Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rh‐EPO ) on acute cerebral injury and expression of GLT‐1 and GLAST in rat .Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups by weight :control group (n=18) ,acute cerebral injury group(n=22) and rh‐EPO conditioning group(n=20) .Acute cerebral injury models were made by modified Feeney′s method .rh‐EPO was injected in abdominal cavity 15 min after acute cerebral injury in rh‐EPO conditioning group .Rats′brain were removed 48 h after experiments .Rat GLT‐1 and GLAST mRNA expression were determined by RT‐PCR , GLT‐1 and GLAST protein expression were determined by Western blot .Results GLT‐1/GLAST mRNA and protein expression decreased significantly after acute cerebral injury(all P<0 .01) ,but increased significantly in rh‐EPO preconditioning group com‐pared with acute cerebral injury group(all P<0 .01) .Conclusion rh‐EPO preconditioning may protect against acute cerebral injury by up regulating the expression of GLT‐1/GLAST .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of salvage radiotherapy for supraclavicular lymph node metastasis ( SLNM) after initial treatment in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods A total of 117 patients with SLNM after radical resection for esophageal cancer were enrolled as subjects from 2006 to 2012. All patients received three?dimensional radiotherapy with 1. 8?2. 0 Gy per cycle, 5 cycles a week. The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan?Meier method and analyzed using the log?rank test. The Cox model was used for multivariate analysis. Results The follow?up rate was 100%. In all the patients, the 1?and 3?year overall survival (OS) rates were 38. 5% and 14. 1%, respectively. The 1?and 3?year OS rates were significantly higher in patients treated with salvage radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy ( n=100) than in patients without any salvage treatment (n=17)(42% vs. 18%,P=0. 008;17% vs. 0%, P=0. 008). The patients treated with radiochemotherapy ( n=32) had significantly higher 1?and 3?year OS rates than those treated with radiotherapy alone (n=68)(59% vs. 34%, 36% vs. 11%, P=0. 002) or without any salvage treatment (n=17)(59% vs. 18%, 36% vs. 0%, P=0. 002). Patients without visceral metastasis (n=80) had significantly higher 1?and 3?year OS rates than those with visceral metastasis ( n=37) ( 44% vs. 27%, P=0. 002;22% vs. 0%,P=0. 002) . Patients with supraclavicular doses of ≥60 Gy in salvage radiotherapy ( n=75) had significantly higher 1?and 3?year OS rates than those with supraclavicular doses of<60 Gy in salvage radiotherapy ( n=25) ( 75% vs. 25%,P=0. 000;24% vs. 8%,P=0. 000) . The multivariate analysis using the Cox model showed that supraclavicular doses of ≥60 Gy, mediastinal metastasis, visceral metastasis, and salvage treatment method were independent factors for survival ( P=0. 001,0. 015,0. 009, 0. 025) . Conclusions Salvage radiotherapy can improve the survival of patients with SLNM in esophageal cancer. Salvage radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy is highly recommended for patients with SLNM alone. A radiation dose of ≥60 Gy in salvage radiotherapy improves survival in patients.