Objective To investigate the clinical value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)combined with three dimensional pseudo continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-PCASL)on the prognosis analysis of acute cerebral infarction.Methods Thirty cases with acute cerebral infarction (< 72 h)underwent conventional MRI,MRA,3D-PCASL and SWI.NIHSS scores were performed at the time of examination and 3 months later.The correlation between the collateral blood vessels,regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)detected by combination of SWI and 3D-PCASL with clinical prognosis were analyzed.Results Twenty-three cases showed collateral blood vessels in the lesions with 1 grade in 14,and 2 grade in 9.The average rCBFs in grade 0,1,2 infarction areas were (22.69±11.94)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,(25.10±16.55)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 and (33.04±24.24)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,respectively.Collateral blood vessels,rCBF were positive correlated with the NIHSS scores (r=0.989,P< 0.01).18 cases showed multiple vessels around the lesions. The average rCBFs in the infarction area with or not with periphery collateral blood vessles were (28.33±24.24)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 and (22.69±11.94)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,respectively.There was a positive correlation between rCBF and NIHSS scores (r=0.897,P<0.01). Of 30 cases of acute cerebral infarction,the average CBFs in the infarct areas and the contralateral mirror areas were (26.92±18.22)mL·100 g-1 · min-1 and (34.22±12.37)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 .There was significant difference (t=8.093,P<0.01).Conclusion The combination of SWI and 3D-PCASL can display the collateral blood vessels in the lesions and soft meninges,and provide the quantitative analysis of rCBF,which has important clinical significance for prediction of the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are the specific channel proteins located in cell membrane for transporting water, and they play an important role in maintaining the body’s water balance. AQPs are widely distributed in human tissues and organs, and their abnormal expressions are closely related to a series of diseases caused by water balance disorders. In recent years, great advances have been made in molecular researches, specific inhibitors, and targeted therapies of AQPs. In this review, we summarized the recent research progresses.

Objective To construct and identify rat myosin heavy chain 14 (MYH14) gene recombined lentiviral vector by RNA interference technique. Methods Based on the MYH14 mRNA sequence, a single-stranded primer was designed to form a double-stranded oligonucleotide sequence, which was ligated into the GV298 lentiviral vector linearized by Ageand BamHdouble enzymes restriction, and then the bacterial liquid was verified by PCR and sequencing, respectively. The plasmid was extracted in the bacterial liquid with correct sequence and transfected into rat Schwann cells RSC96. The transfection efficiency was observed by immunofluorescence, the shRNA plasmid could effectively knock down MYH14 was screened by Western blotting, and the cell viability of RSC96 cells after transfection was detected by CCK-8. Results Three pairs of MYH14-shRNA sequences were synthesized and cloned into GV298 vector to construct recombinant plasmids MYH14-shRNA1, 2, and 3, and the vector MYH14-shRNA1 and MYH14-shRNA2 were screened by PCR and sequencing. Immunofluorescence showed that the cell fluorescence was the strongest at 72 h after transfection. Western blotting analysis showed that compared with the negative control (scramble sequence) group, the expression level of MYH14 protein in RSC96 cells was significantly decreased after MYH14-shRNA2 transfection (0.57±0.15 vs 1.11±0.06, P0.01), while there was no significant difference after MYH14-shRNA1 transfection (P0.05). There was no significant difference in cell viability of RSC96 cells between the negative control and MYH14-shRNA2 groups 24 h after transfection (1.09±0.16 vs 1.00±0.15, P0.05). Conclusion The rat MYH14 gene recombinant lentiviral vector has been successfully constructed, which can effectively down-regulate the expression of MYH14 in RSC96 cells.

Objective To investigate the role of apolipoprotein D (ApoD) in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Methods The expression of ApoD protein in renal cystic tissues of ADPKD patients was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis. Western blotting analysis and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of ApoD protein and mRNA in the renal tissues of Han: SPRD rats. The cystic lining immortalized epithelial cells (WT9-12 cells) of ADPKD were stimulated with human recombinant ApoD protein and their proliferation was examined by MTT assay; flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Results Immunohistochemisty and Western blotting analysis showed that ApoD expression was significantly lower in the renal tissues of ADPKD patients than that in healthy controls, and that in the Han: SPRD cy/+ rats was significantly lower than that in the Han: SPRD +/+ rats (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). ApoD mRNA expression in the kidneys of Han: SPRD cy/+ rats of 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks old was significantly lower than that of Han: SPRD +/+ rats of same ages (P<0. 05). Recombinant ApoD protein at 100, 200, and 400 ng/ml inhibited the proliferation of WT9-12 cells by 8. 21%, 7. 59% and 8. 07% after 48 h stimulation (P<0. 05), and by 8. 62%, 6. 43% and 9. 42% after 72 h stimulation, respectively (P<0. 05). Treatment with 400 ng/ml human recombinant ApoD protein for 72 h increased Gi phase WT9-12 cells by 8. 26% and decreased S phase cells by 8. 09% (P<0. 05), but it had no significant effect on cell apoptosis. Conclusion ApoD may inhibit WT9-12 cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle, and decreased ApoD expression may participate in the pathogenesis of ADPKD.

Objective To explore the effect of anti-retroviral therapy on interleukin(IL)-7/IL-7R in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients in China.Methods Cases were divided into 2 groups:HIV-infected group (35 cases),and control group (30 cases).IL-7 in serum,IL-7R(CD127) expression in CD4 +T cells,and CD4 +T cells count were detected and compared between two groups before and after treatment for 1 year.Results IL-7 level in the serum of HIV infected group before treatment [(8.98 ±3.77) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that in control group [(3.84 ±0.86) pg/ml] (P ＜0.05).The counts of CD4+T cells [(202.65 ± 121.54)/μl],CD4 + CD127 + T cells [(60.25 ± 11.75) ％],and CD8 + CD127 + T cells [(46.27 ± 12.10)％] in HIV-infected group were significantly lower than those in control group [(766.99 ± 103.21)/L,(76.89 ± 20.01) ％,(81.27 ± 12.35)％] (P ＜0.05).After anti-retroviral therapy (ART),IL-7 level in the serum of HIV-infected group[(5.55 ± 1.35) pg/ml]was decreased,and CD4+T cells [(450.58 ± 15)/μl],CD4 + CD127 +T cells [(69.82 ± 15.24)％],and [CD8 + CD127 + T(59.23± 14.73) ％] cells was increased in HIV-infected group,with a significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions ART could improve the IL-7 level in the serum and IL-7R(CD127)expression in CD4 +T cells of HIV-infected patients.However,they still cannot become normal level.

Objective To investigate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on schistosomiasis control in transmission-interrupted areas in order to provide basis for making out intervention strategies of preventing re-epidemic of schistosomiasis. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out for residents’ KAP on schistosomiasis control in the transmission-interrupted areas. A total of 608 residents were surveyed. Results The residents’ understanding rates of each item of schistosomiasis control were under 25.00% without exception. Residents refusing schistosomiasis examination, never surveying snails and never reporting snails accounted for 52.30%, 95.23% and 97.86% respectively. Conclusions Residents treat schistosomiasis control with indifference in transmission-interrupted areas. Therefore, intervention strategies of pertinent health education should be adopted to improve residents’ compliance to schistosomiasis examination and snail survey and report, and to prevent schistosomiasis re-epidemic.

There are some problems such as difficulty of pressure control, inconvenience of use and carry, congested easily and dredged hardly in clinical application of vacuum extractor in common use. For solving the above problems, researchers have designed a new portable and pressure stabilized abdominal drainage system which was composed of integral double spherical aspirator and separated double cannula. The new apparatus has achieved good effects in drainage which is suitable for not only rescuing of abdominal trauma and war wound, but also abdominal surgery that manifested as sucking safe and effective, using easily and convenient, that was verified by testing.

With the development of laparoscopic skills and instruments,totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer has become widely used in the clinic,mainly including totally laparoscopic proximal gastric reconstruction,distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer and total gastrectomy. Digestive tract reconstruction is the key procedure of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Totally laparoscopic surgery has less trauma and better visualization than reconstruction in a small incision. At present,feasibility and safety of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer have been preliminarily confirmed. However,higher level of evidence is needed for the evaluation of long-term oncologic efficacy. In the future,it is possible for patients to best benefit from totally laparoscopic surgery with minimal trauma,safe anastomosis under the principle of radical resection of gastric cancer. The digestive tract reconstruction includes Delta anastomosis (Billroth I),Billroth II anastomosis,and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG). Billroth I with delta anastomosis has strict indications in TLDG. Gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis is now more popular. Billroth II with Braun anastomosis and uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis is technically easier to carry out in TLDG than Roux-en-Y. Totally laparoscopic proximal gastric reconstruction includes esophagogastric stump anastomosis,esophagogastric tubular anastomosis and interposition jejunostomy. The digestive tract reconstruction includes anastomosis using linear stapler and circular stapler in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG). In order to better serve the clinic,we review the progress of different endoscopic anastomotic techniques and digestive tract reconstruction.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo offer normal reference of diameter of the cervical spinal cord and available diameter of cervical spinal canal and to screen scientific radiographic criteria to define and quantify cervical spinal cord disease.

METHODSThe magnetic resonance images of 120 normal people had been measured. The data of diameters of cervical spinal cord, CSF, M, the ratio of diameters of cord and CSF, and the ratio of diameters of cord and M had been collected and statistical analysis was made. And the relationships between the data above and each of gender, the length of C-spine and age were evaluated. In addition, the ratio of diameters of cord and CSF, and the ratio of diameters of cord and M was evaluated.

RESULTSThe study showed that in healthy people, the diameters of cervical spinal cord, CSF and M was larger in the males than in the females, decreased with age, and increased with the length of C-spine but the diameter of CSF. And the ratio of diameters of cord and CSF increased with age and not affected by the length of C-spine. However, the ratio of diameters of cord and M was not affected by age and the length of C-spine.

CONCLUSIONThe ratio of diameters of cord and M is not affected by individual variation and can be used to evaluate cervical spinal cord atrophy, compression and impaired in patients with cervical myelopathy and can be important information in looking for clinically critical points.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Canal ; anatomy & histology ; Spinal Cord ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical characteristics of severe adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis and the operation method.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed in 12 adolescent patients with severe cervical kyphosis treated from July 2003 to January 2007. Preoperative the Cobb angle of kyphosis range from 55 degrees to 73 degrees (average 61 degrees ). According to the angles between the posterior vertebral body tangents at every involved level on lateral cervical radiograph in extension, the osteotomy angles and range of lamina and facet were decided. The anterior release and posterior osteotomy were performed firstly. Then skull traction was maintained in order to correct the deformity as long as possible, fusion and internal fixation was completed after 7-10 days. The cervical coronal and sagittal planes X-rays and the MR were hold after operation 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. At the same time the treatment result, bone fusion and the instrumentation were followed up, and the symptoms were compared between pre-operation and post-operation.

RESULTSThe defect appearance of the patients was improved significantly, with the total disappearance of neck pain and improvement of nerve function. Post-operational cervical spine MR showed that the physiological curve of cervical spine was restored, cerebral spinal fluid line was clear in the kyphosis area and no spinal cord compression was found. X-ray imaging of post-operation 3 d showed that Cobb angle ranged from -12.3 degrees to 11.2 degrees with an average of -2.0 degrees . Beside one patient's AISA score was D, other patient's AISA score was E.

CONCLUSIONSThe severe adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis has its own clinical manifestation. It is an ideal treatment to completely assess the deformity, have staging operation and skull traction between two operations.

Adolescent ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; surgery ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods