Many species of animals contain antimicrobial peptides as components of their immune systems. Many antimicrobial peptides have a broad spectrum of activity not only against gram negative and gram positive bacteria but also against antibiotic resistant bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Such peptides can act in synergy with other host molecules to kill pathogens. It has been found that certain peptides have a high affinity for bacterial products, allowing them to modulate the host inflammatory response to sepsis. They have also been found that they have the ability to recruit inflammatory cells. These properties as well as some other functions of antimicrobial peptides enable them to have an important impact in innate immunity.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with glucocorticoid on the treatment of periarthritis of shoulder.Methods106 patients in department of orthopedics, the second hospital of Ningbo with periarthritis of shoulder were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=53).The control group were treated with anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment, at this basis, the study group were treated with sodium hyaluronate combined with Glucocorticoid.5 weeks for a course of treatment.Levels of serum inflammation, laboratory-related indicators were compared.ResultsCompared with before treatment, shoulder joint activity in the two groups increased, VAS score decreased, the scores of strength of shoulder joint, range of motion and daily activities increased, levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, scores of activity in the study group were higher, VAS scores were lower, scores of strength of shoulder joint, range of motion and daily activities were higher, levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α were lower(P<0.05).The effective rate in the control group(73.59%) was lower than the study group(90.57%), but there was no statistical difference.ConclusionThe effect is accurate which sodium hyaluronate combined with glucocorticoid was used in the treatment of periarthritis of shoulder, and it can reduce the inflammation index and improve the joint activity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)in treating common bile duct stone or strictive papillitis,and then analyze possible related risk factors for long-term complications after EST.Methods We made a retrospective study of 103 out of 158 patients who had EST from January 2005 to December 2006.Results In the 103 patients,there were 13 cases of long-term complications(≥3 m after EST),the incident rate being 12.6%:recurrent calculus of common bile duct in 8 cases,combined cholangitis in 6;cholangitis in 1;acute calculus cholecystitis in 2;residual calculus in 1 case;chronic pancreatitis in 1 case.Conclusion Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is an effective and safe way to treat biliary tract obstruction.Preoperative jaundice may be the risk factor inducing long-term complications after EST.

Objective : To investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in China, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control strategy. Methods : Cohort studies pertaining to new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, and the retrieval time was set to build the database until May 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among Chinese MSM populations. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test, and the stability of outcome parameters was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Results : A total of 850 publications were retrieved, and 43 eligible literatures ( 44 studies ) were included in the final analysis. The pooled incidence of new HIV infection was 4.93 ( 95%CI: 4.15 to 5.72) per 100 person-years among Chinese MSM populations. Egger's test showed a publication bias ( t=2.411, P=0.021). Subgroup analysis revealed high incidence of new HIV infection in east ( 5.21 per 100 person-years ), north ( 5.30 per 100 person-years ) and southwest (4.84 per 100 person-years) China, and the lowest incidence in northwest China ( 2.87 per 100 person-years ), and showed higher incidence in first-tier cities ( 5.12 per 100 person-years ) than in nonfirst-tier cities ( 3.89 per 100 person-years ). Syphilis infection ( HR=3.41 ), unprotected anal sex ( HR=2.52 ), multiple sexual partners ( HR=3.51 ), seeking sex partners in bars, public baths and parks ( HR=3.44 ), age of > 25 years ( HR=0.44 ), Han Ethnicity ( HR=0.35 ), awareness of AIDS-related knowledge ( HR=0.20 ) and provision of HIV preventive services ( HR=0.18 ) were associated with new HIV infection in Chinese MSM populations. In addition, publication bias was found in studies reporting syphilis infection ( t=4.841, P<0.001 ), unprotected anal sex ( t=4.114, P=0.006 ) and ethnicity ( t=-5.018, P=0.038 ). Conclusions The incidence of new HIV infection is high among Chinese MSM populations. Interventions targeting the factors affecting new HIV infections are required to reduce in the incidence of new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations.

Corynebacterium glutamicum SA001 is a mutant with lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) deletion. In order to increase metabolic flux from isocitrate to succinate, and to improve the production of succinate under anaerobic conditions,we transducted the gene aceA coding isocitrate lyase (ICL) from Escherichia coli K12 into Corynebacterium glutamicum SA001 (SA001/pXMJ19-aceA). After 12 h aerobic induction by adding 0.8 mmol/L of IPTG, the recombinant strain was transferred to anaerobic fermentation for 16 h. Succinate reached 14.84 g/L, with a productivity of 0.83 g/(L x h). Compared to C. glutamicum SA001, the activity of ICL of the recombinant strain was increased 5.8-fold, and the succinate productivity was increased 48%. Overexpression of isocitrate lyase will increase the metabolic flux of glyoxylate bypass flowing to succinate.
Corynebacterium glutamicum ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Industrial Microbiology ; Isocitrate Lyase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic

Contents in orthopaedic are independent relatively and finding out the internal relations during them is helpful to improving the effect of orthopaedic teaching.Transfer theory is important tools for clinical teaching practice,and finding out the common characteristics between the orthopaedic chapters is primary for the theory.This research focuses on the following fields:fractures,nerve injury,infection,tumor and deformity.After the common characteristics between these chapters were analyzed and discussed,we concluded that the transfer theory is helpful in orthopaedic teaching practice,especially for students' comprehension and memory,but still we should avoid some negative effects in teaching process.

Objective To investigate the importance of elements of teaching aesthetic(appearance aesthetics; language aesthetics; emotion aesthetics; PPT aesthetics; blackboard-writing aesthetics and model aesthetics) in clinical orthopaedic teaching,and to analyze the reasons and significance of them.Methods Totally 137 medical students(2005 and 2006 grade) were investigated by the questionnaire in resent 2 years.They were asked to choose the first two important elements of teaching anesthetic from six elements displayed by four teachers.Results The percentage of appearance aesthetics,language aesthetics,emotion aesthetics,PPT aesthetics,blackboard-writing aesthetics and model aesthetics were showed as 97.4％,88.7％,67.1％,58.9％,13.6％ and 1.2％ respectively.Conclusion Teaching aesthetics is an indispensible part of teaching aesthetically and it is helpful to promote the teaching.We should be focus on PPT aesthetics and appearance aesthetics,which show high percentage in our research.

Objective To study the effects of up-regulated gene-4 (URG-4) on colon cancer cellproliferation.MethodsColon cancer cell line with high expression of URG-4 was selected.The recombinant URG-4 siRNA retroviral vector was constructed and packaged by PT67 cell,then retroviral particles which can express URG-4 siRNA in mammal cell and its negative control were obtained.Expressions of URG-4 in MKN45,SW480,LoVo,HCT116,HT29 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Recombinant virus (interference group),original virus (negative control group) and the same amount of PBS (blank group) were used to transfect LoVo cells respectively.Stably transfected cell lines were screened.The growth condition of cell lines in each group was assayed by MTT.All data were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance and the t test.Results Sequencing results confirmed the successful construction of retroviral which expressed siRNA,the relative expression levels of URG-4 mRNA in MKN45,SW480,LoVo,HCT116,HT29 were 0.58 +0.02,0.63 ±0.03,0.81 ± 0.01,1.01 ± 0.02,0.91 ± 0.04 and the expression levels of URG-4 protein in the 5 cell lines were 0.73 ±0.02,0.85 ± 0.03,1.42 ± 0.01,0.80 ± 0.30,0.80 ± 0.04,respectively.High expression of URG-4 was observed in the LoVo cells.The expression of URG-4 mRNA in the LoVo cells in the interference group was 0.55 ±0.03,which was significantly lower than 1.15 ±0.02 of the negative control group and 1.15 ±0.01 of the blank group ( t =- 5.179,- 9.285,P ＜ 0.05 ).The inhibition rate of URG-4 mRNA in the interference group was 52.6％.The expression of URG-4 protein in the interference group was 0.82 ± 0.05,which was significantly lower than 1.46 ± 0.07 of the negative control group and 1.54 ± 0.04 of the blank group (t =-4.239,-3.704,P＜0.05).The inhibition rate of URG-4 protein in the interference group was 43.6％.The LoVo cells in each group grew exponentially.Compared with the negative control group,the cell growth of the interference group was inhibited during day 3 to day 6,which had statistical significant difference ( t =- 6.436,-6.045,-6.434,-4.285,P＜0.05).ConclusionInterference of the expression of URG-4 can inhibit the growth of LoVo cells.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of Ceftriaxone-associated urinary tract and biliary pseudolithiasis in children.Methods A 6-year-old boy was treated in our hospital in March 2011.The initial diagnosis was acute suppurative tonsillitis.Ceftriaxone was administered intravenously at a dose of 3 g/d [ 117 mg/( kg · d) ]for three days.After that the boy complained of bilateral abdominal pain and nausea.Abdominal sonogram obtained after cessation of ceftriaxone treatment revealed urinary tract and gallbladder stone and hydronephrosis.After cessation of ceftriaxone treatment and intubation tube into the ureters by cystoscope,symptoms gradually disappeared and renal function recovered.Results After cessation of ceftriaxone treatment,symptoms gradually disappeared,with urinary tract CT scan normal after 10 days.Urinary tract and gallbladder sonograms were found to be normal 22 days after diagnosis without specific treatment.Followed up for 1 month,no recurrence of stone was observed.Conclusions Ceftriaxone-associated urinary tract and biliary pseudolithiasis in children is rare.These complications generally resolve spontaneously with cessation of the ceftriaxone therapy.Physicians should be aware of these complications so as to avoid unnecessary therapeutic procedures.

This paper analyzed innovative education management system,innovative education resources,innovative education mode and innovative education evaluation standard through practicing‘integration of production,study and research’ teaching platform. Meanwhile,this paper explored the optimization system of innovative education in medical undergraduate teaching.