Tumor-derived heat shock protein-peptide complex 96 (HSPPC-96) containing tumor antigenic peptides can elicit po-tent tumor-specific and protective immunity. Autologous HSPPC-96 vaccine has been shown to effectively prolong recurrence-free sur-vival and increase the overall survival of many tumors, thereby suggesting extensive future applications. However, as an autologous tu-mor-derived individual vaccine, the development of HSPPC-96 vaccine is challenged by the lack of an adequate autologous tumor, lim-ited efficacy for advanced-stage cancer, etc. This paper summarized the progress, future perspectives, and challenges in the clinical de-velopment of HSPPC-96 vaccine immunotherapy.

Objective To prepare human Fab fragment antibodies against Interleukin-2 and identify their antigenic specificity and combining activities with antigens. Methods The specific Anti-interleukin-2 clones were screened from a natural human Fab fragment antibodies phage display library against the immobilized interleukin-2 antigens. Then the phagemid DNA from the specific clones was digested with Spe I and Nhe I to delete gⅢ (about 660bp). The digested 4.7kb DNA, which was purified after separation of bands from agarose gel using purification kit, was ligated with T4-DNA ligase and the ligated reaction mixture were transformed to the BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Positive clones on the LB agar plates were inoculated to liquid LB culture medium, and when the bacteria were grown to OD600≈0.5 at 37℃ with continuous shaking, IPTG was added to induce the expression of soluble Fab fragment antibodies at 30℃. The expressed products containing Fab fragment antibodies were determined by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA. Results The soluble products were identified as containing human Fab fragment antibodies against Interleukin-2 by Western blot and formed a Mr 47?103 band under non-reducing condition on SDS-PAGE. The band was then proved as anti-human Fab fragment antibodies by Western blotting. ELISA demonstrated that Fab fragments possessed good antigenic specificity as well as excellent combining activity with interleukin-2 antigens, and the fragments did not react with bovine serum albumin and IL-4 in ELISA. Conclusions The soluble human anti-interleukin-2 Fab fragment antibodies have been highly expressed and successfully identified, and an effective way has been searched out for constructing the engineering antibodies. All of the results may lay a potentially good foundation for engineering human Fab antibodies, and for the clinical application of the antibodies on the immunotherapy of tumor diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of high-dose creatine phosphate (CP) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Methods Two hundred and forty-six ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 42-71 yr weighing 45-80 kg undergoing mitral-aortic valve replacement were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control group ( n = 122) and CP group ( n = 124). CP 10 g in 100 ml normal saline (NS) was infused over 60 min starting from the beginning of operation in group CP. In control group NS 100 ml was infused instead of CP. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia and on 1st and 5th postoperative day for determination of serum CK, CK-MB and LDH activity and cTnI concentration. The number of patients receiving dopamine and adrenaline at the time of return of spontaneous heart beat and 12, 24 and 48 h after operation was recorded. The incidence of arrhythmia (auricular fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia), myocardial infarct and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were also compared between the 2 groups. Results Serum CK, CK-MB and LDH activity and cTnI concentration on 1st and 5th postoperative day, the doses of dopamine and adrenalin, the incidence of arrhythmia and myocardial infarct were significantly lower in group CP than in control group. The postoperative LVEF and the incidence of spontaneous recovery of spontaneous heart-beat were significantly higher in group CP than in control group. Conclusion Pretreatment with high dose CP can protect myocardium against I/R injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effects of Jianwei yuyang capsule combined with triad-therapy of western medicine on helicobacter pylori-related peptic ulcer in elderly.MethodsEighty patients above 60 years with peptic ulcer infected with helicobacter pylori were divided into two groups by random,and were treated with Jianweiyuyang capsule combined with triad-therapy of western medicine or triad-therapy of western medicine for 4weeks.The endoscopy and biopsy staining were used to analyze the cure rate and the helicobacter pylori eradication rate at the 6th week after the end of the treatment,and the main symptom improvement were observed.ResultsIn the treatment group,the cure rate,the helicobacter pylori eradication rate and total effective rate were significantly higher than control group.The two groups were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionJianweiyuyang capsule combined with triad-therapy of western medicine was a more ideal treatment program for helicobacter pylori-related peptic ulcer in elderly.

Objective To get a knowledge of the current status of international research on Ebola virus and Ebola virus disease (EVD).Methods All the articles about EVD from PubMed database were retrieved and analyzed.After core subject headings had been identified by BICOMB,the co-occurrence matrix was established.Cluster analysis about co-occurrence matrix was performed by SPSS 19.0.The visualized network image was drawn by Ucinet 6.0.Results A total of 1 384 literatures were involved in the analysis,with the earliest one published in 1979.The number of literatures was increasing along with time and disease outbreaks.Totally 1 213 (87.6％) literatures were published by Europe and U.S.There were 27 core subjects and they were clustered into 3 research areas from 1979 to 2014,including Ebola virus genome structure and viral proteins,especially the envelope protein; immunology of Ebola virus and animal models; epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.The visualized social network reflected that the prevention of EVD,the genome and immunology of Ebola were the major concerns.Conclusion It has been 35 years since the literatures on Ebola virus and EVD emerged.The United States and the United Kingdom are the top two countries in this field.The present studies have laid a crucial foundations for developing effective vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

Objective:With the development of science and technology, large medical equipments have been universally applied in clinical diagnosis. It is important in hospital management to search for the way to obtain the maximum economic and social benefits by efficiently analyzing cost benefit of large medical equipment. Methods:To ascertain cost benefit of medical equipment by profit margin of investments and cost-redemption periods. Results:Proposals on purchase and management of department medical equipment were presented. Conclusion:Scientific evaluation and analysis on large medical equipment would play a positive role in purchase, use and economic returns of department medical equipment.

Objective To observe the characteristics of different blood perfusion in renal cell carcinoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and prove its diagnostic value.Methods One hundred and six cases of renal cell carcinoma confirmed by patholog were involved,and were divided into three groups:clear cell carcinoma group,papillary cell carcinoma group,and chromophobe cell carcinoma group.Their imaging characteristics were observed.Time-intensity curve was analyzed by using QLab software.The difference of time of beginning to increase (△AT =ATrenal cell carcinoma-AT surrounding normal renal parenchyma) and the difference of peak intensity(△PI =PIrenal cell carcinoma-PIsurrounding normal renal parenhyma) in three groups were compared.Results △AT and △PI in clear cell carcinoma group were different from those in the papillary cell carcinoma group and chromophobe cell carcinoma group (P ＜0.05).The difference between papillary carcinoma group and chromophobe carcinoma group was not significant (P ＞0.05).Contrast agent filled very fast in most clear cell carcinomas,filled speed and time to peak were early or synchronously with the surrounding renal tissue.Compared with renal papillary carcinoma and chromophobe carcinoma group,clear cell carcinoma group showed a high peak intensity and part of the surroundings appeared high increasing signs,like of a ring.Contrast agents filled slow in papillary carcinomas group and chromophobe carcinomas group,and the peak intensities were low.Conclasions Contrast enhanced ultrasound can provide important clinical value for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and subtype diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the distribution of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR) genes in Qingdao Han population and its difference from other populations.Methods The KIR genotypes of 81 cascs were examined by PCR-SSP,and the gene frequencies were calculated and compared to those of other populations.Result Fourteen KIR genes and 2 pseudo genes were found and all had different gene frequencies.Conclusion All inhibit-gene frequencies are higher than their active-gene frequencies.KIR gene frequencies are different between the southern and northern Chinese Han people.Many of them increase gradually from the south to the north.The KIR gene distributions of Korean and Japanese populations are close to the Northern Chinese Han population.

Objective To investigate the perception of anticoagulant treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) in physicians from county-level hospitals.Methods Two hundred and ninety two physicians from 9 hospitals of Jiangsu,Henan,Zhejiang,Jiangxi provinces were enrolled in this cross-sectional survey from June to November 2013.A standard questionnaire was used in the survey,which consisted of questions on knowledge,awareness and concerns of physicians regarding the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and administration of warfarin.Results Total 292 questionnaires were returned and 208 of them were finally analyzed.According to the reports of the physicians,the percentage of anticoagulant treatment was 30.0％ (10.0％-60.0％) in patients with rheumatic valvular AF,20.0％ (10.0％-50.0％) in patients with non-valvular AF and 80.0％ (40.0％-100.0％) in those with mechanical heart valve replacement.The most common concerns of prescribing warfarin were worries about the bleeding related to warfarin (74.0％,154),the necessary of monitoring INR (65.4％,136) and advanced age (44.7％,93).A half of physicians (51.0％,106) thought that ECG was the main means for diagnosis of AF and only 28.3％ (59) used both ECG and Holter as diagnosis procedure.Among the physicians who reported to use INR for monitoring warfarin administration,62.5％ (130) reported a target ranging 2-3 and one third reported a target INR ＜ 2.The proportion of the physicians who were aware of CHADS2 score and CHA2DS2-VASc score was 51.0％ (106) and 41.3％ (86),but only 15.4％ (32) and 6.3％ (13) of them knew the correct answer of the risk factors,respectively.Although 34.6％ (72) physicians were aware of HAS-BLED score,only 5.3％ (11) selected the 9 parameters correctly.68.3％ (142) physicians reported that vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin.Conclusion This study reveals the concerns and deficits in perception of anticoagulant treatment for AF patients in physicians of county-level hospitals,suggesting that education programs are needed to increase the prevalence of warfarin use in patients with AF.

Objective To investigate the preventive effects of aspirin on liver metastases of colorectal cancer in mice and study the mechanisms.Methods Twenty BALB/c mice were divided into the control group and the experimental group according to the random number table with 10 mice in each group.Mice in the control group were fed with saline each day at a concentration of 0.2 mL/d for 60 days,while mice in the aspirin group were fed with aspirin each day at a concentration of 30 μg/(g · d) for 60 days.Then C26 colon cancer cells were injected into the spleen and then the spleen was cut to establish mice model of colon cancer liver metastasis.The C26 colon cancer cells were divided into 2 groups.C26 colon cancer cells in the control group remained untreated,and C26 colon cancer cells in the experimental group were treated with aspirin at a concentration of 10 mmol/L for 24 hours.The scratches and transwell assays were conducted to observe the effects of aspirin on the invasion and metastasis of C26 colon cancer cells.The expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.All data were analyzed using the Student t test.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival analysis was done by Log-rank test.Results The numbers and weights of hepatic metastatic tumors were 4.8 ± 1.9 and (504 ± 107) mg in the control group and 2.6 ± 1.6 and (362 ± 67) mg in the experimental group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =2.840,3.584,P ＜ 0.05).The 1-month survival rate was 80％ in the experimental group,which was significantly higher than 40％ of the control group (x2=4.418,P ＜ 0.05).The results of pathological examination showed that tumor cell heteromorphism was reduced by aspirin.The results of scratches experiment showed an obvious migration of C26 colon cancer cells in the control group at 24 hours later,while no C26 colon cancer cells migrated in the experimental group.The numbers of C26 colon cancer cells penetrated the Watrige were 253 ± 21 in the control group and 148 ± 13 in the experimental group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =5.101,P ＜0.05).The relative mRNA expression of the E-cadherin and the Vimentin were 0.002 ±0.001 and 1.005 ±0.286 in the control group and 0.005 ± 0.001 and 0.270 ± 0.168 in the experimental group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =-4.606,4.942,P ＜ 0.05).The relative protein expressions of the E-cadherin and the Vimentin were 0.473 ±0.179 and 0.787 ± 0.118 in the control group and 1.585 ± 0.410 and 0.280 ± 0.133 in the experimental group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =-5.542,6.355,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Aspirin inhibits liver metastasis of colon cancer and promote the survival ratio of mice.Aspirin can up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulate the expression of Vimentin,which inhibits EMT and reduces the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.