Following genomes from various strains of Chlamydia spp being sequenced,it was found that there were only tiny changes in their gene components,the infected host variety and pathogenisis process were very different.The genomes from Chlamydia trachomatis,C.muridarum,C.pneumoniae,Chlamydophila caviae were studied in detail,which revealed the relationship of chlamydial genomes and multiple members causes.The discovery of polymorphic membrane protein gene family,type Ⅲ secretion gene and peptidoglycan coding gene showed the great research success in the field.After the complete nucleotide acids of various species and strains of Chlamydia spp were sequenced many proteins were further identified,involving the outer membrane protein,major outer membrane protein,hot shock protein and polymorphic membrane protein with different functions and structures.Fully understanding the properties of these proteins is in favor of studying mechanisms of pathogenisis and immunity of Chlamydia as well as high-effective gene engineering vaccine against chlamydiosis.

BACKGROUND:Cyclin D1 and P16 promote cellular proliferation and inhibit cellular division by regulating the activity of CDK4. There existes to some extent amplification or overexpression of cyclin D1 gene together with P16 gene the inactivation of P16 gene in the many tumors.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship of the amplification of cyclin D1 and the deletion of P16 and lung cancer.DESIGN: Controlled trial of case samples.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, the 81 Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Tissue samples of 40 cases of lung cancer were obtained from surgical specimens of tumor tissues and normal lung tissues at the 81 hospital of Chinese PLA between June 1998 and June 1999. Informed consent was obtained from the patients.METHODS: Method of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted. Cyclin D1 gene and P16 gene were amplified in the same tube,using extracted genome DNA as template. 10 μL PCR products were separated on a 15 g/L agarose gel.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Amplificative result of cyclin D1and P16 in the pathological tissue of the patients with lung cancer. ② Relationship of cyclin D1 and P16 and the biological character of lung cancer.RESULTS: ① The amplified positive rates of cyclin D1 gene and P16gene in lung cancer were 55.0%(22/40) and 65%(26/40) respectively.②Relationship of cyclin D1 and P16 and biological characters of lung cancer :The amplified positive rate of both of them is closely related to the metastasis of lymph node and the staging of clinical pathology. With the incidence and development of metastasis, amplification positive rate of cyclin D1 was increased while the positive rate of P16 decreased.CONCLUSION: The high amplification of Cyclin D1 and the high deletion of P16 gene is closely related to the high activity of proliferation of lung cancer. To detect the changes of these two genes would help us to judge the metastasis, malignant extent and patients' prognosis.

The sequence encoding an E2 main antigen glycoprotein of the C strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was highly expressed in the host cell E. coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIL using the pGEX-4T-1 expression vector and the soluble recombinant product was purified with Glutathione Sepharose TM<'4B> by centrifugation. The soluble recombinant protein showed good immune reactions and was confirmed by Western blot using anti-CSFV-specific antibodies. Then an indirect ELISA with the purified E2 protein as the coating antigen was established to detect antibody against CSFV. The result revealed that the optimal concentration of coated antigen was 0.6 μg/well and the optimal dilution of serum was 1:80. The positive cut-off value of this ELISA assay was OD<,tested serum>/OD<,negative serum>≥2.1- The E2-ELISA method was evaluated by comparison with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). When a total of 100 field serum samples were tested the sensitivity and specificity were 90.3% and 94.7% respectively. Specificity analysis showed that there were no cross-reactions between BVD serum and the purified E2 protein in the E2-ELISA.

Objective To explore the clinical features, imaging and their diagnosis vaule of Baló's concentric sclerosis (BCS). Methods The clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, neuroimaging characteristics, pathology and follow-up of 12 (2 outpatients and 10 inpatients) cases of BCS were analyzed retrospectively. Results The onset age of 12 patients (male 4, female 8) ranged from 8 to 54 years old (mean 36.8 years). Unconcerned and slowness response were common in the disease onset (7 cases).Other symptoms and signs such as hypophrenia ( 10 cases), limitation of limb or hand movement (8 cases),urinary and fecal incontinence (7 cases), hypo-myodynamia (7 cases), positive pyramidal sign (6 cases)were not rare in course of disease. Eight cases underwent the examination of cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein, which increased in 7 cases. Demyelinating change and perivascular inflammatory infiltration were shown in 6 brain biopsies. The involvements of multi-lesions were found in 11 cases. Four patients underwent CT scanning and all the cases showed with hypodense lesions and couldn' t be enhanced. On MRI, all cases appeared round or round-like in shape. Enhanced lesions showed ring-like or half-ting-like shape (8 cases) and concentric ring (3 cases). It's easy to be misdiagnosed as brain tumor (8 cases).Conclusions BCS is a kind of demyelinating disease of subacute or chronic onset accompanied with cognitive disorder being the most common initiating symptoms. It's prone to be misdiagnosed. Diagnosis depends on MRI and corticosteroid treatment is effective. BCS has a good prognosis and presents with benign clinical course.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrated source of autologous platelets after centrifugation, being used widely in plastic surgery and oral-maxillofacial surgery. Recent studies have showed that PRP can improve bone repair, vasculogenesis, and soft tissue repair. Composite of PRP and stem cells is applied in the field of orthopedics and tissue engineering. As a matter of fact, PRP has become a hot research topic. In addition, PRP plays an important role in the healing of chronic wound. This paper briefly introduces the main components of PRP and its clinical application, the mechanism for bone healing and soft tissue repair, as well as the latest research achievement and discussion in the shortcoming of PRP in clinical application.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of three-dimensional interactive reduction of femoral neck and shaft in treatment of irreducible femoral neck fracture.Methods The study enrolled 40 patients with irreducible femoral neck fractures treated by three-dimensional interactive reduction of femoral neck/shaft and internal fixation with three cannulated screws from June 2011 to July 2013 (study group).Frontal and lateral X-ray films were taken after operation.Garden index was used to evaluate the fracture reduction quality and Harris hip score was recorded.Meanwhile,a retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients with irreducible femoral neck fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws between January 2008 and December 2010 (control group).Results Patients in study group obtained satisfactory reduction by minimally traumatic closed reduction.According to the Garden index,fracture reduction quality was level 1 in 24 patients and level 2 in 16 patients.Thirty-two patients were followed up for 12-28 months (mean,21 months),which showed fracture healing.At the final follow-up,Harris hip score was 87 points (range,61-100 points) and 4 patients had femoral head avascular necrosis.By contrast,6 patients in control group showed fracture nonunion.At the final follow-up,Harris hip score was 60 points (range,20-100 points) and 8 patients had femoral head avascular necrosis.Conclusion Three-dimensional interactive reduction of femoral neck and shaft provides good hip function recovery and decreased incidence of femoral head avascular necrosis and fracture disunion compared with the open reduction and internal fixation.

Objective To observe the electrophysiological changes, especially in the examination of external anal sphincter electromyography ( EAS-EMG), with those patients diagnosed as multiple system atrophy ( MSA), Parkinson's disease (PD) and late-onset spinocerebellar ataxia (LOSCA) and explore its clinical diagnostic value as well as differential diagnostic value for the three diseases. Methods The clinical data, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data as well as results of EAS-EMG for 3 groups patients, including 88-cases MSA, 69-cases PD and 18-cases LOSCA, were analyzed retrospectively.Results EAS-EMG showed that 84 cases (95.5%) in MSA group had varying degrees of neurogenic injury. Meanwhile, mean motor unit potentials (MUPs) duration (( 12.92 ± 2.59)ms), mean MUPs amplitude ( ( 648.6 ± 251.0 ) μV ), and MUPs polyphasicity ( percentage of polyphasic MUPs; 42. 6% ±21.2% ) in MSA group were significantly different from those in PD ( ( 8. 99 ± 0. 47 ) ms, (470. 0 ±91.9) μV, 24.2% ±11.0%) and LOSCA groups ((9.04 ±0.62)ms, (493.1 ± 113.7)μV,22.0% ±12. 1%; Welch:94. 240,18. 093,26. 710,all P =0. 000). The spontaneous potentials and satellite potentials showed more common in MSA group, but not in other groups. Conclusions MSA and PD and LOSCA are easily mutually misdiagnosed because of some similar syndromes, but the method of EAS-EMG could be effective and helpful to enhance accurate diagnostic rate of MSA and its differential diagnosis with PD and LOSCA.

Objective To summarize the clinical features, neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics of 26 patients with tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases (TIDD) confirmed by histopathology for better diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods The clinical features, neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics of 26 patients (14 male, 12 female) with pathologically proven TIDD(24 brain-type and 2 spinal cord-type ) were retrospectively analysed. Results The mean onset age was 6-69 (36.7±13.8) years. Twenty-one patients had good prognosis with a median followed-up duration of 51.0 months. Two patients were died of post-operative complication and pulmonary infection respectively and the remaining 3 patients were lost to followed up. The TIDD patients almost showed monophasic clinical setting. Headache, indifference accompanied with hypomnesis were the commonest initial symptoms. The positive or abnormol rates of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands (OCB) and myelin basic protein (MBP)in TIDD patients were high. The involvements of bilateral and multi-lesions were commonest in TIDD (61.5%, 65.4% respectively). Twenty-two patients with CT unenhanced scanning showed hypodense lesions. Long T1 and long T2 signal intensity was showed on MRI and most cases apeared round-like lesion in shape. Acccording to the shape of enhancement of the 23 patients performed with contrast agents, 11 were shown with open-ring enhancement, 4 cases (including 2 accompanied with open-ring enhancement) with complete ring enhancement, 3 with asymmetrical dotted enhancement, 2 with diffused even enhancement,and no enhancement was seen in the other 6. Furthermore, 14 cases with DWI and 12 with FLAIR all appeared hyperdensity. The typical pathological changes were demyelinating, perivascular inflammatory cells infiltration and reactive gliosis. Occationally, the Creutzfeuldt cells were also found in brain tissue of some patients. Conclusions TIDD is a distinct demyelinating disease entity. In spite of being apt to be confused with the neoplasm in brain and spinal cord. TIDD has its own-features, for example, OCB is frequently positive in patients with TIDD and the level of MBP may be significantly increased. Furthermore, the involvements of bilateral and multi-lesions are the common in TIDD, and most cases showed open-ring enhancement or complete rim enhancement on MRI. In addition, all cases present hypodense lesions on unenhanced CT and patients with hyperdense seemed not to be considered as TIDD.

In this study,a synthesized quadruple antigenic epitope gene region of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV)E2 glycoprotein was expressed in E.coli to a obtain target protein.This target protein was used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect ELISA for specifically detecting anti-CSFV antibodies in serum samples from pigs.The P/N cut-off value of this assay was 1.92 by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis based on 30 negative sera and 80 positive samples.The test gave 97.5% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity compared with the indirect hemagglutination(IHA)test.The inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs)for 16 sera were both ≤6.8%.No cross-reactivity between the coating antigen and anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus(BVDV)antibodies was observed.

A plasmids of continuous expressing shRNAs targeting the NDV NA-1 Phosphoprotein (P) gene was designed.Virus titration,Real Time RT-PCR,CPE indicated that P-specific siRNA could inhibit virus replication at 36 h post-virus infection.In future studies,a combination of siRNAs targeting the NP and L gene may be used as a tool to study NDV replication and antiviral therapy.