Background Researches have demonstrated that ocular hypertension induces the ischemia-reperfusion of retina and further leads to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells,but its mechanism is beyond understanding.Objective The present study aims to observe the effects of static pressure on the morphology,proliferation activity and viability of cultured retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) and evaluate the expression of ET-1 and NO in these cells under variant static pressure.Methods RMECs were isolated from 30 healthy Wistar rats and cultured using explant culture method by Ⅷ factor antibody and PECAM-1 antibody.The static pressure of 1.33kPa,2.67kPa,5.33kPa and 10.67kPa was used in culture bottle respectively.The RMECs without static pressure were used as normal control group.The morphology of RMECs under the different static pressure was observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy,and the number of RMECs was counted using the counting plate.Cellular viability was studied by trypan blue staining.The changes of ET-1 and NO_2~-/NO_3~-,two metabolic products of NO,in the medium were detected by radioimmunoassay and Griess's nitrate reductase method.The expression of ET-1,eNOS and iNOS mRNA in RMECs was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR 24 hours after treatment of variant static pressure.Results Cultured RMECs sticked well at 24 hours and reached to confluence at 48 hours and showed the red fluorescence for Ⅷ factor antibody and PECAM-1 antibody.Enlargement of nuclei,extenders of cell bodies and suspension of RMECs in medium were observed.The number of RMECs was gradually increased.The cell viability was reduced with the raise of static pressure among these four groups(F=12.205,P＜0.01;F=11.180,P＜0.01).The static pressure increased the content of ET-1 released by RMECs in 2.67kPa,5.33kPa and 10.67kPa of static pressure groups,and concentrations of NO_2~-/NO_3~- in the medium showed a significant increase in 5.33kPa and 10.67kPa of static pressure groups compared with normal and 1.33kPa of static pressure groups(P＜0.01).The expressions of ET-1 mRNA,eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA were considerably enhanced in 5.33kPa and 10.67kPa of static pressure groups compared with normal control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Raised static pressure causes the alteration of RMGCs structure and morphology.Static pressure could upregulate the expressions of ET-1,eNOS and iNOS mRNA in RMECs and increase the release of ET-1 and NO.This pathway might be one of pathologic mechanisms of retinal injury induced by high intraocular pressure.

Objective To explore the microcosmic mechanism of pingyangmycin treating infantile proliferating capillary hemangiomas so as to find the optimal method for hemangiomas′ treatment.Methods Sixty samples of infantile proliferating hemangiomas were divided into control group(30 cases,aged from 2 days to 6 months) and experimental group(30 cases,aged from 2 to 6 months).Pingyangmycin was made into emulsion and smeared on the surfaces of the leision in experimental group with 3 times every day as well as only matrix in control group.The specimens were resected on d7,then made into pathological slices and electron microscope slices in order to observe the cells microcosmic structure changes and ultrastructure changes.Furthermore,the apoptotic indexes of two groups were detected by the molecular biology method(TUNEL test).Results The number of apoptotic cells were lower in control group(apoptotic index 18.87?13.67)but higher apparently in experimental group(apoptotic index 29.52?15.33).The difference between two groups was significant(t=2.842 P

Objective To provide the anatomical data for single-nostril transsphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma.Methods Microanatomic structures were observed and measured in 20 cadaveric a- dults heads.Results(1)The diaphragmal opering was 5 mm or greater broad in 90%.The mean thick- ness of the diaphragma sellae was (0.18?0.08)mm.(2) A sphenoid sinus with complete pneumatization was named as all-sellae type,its percentage in all specimens was 85%,85% sphenoid sinus had middle sep- tum of which only 18.8% located in the medial sagital section.(3)The meant thickness of the sellar floor was (0.81?0.34) mm,70% of which were not more than 1 mm.Of the sellar floors,that the shape was flatness reach 15%.(4) The relationship between ICA and sphenoid sinus had two aspects,one was to be mutually apart (55%),the other was to communicate (45%),which formers carinae on the lateral wall of the sphe- noid sinus,espeially in the superior surface of posterior part.The relationship between optic nerve and sphe- noid sinus,one was to be mutually apart (27.5%),the other was to communicate (72.5% ),which formers carinae on the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus,especially in the superior surface of anterior part.(5) Three main types of the intercavernous sinus were the anterior intercavernous sinus,present in 80%,the inferior in- tercavenous sinus (25%),and the posterior intercavenous sinus (15%).Conclusion The knowledge of the anatomy of the sellar region and sphenoid sinus is helpful to safe operation in the single-nostril transsphe- noidal approach for pituitary,adenoma microsurgery.

Objective To study the influence of UPPP on resonance characteristics of four resonance cavity in patients with OSAHS .Methods Using multi-channel voice analysis system to test the cavity resonance character-istics and energy distribution of 36 OSAHS patients (including pre - and post -operative) and 36 normal males when they speak /a:/.The frequency spectrum was 4 000Hz(FR1 ,FR2 ,FR3 ,FR4 ) .Results FR2 energy values of the head cavity and mouth cavity of OSAHS patients heighten significantly after UPPP (P<0 .05);FR1 energy val-ues of head ,mouth and thoracic cavity were higher than that of in normal males'after UPPP(P<0 .05) .FR2 ,FR3 , FR4 energy values of head cavity ,FR2 ,FR3 energy values of mouth cavity ,FR2 energy values of thoracic cavity were lower than those of in normal males'after UPPP(P<0 .05) .Conclusion UPPP surgery removes the obstruction of the upper airway of OSAHS patients and changes the morphology of the pharynx ,thas changes the resonance charac-teristics of the head cavity and oral .

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of the patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus.Methods Fifty-six patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus were selected as our subjects,who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2002 to May 2014.There were 28 patients with stage Ⅰ tumor thrombus,l5with stage Ⅱtumor thrombus,9 with stage Ⅲ tumor thrombus and 4 with stage Ⅳtumor thrombus.All patients underwent renal tumor resection and embolectomy,and were follow-up.Results Of all the patients,46 were male and 10 were female with a mean age of 61.7(age ranging from 42 to 83).Twenty-four were presented on the left kidney and 32 were right.The clinical features were as follows:The tumor size was 2.5 to 14 cm in diameter(mean:6.2 cm),there were 21 cases with low back pain,18 cases with hematuria,lcases with abdominal.Pathological results showed that 39 with clear cell carcinoma,9 with papillary cell carcinoma,3 with chromophobe cell carcinoma,1 with low-differentiated cell carcinoma and 1 with undifferentiated cell carcinoma,3 with sarcomatoid differentiation.Forty-three patients were followed up,and the median follow up period was 20.4 months (2-90 months).The median survival time for the patients was 47 months and the 5 year overall survival was 45.2％.The survival time of the patients with early tumor thrombus(below hepaticvein) was (55.3 ± 4.9) month,significantly longer than that of the patients with advanced tumor thrombus (above hepaticvein) ((24.8 ± 5.3) months,P =0.047).Conclusion Patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus are characterized with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Surgical operations are effective therapies for the patients.Long term outcome of the early tumor thrombus patients is significantly better than that of the advanced tumor.

Objective To investigate the influence of somatostatin (SS) and protein tyrosine enzyme 1 B (PTP1B) on the proliferation and the matrix protein secretion and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) induced by leptin. Methods The effect of different concentrations of SS on the proliferation of activatied HSCs induced by leptin was detected with MTT assay. HSCs were divided into control group, leptin group, leptin+10-7 mol/LSS group, leptin+10-6 mol/LSS group, TIMP-1, type I collagen and PTP1B protein and mRNA. Phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 were detected by RT-PCR, Western bolt and ELISA assay. Results SS could promote leptin-induced proliferation of HSCs in a dose-adependent manner. SS can improve PTP1B protein and mRNA, and higher does of SS could render more increase compared with the lower does. SS could reduce TIMP-1 mRNA, type I collagen mRNA and protein expression, and make the JAK2/STAT3 dephosphorylated, and the higher SS group reduce these factors more obviously than the lower group. Conclusion SS up-regulates PTP1B expression, inhibits JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction, proliferation, and reduces TIMP-1, I collagen expression in actived HSCs induced by leptin.

In a large clinical trial, finasteride reduced the rate of low-grade prostate cancer (PCa) while increasing the incidence of high-grade cancer. Whether finasteride promotes the development of high-grade tumors remains controversial. We demonstrated the role of fibroblasts and c-Jun in chemopreventive and therapeutic effect of finasteride on xenograft models of PCa. LNCaP (PC3) cells or recombinants of cancer cells and fibroblasts were implanted in male athymic nude mice treated with finasteride. Tumor growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, p-Akt, and p-ERK1/2 were evaluated. In LNCaP (PC3) mono-grafted models, finasteride did not change the tumor growth. In recombinant-grafted models, fibroblasts and c-Jun promoted tumor growth; finasteride induced proliferation of LNCaP cells and repressed PC3 cell apoptosis. When c-Jun was knocked out, fibroblasts and/or finasteride did not promote the tumor growth. Finasteride inhibited p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 in mono-culture cancer cells while stimulating the same signaling molecules in the presence of fibroblasts. Reduced p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 were noted in the presence of c-Jun-/- fibroblasts. Fibroblasts and c-Jun promote PCa growth; finasteride further stimulates tumor growth with promoted proliferation, repressed apoptosis, and up-regulated pro-proliferative molecular pathway in the presence of fibroblasts and c-Jun. Stromal-epithelial interactions play critical roles in finasteride′s therapeutic effects on PCa. Our findings have preliminary implications in using finasteride as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for PCa patients.

Background It is thought in recently that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment method for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), but the dosage of verteporfin and its long-term efficacy and complications is rarely elucidated ever before.Objective This study was to observe the long-term efficacy and safety of 60％ dose verteporfin PDT for chronic CSC.Methods This is a retrospective study and a self-controlled design was used.The clinical data of 25 eyes of 21 chronic CSC patients who received 60％-dose verteporfin PDT in Henan Eye Institute from January 2009 to May 2010 were reviewed, with the male 18 (85.71％) and female 3 (14.29％) as well as monocular CSC 17 patients and binocular CSC 4 patients.The average ages of the patients were (43±5) years.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) , indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography(OCT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were examined in all the patients before and after treatment.PDT with the 60％-dose verteporfin (3.6 mg/m2) was carried out on the CSC eyes.The treated eyes were examined 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after PDT.The BCVA,subfoveal choroid thickness,FFA and ICGA findings before and after PDT were compared.The following-up duration was 5 years or more.Results The BCVA before and 3 months after PDT were 0.5 ±0.1 and 0.9±0.2, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between them (t =19.17,P =0.00).The subfoveal choroidal thickness value 3 months after PDT was (326.56±39.47) μm,which was significantly reduced in comparison with (486.24 ±47.53) μm before PDT (t =25.17, P =0.00).FFA and ICGA showed that the leakage of fluorescein (hyperfluorescence) was disappeared in all the treated eyes.No systemic or local adverse effects and recurrence were observed during the follow-up period.Conclusions On the basis of the results of this study and available information,60％-dose verteporfin PDT seems to have a better long-term efficacy and safety than full-dose verteporfin in treating chronic CSC.

Objective To find direct effect of Chinese herbs Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea corylifolia L) and Bai Zhi (Dahurian angelica root) Extracts on melanocyte adhesion and migration in vitro. Methods Ethanol extracts obtained from two kind of Chinese medicinable herbs were tested. Human melanocytes were obtained from neonatal foreskins and 48-well culture dish covered with fibronectin were used to perform melanocyte adhesion assay; Motility was assessed using the micropore filter method. Results: The extracts of Bu Gu Zhi(Psoralea corylifolia L), Bai Zhi(Dahurian angelica root) obviously showed an effect in increasing of human melanocyte adhesion and migration on fibronectin. Conclusion It is suggested that Buguzhi(Fructus Psoraleae) and Baizhi(Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) might induce melanocyte adhesion and/or migration in the treatment of vitiligo.