AIM:To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 33 (E33SNP) of thyroglobulin gene and Graves ’ disease ( GD) relapse after antithyroid drug ( ATD) withdrawal .METHODS:The healthy controls (232 cases) and GD patients with discontinued treatment (243 cases) were selected.According to the time of re-lapse, the GD patients were divided into A, B and C subgroups.The A group contained 77 cases of relapse within 1 year, B group contained 86 cases of relapse 1~2 years after treatment and C group contained 80 cases without recurrence within 2 years.The genotypes of E33SNP were identified by RT-PCR.The genotype ratio of thyroglobulin between control group and observation group was comparatively analyzed , and the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH) , free triiodothyro-nine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), ophthalmopathy and goiter size in A , B and C subgroups in different genotype GD patients were investigated .Moreover , cumulative efficiency for patients with different genotypes in the observation group after ATD treatment within 2 years were analyzed .RESULTS:The genotype of E33SNP between observation group and control group had no significant difference , but a significant difference between A , B and C subgroups was observed (P<0.05).The levels of TSH, FT3 and FT4, and goiter size of the patients with different geno-types had no significant difference , while the TRAb levels and ophthalmopathy presented a significant difference ( P <0.05).In addition, the cumulative efficiency within 2 years for GD patients with E33SNP T/T, E33SNP T/C and E33SNP C/C genotypes was 61.8%, 42.6% and 21.3%, respectively, all with significant differences (P<0.05).CONCLU-SION:The GD patients with E33SNP C/C genotype have significantly higher TRAb level and ophthalmopathy rate than those in the patients with E33SNP C/T and E33SNP C/C genotypes, and are more likely to relapse after ATD treatment . The GD patients with E33SNP T/T genotype show a lower recurrence rate .Therefore, combination treatment or other treat-ment modalities may be more reasonable for the GD patients with E 33SNP C/C genotype.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor efficiency of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induced by activated B lymphocyte after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alpha fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA transfection.Methods B lymphocytes were fractionated,purified and activated by recombinant human soluble sCD40L.PGEM4Z/AFP/A64-EGFP plasmid was established in vitro,mixed with polymerase T7RNA,and then transcribed into AFP mRNA with Poly (A) sequence.B lymphocytes electrotransfected with AFP mRNA were in the experimental group,B lymphocytes electrotransfected with GAPDH mRNA were in the negative control group,and untreated B lymphocytes were in the blank control group.The expressions of antigen-presenting cell (APC)markers (CD19,CD20,CD21,CD40,CD80,CD83) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the 3 groups were detected.B lymphocytes of the 3 groups were cultured with T lymphocytes at ratios of 1∶40,1 ∶ 20,1∶10 and 1∶5 to induce and ampify CTL,and then the absorbance values were detected to evaluate the proliferation ability of T lymphocytes.The killing activity of CTL was investigated with HCC cell line SMMC7721 as the target cells.All data were analyzed using the paired t test,one-way analysis of variance or Tamhane's T2 test.Results The expressions of CD19,CD20,CD21,CD40,CD80 and CD83 of the experimental group were 74 ± 11,78 ±8,80 ± 10,90 ± 11,82 ± 6,56 ± 5,which were significantly higher than 51 ± 5,60 ± 7,53 ± 5,73 ± 8,50 ± 5 and 49 ± 6 of the negative control group,and 46 ± 3,54 ± 5,41 ± 3,56 ± 5,52 ± 6 and 21 ± 4 of the blank control group (t =5.302,4.812,7.627,5.932,9.142,7.813; 11.581,7.036,13.592,12.873,9.235,14.619,P ＜ 0.01).The proliferation of CTL of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group and blank control group (t =18.203,23.714,15.062,9.417 ; 16.833,19.392,13.871,6.592,P ＜0.01).When the T lymphocytes were mixed with the HCC cell line SMMC7721 at the ratios of 40∶ 1,20∶1and 10∶1,the killing rates of HCC cells by CTL of the exprimental group were 43％ 4％,32％ ± 4％ and 22％ ±3％,which were significantly higher than 15％ ± 5％,7％ ± 3％ and 6％ ±2％ of the negative control group,and 7％±3％,8％±3％ and 9％±4％ of the blank control group (t =9.141,13.272,11.901; 14.372,12.835,9.507,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Activated B lymphocytes after HCC AFP mRNA transfection may effectively induce CTL to kill HCC cells.

Objective To investigate AXIN2 mRNA expression level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) , and to analyze the effect of AXIN2 gene methylation status on its mRNA expression and HCC genesis and development. Methods Fifty-three surgical excised HCC specimens and paired adjacent non-cancerous specimens, seven normal liver specimens and five HCC cell lines were collected. The expression of AXIN2 at mRNA level and the methylation status of AXIN2 gene promoter were determined by quantitative PCR. Results The expression of AXIN2 mRNA was lower in HCC tissues (0.1629 + 0.0679) than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (0. 4155 + 0. 2330), and there was significant difference (Z= -2. 567, P = 0. 010). The methylation level of AXIN2 gene in HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (39. 77% ±3. 89%, and 36. 92% ±2. 81%) was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues (7. 38% ±2. 40% , t=-3. 663 ,P = 0. 009;t= -4. 591 ,P = 0. 007).AXIN2 gene was hypermethylated in all five HCC cell lines. There was a negative correlation between AXIN2 mRNA expression level and the degree of methylation ( r = -0. 458, P = 0. 032). The methylation level was higher in TNM Ⅲ patients of HCC than that in TNM Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients (P =0.008). Conclusion The down-regulation of AXIN2 gene mRNA expression is correlated with its hypermethylation status. The low expression of AXIN2 mRNA and the abnormal methylation of promoter may be one of the important mechanism of HCC genesis and development.

Bronchial asthma and obesity are two chronic diseases that do harm to children′s health.The incidence of the two diseases is increasing, and they promote each other appearing to be causal.This paper reviews the clinical characteristics, atopy, potential biomarkers of obese asthma in children, as well as obesity-mediated metabolic abnormalities and immune responses, including inflammatory factors in fat and the role of adipokines in obese asthma.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-29c on radiosensitivity of hepatoma HepG2 cells by targeting AKT2 gene.Methods The expression of miR-29c in human normal hepatocytes THLE-3 and hepatoma cell HepG2 was detected by RT-PCR.The relationship between miR-29c and AKT2 were predicted by predicted by informative analysis and verified by dual luciferase reporter gene test and Western blot.miR-29c mimic/AKT2 gene recombinant plasmid and miR-29c inhibitor/ lentivirus vector AKT2 shRNA were transfected into HepG2 cells by Liposome 2000.The cells were irradiated with different doses (0,2,4,6 and 8 Gy) of X-rays,and the effects of miR-29/AKT2 on the survival and cell viability of HepG2 cells were detected by cloning and MTT assays.Results Compared with THLE-3 cells,the expression of miR-29c in HepG2 cells was significantly lower (t=17.816,P＜0.05).After 2,4,6 and 8 Gy X-ray irradiation,the survival of HepG2 cells was significantly lower than that of THLE-3 cells (t =4.541,6.823,7.218,9.363,P＜0.05),and the expression of miR-29c in HepG2 cells was significantly decreased (t =5.599,9.262,10.470,10.873,P＜0.05).The survival and viability of HepG2 cells were decreased by miR-29c overexpression (tsurvival rate =4.307,7.668,7.668,6.894,P＜0.05;tcell viability =3.443,8.116,13.434,P ＜ 0.05) but they were increased by miR-29c inhibition (tsurvival rate =4.003,6.713,7.141,P＜0.05;tcell viability =4.282,5.113,P＜0.05).Double luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that AKT2 was the target gene of miR-29c since the expression of AKT2 was negatively regulated by miR-29c.After the silence of AKT2 or overexpression of AKT2,the survival and viability of HepG2 cells were consistent with the overexpression of miR-29c or the inhibition of miR-29c,respectively.Conclusions MiR-29c increases the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cell HepG2 by targeting AKT2.

This clinical data of 3 cases of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) who had no remission after taking to-pical glucocorticoids and antihistamines were collected retrospectively.The patients were treated with Dupilumab in the Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from April to October 2021.All 3 cases developed eczema-like rashes with strong itching and sleep disturbance within the first year after their birth.The children′ quality of life was seriously impaired.All the cases were combined with allergic rhinitis, 2 cases of whom were simultaneously complicated with bronchial asthma.After 14-18 weeks of treatment, the rash, pruritic symptoms and quality of life were significantly improved.Meanwhile, rhinitis symptoms were reduced, asthma control scores and lung function were improved to varying degrees.No serious adverse reactions occurred during the injection period.

Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.

Objective:To observe the role of Huaiqihuang Granules (HQ) in the long-term management of bronchial asthma in young children, and the effective effect on concomitant rhinitis.Methods:A prospective real-world multicenter study was conducted in children aged 2-5 years with asthma diagnosed in the outpatient department (from April 2016 to March 2019)who received either inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)(control group); inhaled ICS/LTRA plus HQ(combination group), or HQ alone(HQ group). All patients were followed up at week 4, 8, 12 after treatment. The number of days with asthma symptoms, the frequency of severe asthma attacks, the level of asthma control, and the days with rhinitis symptoms in the last 4 weeks were recorded. Differences before and after treatment, and those among groups after treatment were compared using Kruskal- Wallis H test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results:A total of 2 234 eligible patients were recruited, and 2 147 cases completed followed-up visits, including 477, 1 374 and 296 cases in the control group, combination group, and HQ group, respectively. After the treatment, all 3 groups showed significant declines in the days with asthma symptoms, frequency of severe asthma attack and the days with rhinitis symptoms (all P<0.01), and the rate of well-controlled asthma increased significantly ( P<0.01). It lasted until the end of follow-up. Among groups, patients in the combination group showed significantly less days of asthma symptoms than those of the other 2 group at week 8 and 12[0(0, 0.9) d vs.0(0, 0.3) d, P<0.05; 0(0, 0.1) d vs. 0(0, 1.0) d, P<0.01]. Patients in the combination group and HQ group showed a significantly lower rate of severe asthma attacks than that of the control group at week 12 [0(0, 1), 0(0, 1), 0(0, 2), all P<0.05]. The well-controlled rate of asthma in the combination group was significantly higher than that of the control group and HQ group at week 8 and 12 (89.6% vs. 85.9% vs.82.1%, H=15.28; 90.9% vs. 84.1% vs. 81.8%, χ2=29.32, all P<0.01). Conclusions:HQ can significantly alleviate symptoms of asthma and rhinitis, severe attack of asthma, and increase the control rate of asthma when used as an additional treatment or used alone.

Objective:To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of Omalizumab for treating pediatric allergic asthma in real world in China.Methods:The clinical data of children aged 6 to 11 years with allergic asthma who received Omalizumab treatment in 17 hospitals in China between July 6, 2018 and September 30, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Such information as the demographic characteristics, allergic history, family history, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, specific IgE levels, skin prick test, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels, eosinophil (EOS) counts, and comorbidities at baseline were collected.Descriptive analysis of the Omalizumab treatment mode was made, and the difference in the first dose, injection frequency and course of treatment between the Omalizumab treatment mode and the mode recommended in the instruction was investigated.Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE) analysis was made after Omalizumab treatment.The moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose, lung functions were compared before and after Omalizumab treatment.Changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) results from baseline to 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after Omalizumab treatment were studied.The commodity improvement was assessed.The adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) were analyzed for the evaluation of Omalizumab treatment safety.The difference in the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation and ICS reduction was investigated by using t test.The significance level was set to 0.05.Other parameters were all subject to descriptive analysis.A total of 200 allergic asthma patients were enrolled, including 75.5% ( n=151) males and 24.5% ( n=49) females.The patients aged (8.20±1.81) years. Results:The median total IgE level of the 200 patients was 513.5 (24.4-11 600.0) IU/mL.Their median treatment time with Omalizumab was 112 (1-666) days.Their first dose of Omalizumab was 300 (150-600) mg.Of the 200 cases, 114 cases (57.0%) followed the first Omalizumab dosage recommended in the instruction.After 4-6 months of Omalizumab treatment, 88.5% of the patients enrolled ( n=117) responded to Omalizumab.After 4 weeks of treatment with Omalizumab, asthma was well-controlled, with an increased C-ACT score [from (22.70±3.70) points to (18.90±3.74) points at baseline]. Four-six months after Omalizumab administration, the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation had a reduction of (2.00±5.68) per patient year( t=4.702 5, P<0.001), the median ICS daily dose was lowered [0 (0-240) μg vs. 160 (50-4 000) μg at baseline] ( P<0.001), the PAQLQ score was improved [(154.90±8.57) points vs. (122.80±27.15) points at baseline], and the forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted (FEV 1%pred) was increased [(92.80±10.50)% vs. (89.70±18.17)% at baseline]. In patients with available evaluations for comorbidities, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis and sinusitis, 92.8%-100.0% showed improved symptoms.A total of 124 AE were reported in 58 (29.0%) of the 200 patients, and the annual incidence was 0(0-15.1) per patient year.In 53 patients who suffered AE, 44 patients (83.0%) and 9 patients (17.0%) reported mild and moderate AE, respectively.No severe AE were observed in patients.The annual incidence of SAE was 0(0-1.9) per patient year.Most common drug-related AE were abdominal pain (2 patients, 1.0%) and fever (2 patients, 1.0%). No patient withdrew Omalizumab due to AE. Conclusions:Omalizumab shows good effectiveness and safety for the treatment of asthma in children.It can reduce the moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, reduce the ICS dose, improve asthma control levels, and improve lung functions and quality of life of patients.