Research and industrial application of bioenergy have developed quickly with the systematic and multifocal trends in recent years. The 4th International Conference on Biomass Energy Technologies-8th World Bioenergy Symposium (ICBT-WBS 2014) and Joint Biomass Energy Symposium of Chinese Renewable Energy Society (CRES) were held in Changsha, China, 17-19 October, 2014, with American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), Biomass Energy Innovation Alliance, European Biomass Industry Association, AIChE and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This special issue on bioenergy is based on selected excellent papers from the submissions, together with free submissions. The special issue consists of reviews and original papers, mainly involving the aspects closely related to the bioenergy and related fields, including resource analyses, pretreatment, fuel/chemicals production, byproduct disposal and strategy investigation.
Biomass ; China ; Congresses as Topic ; Renewable Energy

AIM: To understand the formation of portal hypertension through the change of portal hemodynamics on experiment cirrhosis. METHODS: Carbon tetrachloride was subcutaneously injected in the rat. The changes of the portal hemodynamics in the pathological process of liver tissue were observed. RESULTS: The liver underwent degeneration, necrosis of hepatocytes, and the normal architecture of the liver lobules was replaced by pseudolobule, which consist of regenerative hepatocytes and fibrous septa. The diameter, the blood flow velocity and the blood flow quantity of portal were significantly higher than that in former group (P0 05). CONCLUSION: The changes in hemodynamics of the portal are in accordance with the changes in pathology of liver in the formation of liver cirrhosis.

Thirty-five patients with perioperative pulmonary embolism during January 2000 and October 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Disease diagnosis and treatment outcomes were assessed.Of the 35 patients,2 died without any management,and 33 received conventional anti-coagulation and thrombolysis.including 3 percutaneous catheterization.Disease improvement Was seen in 29.Four deaths occurred after no response to the treatment.Thus,early diagnosis and treatment,which miight depend on further understanding of pulmonary embolism,could play an important role in reduced adverse events.Prevention is crucial to avoid perioperative occurrence of pulmonary embolism.

Since the implementation of synergy of medical education, the education of clinical medi-cal postgraduate of academic degree inevitably has faced problems such as the decrease quality of the source of students, unclear training objectives and confused training model, and bad job prospects. Can these problems be solved effectively or not, which is directly related to the coordinated development of clinical medicine professional degree and academic degree. This study analyzes the problems faced by the graduate education of clinical medicine after the synergy of medical education and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures:firstly, to attract excellent clinical medical undergraduates and encourage medical students of related subjects or clinical doctors having working experience to apply for academic degree;secondly, the university, supervisors and graduates need to clear the training target and ensure the quality of graduate education; thirdly, employment guidance should be carried out throughout all the study stage of graduates, and the school should guide the graduates to form correct opinion of employment and to plan their career reasonably.

Objective To study the dynamic CT features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in recovery phase, and to analyze the correlative remaining factors on CT images. Methods Total 50 patients with SARS were followed-up with chest spiral CT and HRCT in 3, 6, 9, 14, 24 months after onset. Results (1)The pulmonary lesions were completely absorbed in 24 cases in 3 months, 30 cases in 6 months and 37 cases in 24 months. Abnormal CT findings were showed in 13 patients later, which appeared ground-glass opacity 8,irregular lines 6, thickening of interlobular septa 4, subpleural lines 2 and bronchiectasis 2. (2)Reviewing the lesions on CT between the remained group in the third month and the absorption group, there was a difference in the extent and the progress of the lesions .(3) There was a difference of the appearance rate of remaining lesion in lungs in two groups (≥40 ages and

Anatomy is an important medical course for international medical students. In order to improve the teaching quality and enhance the extent of students' learning, teachers integrated the theoretical and experimental courses of systemic anatomy, and introduced the "Digital Human" anatomical system to compensate the shortage of models, so as to realize the integrated theory and experiment teaching of systematic anatomy. Practice indicated that integrated teaching mode of theory and experiment was more consistent with the learning habits of foreign students, which improved their learning effect with significant advantages. But there were still some problems in this teaching mode and measures for solving these problems were proposed in this paper.

This investigation was conducted on clinical professional graduate students of Chongqing Medical University to analyze the problems and influencing factors in the process of scientific research ability training. We propose three measures to improve the model of training professional clinical graduate students and provide references for the cultivation of their scientific research ability. The measures are "clear orientation of clinical scientific research ability training", "constant pursuit of high-level original scientific research results" and "adherent implementation to strengthen training effect".

Objective To evaluate the application of Web problem-based learning (WPBL) mode of respiratory system integration curriculum.Methods Experimentclasses 1 and 2 of the 2014 grades of the Qiqihar Medical University were divided into control group(48 students) and experiment group (48 students).Traditional PBL teaching was conducted in control group:the contents of the case were printed and discussed with the material of each class.WPBL teaching was conducted in experiment group:autonomous learning before class,showing cases by Video,asking questions and discussion in group and reporting results in class.The teaching effect was evaluated by PBL evaluation form,questionnaire and final grade.SSPS 19.0 statistical software was used for data analysis and measurement.T test was conducted among groups.Counting data were tested by Chi-square and the results were expressed as percentage.Results The students in the experiment group were better than those of control groupin the aspects of contents understanding,course interest,clinical thinking ability,classroom atmosphere and the course attitude.The scores of PBL (16.65 ±2.82),experiment exam (8.21 ±0.44) and final grade(76.77 ± 12.31) in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group.There are statistical differences in two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions WPBL teaching can improve students'learning interest,clinical thinking ability and improve the teaching quality of respiratory integration curriculum.