Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Jiangtang granule (SJG) on atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) of lower extremity in patients with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. 30 patients in the treatment group were treated by SJG and 30 patients in the control group were given Cilostazo. Both groups were treated for 3 months. Lower extremity vascular color Doppler image, blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and after the treatment. Results The thickness of atherosclerosis (AS) plaque and arterial media were obviously reduced (t=3.376, 3.468, P<0.05) , serum levels of IL-6 were also be lowered obviously (t=3.345, P<0.05) in the treatment group. While these indexes remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion SJG has remarkable action in reducing the thickness of AS plaque and media of artery. The mechanism might be related with its reducing serum IL-6 level.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Jiangtang Keli (SJK) on atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) of lower extremity in patients with early type 2 diabetes meliitus (T2DM). Methods The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The 30 patients in the treatment group were treated by SJK and the 30 in the control group were given Cilostazo, with both groups were treated for 3 months. Lower extremity vascular color Doppler image, blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and after the treatment,. Results The thickness of atherosclerosis (AS) plaque and arterial intimamedia were obviously reduced (t=3.376, 3.468, P< 0.05 ), serum levels of IL-6 were also be lowered obviously (t=3.345, P<0.05) in the treatment group. While these indexes remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion SJK has remarkable action in reducing the thickness of AS plaque and intima-media of artery. Its mechanism might be related with reducing serum IL-6 level.

OBJECTIVE:To offer the literature basis for clinical safe drug use by literature research about ADR induced by Yishen juanbi pill. METHODS:Using“Yishen juanbi pill”as searching word,related literatures about ADR induced by Yishen juanbi pill were collected from CNKI,and then the occurrence of ADR was summarized and analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 15 literatures were included,involving 58 patients. Primary disease were mainly rheumatoid arthritis (28 cases,48.28%);organs/systems involved in ADR were digestive system (77 cases, 76.24%). Main clinical manifestations were epigastric discomfort, pernicious vomiting,diarrhea,etc. No obvious ADR was found. ADR-inducing dose was mainly 8 g,tid(47 cases,92.16%);ADR-inducing drug combination were two-drug combination (33 cases,56.90%). Fifty-eighe cases of ADR were recovered after treatment,and main treatment was drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Although Yishen juanbi pill may induce ADR,those ADR can disappear spontaneously after drug withdrawal or the symptoms are recovered after symptomatic treatment. Yishen juanbi pill is a relatively safe Chinese patent medicine of anti-inflammatory,but ADR monitoring should be strengthened during application.

Jingui Yaolue is a part ofTreatise on Cold-Attack and Miscellaneous Diseases. Because of the archaic words, students lost the interest on it. So it became the questions that how to make students interested in learning theJingui Yaolue and to make traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) classical guide clinical treatment. Thus, a try has been made to teach the TCM classic in the clinical practice apprentice setting rather than the classrooms. Here, some experiences about apprentice teaching in clinical practice of Jingui Yaolue were shared.

Objective To investigate the effect of perioperative treatment and protection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Methods From February 2010 to December 2015,206 cases with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture treated by PKP were admitted,including 13 HIV infected patients.Blood routine,biochemical indexes,liver and kidney function,blood coagulation function,immune index and preoperative nutritional status were detected before operation.Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),reasonable antibiotics,nutritional and immune support were given to the HIV infected patients.Standardized operation process and meticulous operative manipulation were applied during operation.The prevention of occupational exposure protection standardization process was strictly enforced.The postoperative complications,improvement of immune function and nutritional status,vertebral height,VAS,ODI and exposure occupation of medical personnel were observed.Results All 13 HIV infected patients had successful operations,without bone cement leakage and toxic reaction.One patient had perficial infection and the others had operative incisionprimary healing.There was no death.The levels of vertebral height,VAS scores and ODI scores were significantly improved after intervention and at the end of follow-up (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences between after the intervention and at the end of follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).Eleven malnutrition patients with HIV infected were received nutritional and immune support,and the levels of CD4 +,ALB and Hb were significantly improved:(289.00 ± 54.29) × 106./L vs.(237.25 ± 72.70) × 106/L,(38.04 ± 5.17) g/L vs.(33.73 ± 7.16) g/L,(112.87 ± 15.54) g/L vs.(100.68 ± 18.95) g/L,P ＜ 0.05.The levels of PLT and WBC had no significantly change (P ＞ 0.05).Two medical personnel had occupational exposure,and none had HIV infection.Conclusions Perioperative adjuvant treatment in HIV infected patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture can achieve satisfactory outcomes.Strict implementation of protective standardization process should be focused.

Objective To observe the effect of perioperative treatment on complications in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients undergoing spinal surgery, and summarize effective perioperative management to make these patients to get better treatment. Methods Forty-eight HIV positive patients (experimental group) and 79 HIV negative patients (control group) undergoing spinal surgery from November 2010 to March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The two groups were comparable in age, gender, type of spinal surgery and basic diseases. Nutritional support and the uses of antibiotics and blood transfusion were strengthened in patients of experimental group. Immunomodulatory drugs, the treatment with HAART and occupational protection were also used in patients of experimental group. The patients in control group only received conventional perioperative treatment. Wound healing, opportunistic infection, the failure of internal fixation and death after the operation was observed. The perioperative treatment methods were summarized. Chi square test was used in comparison of the rate and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Surgery was successfully completed in all patients in experimental group and control group. Two cases (4.2%) in experimental group and 4 cases(5.1%) in control group showed delayed healing of incisions. All incisions were healed after debridement and no incision infection happened. CD4+T lymphocyte count of 2 cases in the experimental group was in stage 3. Among them, 1 patient underwent emergency surgery and opportunistic infection appeared after the operation. The other patients for elective surgery took operation when CD4+T lymphocyte counts were adjusted to 2 and no complications appeared. The two groups had no internal fixation failure cases and deaths. Conclusions HIV positive patients with spinal diseases are special patients. HIV positive patients with spinal surgery can reduce complications, and achieve good clinical curative effect by reasonable preoperative assessment, optimization of perioperative treatment, proper type of operation and active prevention of opportunistic infections after surgery.

OBJECTlVE To develop an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of pro-damine ( PDM) and its metabolite 2,4-dinitro-N3-propyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzenediamine ( DTB) in rat plasma in order to study toxicokinetics of PDM in rats. METHODS SD male rats were administered a single dose of PDM ( ig: 100 and 1000 mg·kg-1; iv: 100 mg·kg-1 ) . LC-MS/MS method was used to determine PDM and DTB in rat plasma. Toxicokinetic parameters were fitted using DAS Ver2. 1. 1. RESULTS After ig administration of PDM 100 mg·kg-1 , the parameters of PDM and DTB were as fol-lows:AUC(0-t) was 2715±102 and (6845±316)μg·h·L-1, t1/2z was 9.0±1.4 and (7.1±1.3)h, Tmax was 7.0± 1.6 and (7.0±0.0)h, cmax was 146±51 and (473±103)μg·L-1. After ig administration of PDM 1000 mg·kg-1, the parameters of PDM and DTB were as follows:AUC(0-t) was 3401±242 and (10364± 573)μg·h·L-1, t1/2z was 8.8±2.1 and (6.0±1.8)h, Tmax was (7.0±1.6)h, cmax was 175±56 and (586± 152)μg·L-1 . The absolute bioavailability of PDM was 44.9%( 100 mg·kg-1 ) and 17.1%( 1000 mg·kg-1 ) . CONCLUSlON This method is suitable for the analysis of PDM and DTB in rat plasma. There is evidence that PDM and DTB display nonlinear toxicokinetic characteristics in the studied dose range.

Objective To investigate the attitude toward and perception of the risk of nuclear power plant among the public residing in vicinity of nuclear power plant,as well as the related factors.Methods A face-to-face interview on perceived radiation risks was conducted among 1408 individuals in Liangyungang City, Jiangsu Province.where the Tianwan nuclear power plant was under construction.The four groups was defined according to the distance between the residence of the subjects and the Tianwan nuclear power plant:<4 km,4- 8 km,8-30 km and 30-50 km.A was used to collect information on education,working history,religion, perception of major industries hazards especially nuclear power plant,and major factors may influence their perceptions.Ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the data.Results About 91.18% of the interviewee heard about the nuclear power plant,35.36% of them had knowledge about Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident,71.05% of them believed that the nuclear power plant had no negative effects on environments, 37.03% of them believed that the nuclear energy was safe.74.27% of them believed that it was necessary for China to develop nuclear energy.63.29% of them supported the construction of the nuclear power plant in local area.Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the higher education,higher family annual income,male, economic benefits from the nuclear power plant construction,and trust in local government having competency to handling emergencies were positive factors;otherwise,impression on nuclear power plant of bad influences on environment and health were negative factors.An inverted U-shaped with a right tailing relationship between negative attitudes toward nuclear power plant and distance to the plant was found.Conclusions Education, gender,family annual income and expectation of economic benefit returns were the major factors influencing the perception of and attitudes toward nuclear power plant.More works needed to be done to mitigate the negative attitude of the residents in vicinity of nuclear power plant and enhance the public acceptability .

Objective To study the estimation method of medical exposure frequency in China through the survey of diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy institutions in selected provinces.Methods A survey of medical exposure frequency was carried out involving 557 diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy institutions in 25 provinces.The correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted,with the fitting effects of the models with different variables being compared.Results The total medical exposure frequencies highly correlated with number of outpatient,number of equipment and number of radiation workers (| r| ＞0.5).Representative samples of the daily medical exposure workload were obtained by stratified random sampling from the survey data.Mathematical models were built using the multiple linear regression between total medical exposure frequency and hospital levels,number of outpatients,number of inpatients,number of equipment,and number of radiation workers.The total medical exposure frequency in 2016 was estimated to be 589 million examinations based on the models.In addition,the frequencies of medical procedures were derived using the robust regression and the median regression.Conclusions There are several methods for estimating the total medical exposure frequency.It is desirable to use the stratified random sampling combined with the published statistical and monitoring data.The representativeness of sample is critical.The specification and optimization of models also require further study.

Objective:To study the variation in activity in patient′s body with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with 131I and external dose level, analyze the relationship between the both, and estimate the correction factor for the dose equivalent rate for the patients with residual activity of 400 MBq. Methods:A total of 43 DTC patients who received 131I therapy for the first time after total thyroidectomy were studied. The dose was 1 850-3 700 MBq and average dose was (2 405±777) MBq. The measurements of residual activity in patient′s body and of dose equivalent rate at 0.3, 1 and 3 m in front of the patients were performed at 2, 6, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 44, 46, 48, 54, 68 and 72 h after administration of 131I. Results:The residual activity in patient′s body after 131I therapy varied with time as a function of A= A0 (1.033 16e -0.062 4t+ 0.017 17). It can be estimated that the effective half-life of DTC patients treated with thyroid remnant 131I ablation therapy is 12.19 h. It needs only 26.4-38.9 h to reduce the internal activity to the 400 MBq. The functions of variation with time of normalized dose equivalent rate at 0.3, 1, and 3 m away from patients were: H· 0.3=127.220 7e -0.054 8t+ 3.765 71; H· 1=30.225 8e -0.064 4t+ 0.824 67; and H· 3=4.161 9e -0.061 5t+ 0.167 97, respectively. There was a positive correlation between residual activity and dose equivalent rate at 1 m ( r=0.982, P<0.05), and the function is H· 1=0.025 A+ 1.245. When residual activities in DTC patient′s body were 1 000, 700 and 400 MBq, the corresponding dose equivalent rates at 1 m from patients were 26.2, 18.7 and 11.2 μSv/h, respectively. The correction factors for dose equivalent rate at 0.3, 1 and 3 m from patients with 400 MBq were 0.25, 0.49 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusions:DTC patients with administration of 131I activity below 3 700 MBq need only to be hospitalized for two days to reach the discharge standards. When the residual activity in DTC patient′s body drops to 400 MBq, the dose equivalent rate at 1 m is far less than 25 μSv/h. Simply using the point source formula to estimate the dose equivalent rate around the patient will result in overestimation. Therefore, the correction factor used in the estimation of radiation doses to patients by using the formula needs to be further studied so as to make the model-based estimated result more consistent with the actual situation.