyperplasia in rats. Methods Rat models of experimental mammary hyperplasia were established by intramuscular injection of estrogen and a small quantity of progestin. Two weeks after modeling, the rats were treated with Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation. Before and after the treatment, mammary diameter of the second nipples were measured, serum concentrations of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) were determined by radioimmunoassay,pathological changes of mammary hyperplasia were examined under microscope,and the rate of mammary hyperplasia was measured. Results Chinese herbal medicine film markedly inhibited experimental mammary hyperplasia in rats,and the rate of mammary hyperplasia were 23.4 %in medicine film group and 20.9 %in medicine film µwave irradiation group respectively. Medicine film regulated the concentrations of estrogen and progestin,reduced the level of PRL and alleviated the pathological severity of mammary hyperplasia obviously. Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation have certain preventive and therapeutic effect on mammary hyperplasia in rats.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)can interact with and exploit the host cellular machinery to replicate and propagate itself.Numerous studies have shown that the Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathway can positively regulate the replication of HIV-1,but exactly how each MAPK pathway affects HIV-1 infection and replication is not understood.In this study,we used the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)pathway inhibitor,PD98059,the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway inhibitor,SP600125,and the p38 pathway inhibitor,SB203580,to investigate the roles of these pathways in HIV-1replication.We found that application of PD98059 results in a strong VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1NL4-3 luciferase reporter virus and HIV-1NL4-3 virus inhibition activity.In addition,SB203580 and SP600125 also elicited marked VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1NL4-3 luciferase reporter virus inhibition activity but no HIV-1NL4-3 virus inhibition activity.We also found that SB203580 and SP600125 can enhance the HIV-1 inhibition activity of PD98059when cells were treated with all three MAPK pathway inhibitors in combination.Finally,we show that HIV-1virus inhibition activity of the MAPK pathway inhibitors was the result of the negative regulation of HIV-1 LTR promoter activity.

Objective To observe the changes and significance of blood fat and myocardial enzymes in patients with hypothyroid myopathy before and after substitutional treatment.Methods The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C,AST, LDH, HBDH and CKMB were detected in 72 cases with hypothyroid myopathy patients before and after substitutional treatment and 60 healthy controls. Results The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in hypothyroid myopathy patients before substitutional treatment were significantly higher than those in control group ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ), and then significantly low after treatment,which had no significant difference with control group( all P ＞0. 05). The levels of AST,LDH,HBDH and CKMB in hypothyroid myopathy patients before substitutional treatment were significantly higher than those in control group( all P ＜ 0. 05 ) ,and then significantly low after treatment,which had no significant difference with control group( all P ＞0. 05). Conclusion The levels of blood fat and myocardial enzymes were significantly increased in hypothyroid myopathy patients, and recovery to normal after substitutional treatment.

Objectives To observe the clinical efficacy of combined treatment with montelukast and intranasal steroid for chronic adenoid hypertrophy in children. Methods 47 children with chronic adenoid hypertrophy were selected and ran-domly divided into drug combination group (n=23) treated with montelukast combined with intranasal steroids for two months and control group (n=24) treated with intranasal steroids only for two months. Clinical efficacy was compared between two groups by clinical score and the result of fibronasopharyngoscopy. Results The clinical scores were 0 (0, 1.0) and 0(0, 0) at 2 weeks and 2 months after treatment in combination group, and 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) and 0 (0, 1.0) in control group. There were sig-nificant differences between two groups (Z=2.404, P<0.05;Z=2.069, P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical efficacy of combined treatment with Montelukast and intranasal steroid is better than that of treatment with intranasal steroid only in children with chronic adenoid hypertrophy.