Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of bochdalek′s hernia in children, especially to introduce the methods of repairing the defect of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric.Methods The diagnosis, misdiagnosis and methods of repairing of diaphragm in 10 cases of bochdalek′s hernia were retrospectively reviewed, and the findings of reconstruction of diaphragm in 2 cases of defect of diaphragm were analyzed.Results All of the 12 cases were misdiagnosed for the first time. Ten cases were cured through abdominal surgery and 2 cases were cured through reconstruction of diaphragm.Conclusions Bochdalek′s hernias in children are lack of specific clinical manifestation and often misdiagnosed before operation. Early surgical treatment is necessary once the diagnosis is established, and the defect of diaphragm should be reconstructed. The repairment of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric is a practical methods.

The article reviewed the update to thyroidology from January 20ll,introducing the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules,thyroid cancers,and Graves ophthalmopathy.Meanwhile several guidelines related to thyroid diseases published during this period were also evaluated.

Objective To establish animal model of prolactinoma with Fischer 344 (F344) rats.MethodsFemale F344 rats were injected with estradiol benzoate-treated and 0.9% sodium chloride respectively. After 50 days of treatment, MRI scan was performed and animal's living status was observed, and pituitary weight, serum prolactin level, pathological and PRL immunohistochemistry changes were also detected.ResultsAll estradiol benzoate-treated rats formed the prolactinoma after treatment for 50 days and the growth of body weight was retarded obviously. Pituitary weight and serum PRL increased significantly in estradiol benzoate-treated animals compared with those treated with 0.9% sodium chloride. Pituitary adenomas were found in MRI scan and HE stain was positive. The forming rate of tumor was 100%.ConclusionThe animal model of pituitary adenoma established with F344 rat has more characters such as having a short tumor forming period, easy and stable, and coincided with features of prolactinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mutation of Y-STR loci in meiotic allelic transmission in a large pedigree. METHODS: The oral swabs of 163 male individuals were collected from a Lin pedigree. Twenty-two Y-STR genetic markers were typed with AGCU Y24 fluorescent detection kit (AGCU Y24 system), which also contained 16 Y-STR markers included in Yfiler multiple amplification kit (Yfiler system). The genotyping results of Y-STR loci were compared between each two males in the pedigree. RESULTS: There were 20 and 30 kinds of haplotypes obtained with Yfiler and AGCU Y24 systems in 163 male individuals from the Lin pedigree, respectively. The rates referred to haplotype differences (RRHD) of these two typing systems between male pairs were 0.910 5 and 0.922 7, respectively. The average number of marker differences were 6.582 1 and 9.824 8, respectively. The RRHD increased along with the incidents of meiosis. CONCLUSION Y-STR mutation leads to different Y-STR haplotypes among the male members in a paternal pedigree and the rate of difference increases along with the incidents of meiosis.
Alleles ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers/physiology* ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation/genetics* ; Pedigree

Objective To observe the clinical effect of lithium carbonate on hyperthyroidism.Methods Forty-seven cases of hyperthyroidism with abnormal hepatic function and/or leucopenia were recruited from January 2010 to January 2012.Thyroid function,adverse reactions,and clinical outcome of patients treated with lithium carbonate were observed and recorded before and after treatment.Results Thyroid function,liver function,and leucopenia in all patients were improved markedly after treatment.Among the treated patients,9 cases resulted in complete remission and had the drug discontinued,11 cases received radioactive iodine therapy afterwards,6 cases underwent surgical treatment,16 cases continued to use the same drug,and 5 cases were lost during follow-up.No obvious adverse reaction appeared during the treatment.Conclusions Lithium carbonate can be effectively used in patients with hyperthyroidism complicated by leukopenia or liver damage.It is also indicated during preparation for radioactive iodine or surgical treatment in patients with thyrotoxicosis.

Objective To investigate the endothelial dysfunction in pre-hypertension and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 373 youth were divided as the subjects into hypertension group (HBP group),prehypertension group (PHT group) and normal blood pressure group (NBP group).Endothelial function was assessed based on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT),brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Results IMT and baPWV in PHT group were higher than those in NBP group (P＜0.05),but did not reach the significant difference when compared with HBP group (P＞0.05).Compared with HBP,the levels of FMD in PHT group significantly increased (P＜ 0.05);however,no difference was observed in comparison with NBP group (P＞0.05).In the early stage of hypertension,diastolic BP (β=-0.120,P＜0.05) and body mass index (β=-0.115,P＜0.05) were negatively correlated with FMD;diastolic BP (β=0.146,P＜0.05),2-hour glucose (β=0.147,P＜0.05),high-density lipoprotein cholestrol (β=0.150,P＜0.05),and waist-hip ratio (β=0.126,P＜0.05) showed a positive correlation with IMT.baPWV was correlated with systolicBP (β=0.358,P＜0.01),waist circumference (β=0.254,P＜0.05),fasting glucose (β=0.155,P＜0.05),postprandial 2 h blood glucose (β =0.152,P ＜0.05),uric acid (β =0.206,P ＜ 0.05),and C-reactive protein (β=0.099,P＜0.05).Corclusion Our study shows that endothelial dysfunction may exist in the prehypertensive young,and several cardiovascular risks contribute to its development in the early stage of hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies concerning neuromechanism of acupuncture for regulating gastric function mainly focused on peripheral nerve, involving in central nervous system. In particular, there are few studies addressing higher central nervous system.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36) on gastric-related neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
METHODS:Using microelectrode extracellular recording technique, gastric related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus were found in gastric distension rats. Stimulation was conducted for 30 seconds by hand acupuncture at Neiguan and Zusanli. The effects of acupuncture on gastric-related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The discharge of 109 neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of 60 rats was recorded. A total of 56 gastric-related neurons of the 109 neurons were observed. The number of neurons response to acupunctures at Zusanli, Neiguan, Pishu (BL20) and Weishu (BL21) were respectively 44, 47, 29, and 33, with the reaction proportion of 78.57%, 83.47%, 51.79%and 58.93%. Results suggested that there exist gastric distension stimulation and acupuncture stimulations from neurons soma to visceral reaction in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which simultaneously participates in the regulation of acupuncture on the gastric function.

BACKGROUND:Preliminary studies of our research group mainly focus on the role of nucleus of solitary tract in gastric noxious stimulation and acupuncture point, while dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus of solitary tract and area postrema are the necessary component for vagus nerve complex, and dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve plays a crucial role in the regulation of gastric functions. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli, Neiguan, Pishu and Shenshu acupoints on the gastric-related neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. METHODS:The gastric related neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve of gastric distension rats were identified using extracellular recording technique, according to neuroelectrophysiology method. Acupuncture stimulation was given to Zusanli, Neiguan, Pishu and Shenshu for 15 seconds. The effect of body stimulation on the gastric distension related neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve of rats was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the involved 24 rats, 90 neurons at paraventricular hypothalamic necleus exhibited discharge. Among the discharged neurons, 54 neurons were related to gastric distension. After acupuncture stimulation at Zusanli, Neiguan, Pishu and Shenshu, there were 44, 39, 38, 27 neurons giving a response, the reaction rate was 82%, 72%, 70%and 50%, respectively. Acupunture at different nerve segment acupoints can activate the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to different degrees, which is involved in the regulation of gastric motility.

Objective To explore the methodology of skin flap muscle flap (double flaps) and and effect of the double flaps on eyelid bag blepharoplasty.Methods Through lower eyelid incision,skin flap and muscle flap were formed,orbicularis muscle and orbital septum separated between the skin and flaps,direct access to the inferior orbital rim depression.Arcuate edge of the orbicularis muscle was fully stripped and released,especially the orbicularis muscle at the inferior orbital rim periosteal surface.The orbital fat was released,sutured below the inferior orbital rim periosteal surface.The orbicularis muscle flap was designed,lift and fixed to enhance midface to achieve the rejuvenation effect in the lower eyelid region.Results The 36 patients treated had no hematoma and flinch in the lower eyelid.Within 3 to 18 months follow-up,there were no ectropion,and facial nerve damage and other complications.Conclusions Double-flap is a feasible method as it can effectively enhance midface rejuvenation and correct eyelid bags deformity.

Objective To explore a new method of functional reconstruction of hand digits and joints with free transfer of foot tissues so as to increase the success rate of the operation.Methods After micro-anatomic study of the plantar and dorsal metatarsal arteries,retrograde and free grafts of foot tissues pedicled with plantar metatarsal arteries were designed and applied in transplantation to treat 76 cases of hand digital or joint defects.The surgeries included 58 cases of transfer of the second toe,four cases of transfer of composite tissues of the second toe, eight cases of transfer of proximal interphalangeal joint,and six cases of nail flap transfer.Results The mi- cro-anatomic study found that the first plantar metatarsal artery was anatomically constant and the diameter of its branch to the second toe was larger than that of the first dorsal metatarsal artery.Flaps survived in 75 of the 76 patients(98.7%),with fine appearance and significantly improved function.One patient who had received free transfer of the second toe to reconstruct the thumb function had to undergo a second repair with infraclavicula skin tube because of refractory arteriospasm of anastomosed vessels.Conclusion Transfer with free retrograde grafts of foot tissues pedicled with plantar metatarsal artery to reconstruct hand functions can effectively improve the success rate of the operation,because it is free of the shortcomings of great anatomic variation of blood vessels and time-consuming and complex procedures in conventional transfer.