Blood-spleen barrier is an important part of the structure and function of spleen.In recent years,blood-spleen barrier gradually arouse people's attention and was often reported.This review focuses on the research progress of the structure and function of blood-spleen battier.

Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (EST) is more popular because of slight trauma and early recovery,therefore,its complications are always neglected,and the abuse of EST occur now and then.This paper summarized the applications of EST and analyzed its complications in recent 10 years in our country,It demonstrates that EST should been correctly treated and appropriately used.

In the state of the stress,macrophage apoptosis is increased,function of secretion disordered and the ability of antigen-presenting redused,so the defense system is significantly reduced.This is one rea-son of complications including infection,sepsis,systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple or-gan failure.But mild heat stress may promote the immunological function of splenic macrophage.

AIM: To investigate the role of mild heat stress towards the immunological function of splenic macrophages and significance of BiP protein expression. METHODS: Primary cultured splenic macrophages were prepared and placed in 41 ℃ thermostat for thermal stress and restored to 37 ℃ after an hour. Heat stressed macrophages were separated into groups at time points of 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 180 min, and their BiP mRNA and BiP protein expressions were detected. At the same time, the phagocytic function, cytotoxicity and chemotaxis of the macrophages were detected. RESULTS: After heat stress, the expressions of BiP mRNA and BiP protein in splenic macrophages remarkably increased, and reached to peak after 30-60 min, still remained higher than control group after 120 min and restored to normal level after 180 min. At the same time, mild heat stress enhanced the phagocytotic, cytotoxicity and chemotactic activities of splenic macrophages, and reached to peak after 60 min then gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: The expression of BiP protein is enhanced after mild heat stress, synchronous changes happen both in BiP protein expression and cellular function. There is close relation between BiP protein expression and increased functions of splenic macrophages induced by mild heat stress.

BACKGROUND: That the nerve growth factor(NGF) is capable of treating peripheral nerve injury has been broadly acknowledged. But it is not sure whether it is able to pass through blood brain barrier(BBB) to act on central nerve system. In this study, the NGF encapsulated in liposome was compared with NGF alone in their abilities of passing through BBB.OBJECTIVE: To compare the dedicated distribution of NGF in different forms using single photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT).DESIGN: It is a randomized controlled study with New Zealand rabbits as subject.SETTING: An affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical College.MATERIALS:The trial was conducted in Nanjing Senke Medical Company and the Nuclear Medicine Department of the First Hospital of Nanjing Medical College from June 2003 to May 2004. The subjects were 19 New Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighting (2.0 ±0. 2) kg, from Anlimo Technology Company. [99Tcm] -NGF(labeling rate 98.9%, purity 99.7% )was made by Senke Medical Company. Liposome was provided by Shengyang Pharmaceutical College. Urethine solution(200 g/L) was from Pharmacy Department of NanJing Medical Collage.METHODS: [99Tcm]-NGF was encapsulated in liposome and was treated as the following: The liposomesA containing 1.48 × 108Bq[99Tcm] -NGF were injected into rabbits and its distribution percentage was analyzed with SPECT. The same amounts of[99Tcm] -NGF and[99Tcm] -NGF-ordinary liposomesB were treated in the same way.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ratio of concentration and radiation percentage of NGF in brain to those in the whole body.RESULTS: The[99Tcm]-NGF encapsulated in self-made liposomeA presented high radiation in the brain. But[99Tcm] -NGF alone was almost completely excreted through urinary system and[99Tcm] -NGF encapsuled in ordinary liposomeB was mostly phagocytized by liver reticuloendothelial system.CONCLUSION: The self-made NGF-liposomeA is brain-dedicated, which set a basis for drugs to pass through BBB.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of cholesterol in bile on cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-R) in the gallbladder.

METHODSOne hundred Guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, 25 animals for each. The control group was fed a standard diet, and the cholesterol group fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol. After taking the 2% cholesterol diet for two weeks, the natural group persisted on the standard diet, and the treated group was perfused by traditional Chinese medicine. Serum cholecystokinin (CCK) level in the portal vein and maximal binding capacity (B(max)) and Kd of CCK-R in the gallbladder were measured in the four groups by RIA and RBA, and the concentrations of cholesterol in bile were also observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, after high-cholesterol feeding for two weeks, the gallbladder emptying rate [(65.83 +/- 7.32)% approximately (47.22 +/- 5.24)%] and B(max) of CCK-R [(60 +/- 27) approximately (32 +/- 13) fmol/mg protein] and in decreased fasting gallbladder volume (FV) [(0.89 +/- 0.26) approximately (1.34 +/- 0.61) cm(3)] and concentration of cholesterol [(0.44 +/- 0.11) approximately (0.60 +/- 0.13) mmol/L] in bile increased, but no change was in the serum CCK level and Kd of CCK-R in the cholesterol group. Compared with the natural group, after two-week in take of herb decoction of qingre lidan and liqi huoxue, FV [(1.27 +/- 0.60) approximately (0.90 +/- 0.27) cm(3)], RV [(0.85 +/- 0.45) approximately (0.32 +/- 0.12) cm(3)], FB [(0.92 +/- 0.35) approximately (0.73 +/- 0.21) cm(3)], RB [(0.76 +/- 0.34) approximately (0.29 +/- 0.08) cm(3)] in the treated group decreased significantly; but gallbladder emptying rate [(43.06 +/- 4.27)% approximately (67.01 +/- 6.82)%] increased significantly. The concentration of cholesterol in bile was lower in the treated group than in the natural group [(0.59 +/- 0.14) approximately (0.43 +/- 0.10) mmol/L], but no change was found in the serum CCK level. Bmax of CCK-R in the treated group increased significantly [(39 +/- 19) approximately (59 +/- 11) fmol/mg protein], Kd of CCK-R showed no significant changes between the treated group and natural group.

CONCLUSIONHigh cholesterol in gallbladder bile causes defective muscle contraction by down-regulating CCK-R in the gallbladder, so the reduction of cholesterol concentration of bile may contribute to gallbladder contraction.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Cholecystokinin ; blood ; Cholesterol ; analysis ; physiology ; Gallbladder ; chemistry ; physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin ; analysis

Objective To grasp the distribution of iodine in drinking water in the environment of Hainan Province,and provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods In 2017,in all cities (counties,districts) in Hainan Province,townships were used as units to collect water samples to detect iodine content according to their different water supply methods.In the townships with median drinking water iodine ＞ 10 μg/L,the administrative village (neighborhood committee) was used as a unit to collect water sample to detect iodine content.According to the geographical location (central mountainous area,eastern coast,western coast),water source type (tap water,intubation well,spring water),and well depth,the distribution of water iodine was analyzed.Results A total of 2 566 water samples were detected in 21 cities (counties,districts),the median water iodine was 6.0 μg/L,range was 0.1-150.6 μg/L,the median water iodine of all cities (counties,districts) was ＜ 10 μg/L.The median water iodine in the central mountainous area,eastern coast,and western coast were 3.3,6.5,6.5 μg/L,respectively;tap water,intubation well,and spring water were 5.6,6.4,1.3 μg/L,respectively;0-,100-,200-,≥300 m well depth were 6.6,5.1,4.2,and 1.5 μg/L,respectively.The water iodine content range was 0.2-17.9 μg/L in 230 townships in the province,there were 12 townships with the median water iodine ＞ 10 μg/L,including 133 administrative villages (neighborhood committees),and 737 water samples were detected,the water iodine content range was 1.0-37.1 μg/L.Conclusions All cities (counties,districts) in Hainan Province belong to iodine deficiency areas,the central mountainous area is even more serious.Most of the townships in the province are in iodine deficiency.No administrative villages (neighborhood committeea) with high iodine have been found.The province should continue to implement salt iodization to prevent and treat iodine deficiency disorders.