Objective: To compare the expression levels of FOXP3 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) of hepatitis B patients and healthy persons.Methods: Real-time fluorescence relative quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the FOXP3 mRNA levels in the PBMCs from 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 11 healthy subjects.Results:The FOXP3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the hepatitis B patients than in the normal subjects(P0.05).Conclusion: The high expression of FOXP3 might be an important factor for the persistence of HBV infection.

A broken metal handle accompanied by femoral trunk fracture, which would shorten service life of handles. Therefore, it is necessary to judge whether the notch is the main reason for handle broken. Some literatures thought that the pores of sintered porous coated anatomic (PCA) porous layer produce the notch on the handle surface and the notches lead to the handle broken being incorrect. The Apex of the pore is taken for the bottom of the notch, expanding into a crack, and it should also not grow to the base-alloy, accordingly, the above conclusion is wrong. Some reports pointed out the notch, apex of the pore, will expand into the crack, but it is not associated with the broken handle. Under the sintering temperature, the grain boundary apertures be generated on the base metal surface, the aperture is expanded into the crack, which leads to handle broken in the forced area. However, neither theoretical basis, nor a case of corroboration, can prove exist of notch. Actually, the broken handle is caused by the sintering technology. The high temperature of sintering joining results in grain boundary aperture, when encounter the largest forced area and expand into crack, it will break the handle.

INTRODUCTION: General joining techniques are at low level, which produces some potential problems in porous layer of porous coated anatomic (PCA).LIMITATIONS: The problems in general joining techniques are caused by limitations of each technique, which could not be solved using advanced measures.APPLICATION: The activated diffusion brazing technology is an effective way. Its many advanced processes can solve those potential problems.CONCLUSION: The stress-shielding problem caused by PCA porous layer can be solved by using small metal balls in the same diameter in combination with the advanced activated diffusion brazing technology. Moreover, the high performance brazing metals by activated diffusion brazing technology is harmless for humans.

OBJECTIVE: Sintering of porous coated anatomic porous layer bonding technology remains controversial because of poor understanding to its essence.ESSENCE: Sintering is a technology that the bonding temperature exceeds 5 ℃ or higher than the base-alloy solids temperature of 1 230 ℃, resulting in base-alloy produce a series of serious problems, such as grain boundary racks, handle broken and so on.HAZARDS: In sintering temperature, the low melting point eutectlc phase and the brittle metal compounds flow out of the grain boundary to bond the small metal balls and the handle, which greatly reduces the fatigue strength. The grain boundary cracks formed and expanded ultimately leading to handle broken.DISCUSSION: The cause of a handle broken is neither notch nor metallurgical defects but sintering process, because high sintering temperature results in grain-boundary lacunas.CONCLUSION: Sintering is not suitable for connecting the force components. High sintering temperature produces grain-boundary lacunas which can expand into cracks and ultimately result in handle broken under some condition.

Objective To analyze the survival,brain metastases and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for small cell lung cancer patients after prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI).Methods From Aug 2007 to Apr 2011,42 small cell lung cancer patients were eligible for analysis.Overall survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.The HRQOL scores before and after PCI were compared by the nonparameter wilcoxon test.Results The median survival time from the start of PCI was 23 months(95％ CI,15.05-30.95),progression free survival time was 17 months (95％ CI,14.33-19.67),1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 85.5％,45.8％ and 36.6％,respectively.The median time from PCI to brain metastases was 15 months(95％ CI,12.44-17.56),1-and 2-year brain metastases rates were 77.6％ and 54.1％.PCI had a little influence on HRQOL scales except for cognitive function.Conclusions For patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer who achieve complete or nearly complete remission after initial treatment as well as patients with extensive stage who respond to initial chemotherapy,PCI is effective in decreasing the rate of brain metastasis and improving survival,while the adverse effects is acceptable.There is no significant impact on HRQOL scales during short term.

Background and Purpose:In recent years,along with marked rise in the incidence of lung cancer,the incidence of brain metastasis from lung cancer has increased year by year.The main treatment strategy of lung cancer with brain metastasis is irradiation,while so far there are only few researches concerning chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for these patients.The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect,survival rate and toxicity of chemotherapy with VM_(26)+DDP regimen given concurrently with whole-brain radiotherapy in lung cancer with brain metastasis.Methods:From Sep.2000 to Oct.2001,forty-one patients with lung cancer with brain metastasis were divided randomly into two groups: 20 patients(14 male,6 female) received concurrent chemoradiotherapy(chemoradiotherapy group),the other 21 patients(14 male,7 female) received only radiotherapy(radiotherapy group).In the chemoradiotherapy group,the average age was 50 years with range 40 to 70 years,16 patients were non-small-cell lung cancer,4 patients were small-cell lung cancer.In the radiotherapy group,the average age was 52 years with range 40 to 73 years and 19 patients were non-small-cell lung cancer,2 patients were small-cell lung cancer.For both groups,the same radiation technique was given with conventional fraction.Radiotherapy was delivered by 6MV.Fractionations of 3Gy/fraction/day was delivered 10Gy/5 factions/week.The total dose was 30Gy/10Fr/2W.For chemoradiotherapy group,the patients were also given concurrent chemotherapy(VM_(26) 60mg/m~(2)/ day iv on days 1-3,cisplatin 60 mg/m~(2) iv on the 1~(st)day).Results:The response rate and complete response in the chemoradiotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the radiotherapy group(75% ?? 38.10%,P

0.05).Conclusions:Concurrent chemoradiotherapy can be well tolerated even though the acute side-effects less than grade 2 were higher in concurrent chemoradiotherapy than other group.Immediate response was very encouraging in the concurrent group.There was no advantage in terms of survival rate in the concurrent group compared to the sequential group.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal tract factors, especially intestinal ischemiareperfusion, can induce the injury of remote organ. Chinese herb, rhubarb,can clear oxygen free radical to promote the proliferation of beaker cell in intestinal mucous membrane, inhibit excessive multiplication of bacterium and endotoxin absorption in the intestinal tract, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, improve microcirculation and other ways to protect intestinal mucous membrane barrier, so as to prevent and treat pulmonary injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventing and treating effect of rhubarb on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury and the effect of rhubarb on tumor necrosis factor and phospholipase A2 (PLA2).DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Emergency, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February to July 2003. Totally 80SD rats were selected and randomly divided into intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group (n=24), sham operation group (n=46), treatment group (n=24) and normal saline group (n=16).METHODS: In the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group, rats were fasted before operation. They were anesthetized and given a median abdominal incision. Superior mesenteric artery was isolated and occluded by vascular clamp without wound, and then the incision was sutured; 45 minutes later,vascular clamp was taken out to recover blood supply. For the treatment group, modeling was the same as that in the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group, 600 mg/kg suspension of rhubarb extract was gastrointestinally perfused into the rats 30 minutes before recovering blood supply. For the normal saline group, modeling was the same as that in the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group; same dosage of normal saline was gastrointestinally perfused into the rats 30 minutes before recovering blood supply. For the sham operation group, occlusion of superior mesenteric artery was omitted. Taking pathological change and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin pulmonary uptake index as the index to evaluate pulmonary injury, TNF content and serum of pulmonary tissue and PLA2 activity of lung and intestinal tissue of animals in each group were measured respectively at different time points.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 125I labeled bovine bovine serum albumin uptake index, tumor necrosis factor content of blood and pulmonary tissue, and PLA2 activity of serum, lung and intestinal tissue RESULTS: ① Pathological and morphological change of pulmonary tissue: There was no obvious abnormality in the sham operation group; In the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group, 6 hours later, pulmonary interstitial edema, neutrophile infiltration appeared and alveolar edema was also found, and there were a little haemorrhage and exudation of fibrin. Only mild pulmonary interstitial edema and a small quantity of neutrophiles were found in the treatment group. ② Ultramicro-pathological change of pulmonary tissue: There was no obvious change in the sham operation group. In the intestinal ishcemia/reperfusion group, 6 hours later, pulmonary capillary endothelial cells were swelled and neutrophilic granulocyte leaked into pulmonary stroma and alveolar space. There were no above changes in the treatment group. ③ Change of tumor necrosis factor of pulmonary tissue in the sham operation group or treatment group (reperfusion for 30 minutes) was significantly lower than that in the intestinal ischemiareperfusion group (reperfusion for 30 minutes) (0.235±0.114,1.374±0.550,16.315±4.587,P ＜ 0.01). ④125I-BSA pulmonary uptake index in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the intestinal ischemiareperfusion group and normal saline group (P ＜ 0.01), without significant difference in comparison with sham operation group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Early application of rhubarb is helpful to prevent and treat lung injury following small intestine ischemic reperfusion, so as to inhibit tissue disease course to deve1op multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,which might be implemented through inhibiting the release of TNF and PLA2 and other media.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and treatment-related toxicity of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)in patients with medically inoperable stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods SBRT was applied to 30 patients, including clinically staged T1 ,T2(≤5cm)or T3(chest wall primary tumors only), N0, M0 ,biopsy-confirmed NSCLC. All patients were precluded from lobotomy because of physical condition or comorbidity. No patients developed tumors of any T-stage in the proximal zone. SBRT was performed with the total dose of 50 Gy to 70 Gy in 10 - 11 fractions during 12 - 15 days. prescription line was set onthe edge of the PTV. Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of patients who completed the 1-, and 2-year follow-up were 15, and 10, respectively. All 30 patients completed therapy as planned. The complete response(CR), partial response(PR)and stable disease(SD)rates were 37%, 53% and 3%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 16 months(range,4-36 months), Kaplan-Meier local control at 2 years was 94%. The 2-year overall survival was 84% and the 2-year cancer specific survival was 90%. Seven patients(23%)developed Grade 2 pneumonitis, no grade ＞ 2 acute or late lung toxicity was observed. No one developed chest wall pain. Conclusions It is feasible to deliver 50 Gy to 70 Gy of SBRT in 10 - 11 fractions for medically inoperable patients with stage Ⅰ / Ⅱ NSCLC. It was associated with low incidence of toxicities and provided sustained local tumor control.The preliminary investigation indicated the cancer specific survival probability of SBRT was high. It is necessary to perform similar investigation in a larger number of patients with long-term follow-up.

ween WHO histological subtype and Masaoka clinical stage, and their combination is valuable for guiding postoperative treatment in thymoma.