At present, about 50 million people worldwide suffer from sarcopenia, and the number is expected to reach 500 million by 2050.Sarcopenia in the elderly will be one of the major global health problems in the future.In this article, current research status and progress of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, its correlation with other diseases and treatment of sarcopenia were analyzed.

AIM: To study the tilt of the intraocular lens (IOL) after Nd:YAG capsulotomy (YAG) and variation of the axial length (AL) in patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO).METHODS: The study involved 18 eyes of 14 patients with PCO after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation.All patients had taken examinations,including testing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by using standard logarithmic visual acuity chart,images of ocular anterior segment and AL by OCT.After the examinations,YAG was operated upon all patients.Each eye received one drop of Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops immediately after YAG,and patients had taken examinations listed above again.One week later,BCVA and OCT were tested as well.Data (BCVA,tilt of IOLs,and AL) were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS.RESULTS: Mean patient age was 73.93±6.94y,including 5 males and 9 females,8 left eyes and 10 right eyes,altogether 14 patients with 18 eyes.In this study,tilt of IOLs was defined as the angle of anterior surface of IOL and pupil plane (briefly called Tilt,unit:°).Before YAG,mean Tilt was 2.896±2.286°,mean AL was 23.56±0.55mm.1h after YAG,mean Tilt was 4.702±2.991°,mean AL was 23.40±0.59mm,and BCVA enhanced 3.72±1.74 lines.1wk after YAG,9 patients with 12 eyes were involved in the study.The mean Tilt of these 12 eyes was 3.175±1.791° 1h after YAG and 3.434±1.835° 1wk after YAG.There were significant differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between AL before YAG and AL 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between Tilt 1h after YAG and Tilt 1wk after YAG.The lines of enhancement of BCVA 1h after YAG was correlated to differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG,of which the correlation coefficient was-0.523.CONCLUSION: IOLs of patients with PCO tilted after YAG,while AL rarely changed.After YAG,the less IOLs tilted,the more BCVA enhanced.

Small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis is the most common type in brain metastasis tumors with the poor prognosis. Researches show that prophylactic cranial irradiation is not only effective in the prevention and treatment of limited disease brain metastases of small cell lung cancer,but also effective for extensive disease. Moreover,certain medications such as mannitol,nimustine etc also play an important sup-porting role,but there are many other uncertain parts in terms of prevention and treatment remaining controver-sial and needing further research.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer can enhance the abilities of invasion and metastasis of cancer cells,which is one of the reasons for treatment failure.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important regulatory factor in EMT of cancer cells.Recent researches show that activation of PPARγplays a role in the occurrence and development of EMT by regulating the E-cadherin,Smad complex and body microenvironment.Therefore,in-depth research for the relationship among PPARγ,EMT and cancer is expected to provide a new direction for tumor treatment.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the most important hypoxia signal transmission factor,and it has been observed in many human tumors.HIF-1 could play a role of promoting tumor by regulating the expression level of transforming growth factor-β in vivo and in vitro,and then affecting the development and prognosis of tumor.

At present, there is no specific antidote for local anesthetic toxicity, which seriously hindered therapeutic efficts of clinical treatment. It is increasingly urgent for finding find the effective antidote to local anesthetic. This article at-tempts to interpret the molecular pharmacological mechanism from fat pool, energy metabolism, NO, ion channel and solubili-zation for the role of fatty acids in reversal of myocardial toxicity of local anesthetics. And the different characteristics of the structure and function of nano liposome and fat emulsion were compared.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics

Child ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics

Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes of serum total bilirubin(TBil) and hybrid muscle crea-tine kinase isozyme(CK-MB),and its clinical implication in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods The levels of TBil and CK - MB were measured in 49 neonates with HIE (15 mild cases, 20 moderate cases and 14 serious cases), and 31 normal neonates on the first day and the fourth day after birth. Results The levels of TBil on the first day after birth were significantly higher than those in normal neonates;the levels of TBil were correlated with the severity of HIE(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of mechanical dilation on cardia achalasia under an endoscope.Methods A total of 62 patients with cardia achalasia were treated with mechanical dilation by using a self-designed dilator under a gastroscope.Of the cases,one had experienced a failure of heller surgery,and four had received ballon dilation before the gastroscopy.Results Among the cases,2 were convered to open thoracic surgery becaues of rupture of the esophagus,1 patient could not tolerate the operation,1 received a second dilation because of unsatisfied outcome of the first attempt.In the other 58 patients,the surgery was completed in the first attempt.The mean dilation time was 3.5 minutes(ranged from 2 to 5 minutes).Slight mucosal hemorrhage was observed during the operation,while no continuous bleeding occurred.Cold liquid diet was given to the patients 2 hours after the dilation,and then semiliquid diet was prescribed in 6 hours,after that the patients began to take normal diet gradually.The patients were followed up for 2 to 11 years with a mean of 7.5.All of them were cured without recurrence.Conclusions Endoscopic mechanical dilation is microinvasive,safe,and effective for cardia achalasia.It is worth being widely used because of a low cost and reliable long-term outcomes.