Objective To observe the changes of serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 level before and after treatment at intestine get rid of filth and adjustment intestine microenviroment in patients with advanced stage liver cirrhosis and to oberserve the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) and to research a method that can more efficient reduce the incidence of SBP.Methods Group A was given conventional treatment such as protection liver,supplement human albumin and uragogue;goup B was given FPA 0 2g tid po,continuous three days on the basis of two weeks conventional treatment,group C was given Tab comfort get 0 5g tid po,Changtai orally taken liquid,10ml tid po,lactulose 10ml tid po, for all 8 weeks,on the basis of group B treatment after pausing use FPA.Results Serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels in group A was not significantly changes after treatment,,SBP incidence was higher than both group B and group C;at group B,serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels decline,SBP incidence significantly drop afer treatment,at group C,serum endotoxin,interleukin-6 level and SBP incidence significantly drop,the difference was significant at statistics as compared with group A and B.Conclusions The treatment at intestine get rid of filth and adjustment intestine microenviroment can effectively reduce serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels and can significantly reduce the incidence of SBP.

BACKGROUND:Researches on establishing restenosis models in rats emphasize the importancc of 2.0 Forgarty balloon catheter import,but little has been mentioned about domestic-made balloon catheter.OBJECTIVE:To explore the characteristics of vessel restenosis model by denuding arterial endothelium with domestic-made 2.0 Forgarty balloon catheter in rats.DESIGN:A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING:Laboratory of Pathophysiology,Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALs:This study was performed at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology,Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2006 and January 2007.Healthy male SD rats,weighing 300-350 g,were selected.The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals.Domestic-made 2.0 Forgarty balloon catheters were made of balloons and catheters.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),collagen I,and SM α-actin immunohistochemical staining kits were provided by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,China.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham-operated group(n=5),7th day model group(n=4),14th day model group(n=5),and 21st day model group(n=4).The vessel restenosis models were established in the latter 3 groups by denuding arterial endothelium with domestic-made balloon catheter in rats.In the sham-operated group,rats were without insertion of balloon catheter.Injured thoracic aortas were taken out for HE staining to observe histological changes of vascular intima.At the meantime,expressions of SM α-actin,PCNA and collagen I were determined by immunohistochemical method in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Histological changes of intima at the thoracic aorta as well as expressions of SM α-actin,PCNA and collagen I.RESULTS:Eighteen rats were included in the final analysis.The aortal vascular walls remained integrity without narrowness of the lumen areas and proliferation of the endothelium,vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)ranged regularly in the mesolamella in the sham-operated group.The endothelium had little proliferation in the 7th day model group.The intima thickened and the area of lumen became narrow in the 14th day model group.The intimal hyperplasia was diffusive and progressive which mainly included VSMCs,the area of lumen narrowed markedly and cells ranged disorderly in mesolamella in the 21st day model group.In the 14th day model group,PCNA level was higher compared to the remaining 3 groups(P＜0.01).SM α-actin level were significantly higher in the 14th and 21st day model groups than in the sham-operated group and 7th day model group(both P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in collagen I among the groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Vascular intima hyperplasia appeared markedly 14-21 days after domestic-made balloon catheter-induced rat aorta injury.The results suggested that intima hyperplasia is mainly induced by proliferation of VSMCs.

Objective　To study the mucosa immune responses of gastric and intestinal mucosa in Balb／c mice administered orally with Hp sonicate and mucosal adjuvant（LT）．Methods　The changes of antigen specific AFC in gastric and intestinal mucosa were detected by ELISPOT assay． Results　The numbers of sIgA and IgG AFC rise significantly in PP and gastric mucosa， especially the numbers of sIgA-AFC， significant differences were observed between two immunized groups and the control． Conclusions　Locally synthesized specific sIgA antibodies contribute to immunity against gastric helicobacter infection．

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical expression in 8 cases with synchronous occurrence of digestive tract cancer and GIST. Methods Clinical and pathologic data of 8 out of 70 cases of GIST coexisted with gastrointestinal cancer were recorded, and immunohistochemical stain ( Envision method) was used to detect the expressions of CD117, CD34 ,Vimenlin etc. Results In 8 cases of GIST (4 benign, 3 borderline, 1 malignant) coexisted with GI carcinoma, of which 6 cases featured the simultaneous occurrence of GIST and adenocarcinomas (5 cases in slomach and 1 case in colon) , whereas the other 2 cases associated with squamus cell carcinoma of esophagus. In 4 cases, tumors arose from the same organ, in the other 4 cases they developed from different sites of digestive tract. In all of the cases two kinds of neoplasms were developed in different areas without any connection, preoperative endoscopy and biopsy showed adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma, but histologic and clinical diagnosis of coexisted tumors were not achieved in any case. All GIST expressed Vimentin and CD34; 7 cases expressed CD117; 2 cases were focally positive for S-100 protein and 1 each for SMA and Desmin. Conclusion The simultaneous occurrence of epithelial tumor and GIST in digestive tract is not less than that usually expected, in clinical practice we should pay much attention on the diagnosis of this entity. Endoscopic biopsy conjugated with profound inspection during operation and pathological examination of specimen postoperatively can improve the possibility of early diagnosis.

The advent of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9)and the emerging communicable disease has brought us profound thoughts on lemology teaching recently. We analyzed the exiting challenges of lemology teaching, including great changes in communicable diseases com-posing but limited class hours, decreasing of communicable diseases cases, medical students' psycho-logical apprehension, lack of teachers, more and more requirements in the prevention and treatment for communicable diseases from the public, etc. Several suggestions on how to further improve the lemology teaching quality were proposed including adjusting the curriculum arrangement, paing atten-tion to accumulate teaching cases, applying multi-media materials, taking full advantage of the teach-ing cases from specialized hospital, teaching students knowledge about themselves protection, improv-ing the quality of young teachers, emphasizing discipline characteristics and the importance of public health, reforming the teaching method and promoting the effect of teaching in communicable diseases.

Objective:To explore the effect of inherent depression on chronic visceral hypersensitivity. The differences of visceral sensitivity, colitis, and brain activation between Fawn-Hooded ( FH/Wjd) and Sprague-Dawley( SD) rats were identified after neonatal colon acetate stimulation.Methods:The specific pathogen free Fawn-Hooded (FH/Wjd) and Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were used to establish irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model.The visceral sensitivity was measured by colorectal distension (CRD). The expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), mast cell (MC), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in colon and IDO in specific cerebral regions were detected through immunohistochemistry.Results:Ab-dominal withdrawal reflex ( AWR) scores showed that visceral sensitivity of acetate-enema groups was sig-nificantly higher than that of saline-enema groups ( FH/Wjd:2.44 ±0.04 vs.1.96 ±0.07, P<0.05;SD:1.75 ±0.13 vs.1.32 ±0.05, P<0.05).Furthermore, FH/Wjd rats of IBS group scored signifi-cantly higher than SD rats of IBS group (2.44 ±0.04 vs.1.75 ±0.13, P<0.05).The MC amounts of both SD and FH/Wjd IBS group rats were significantly more than those of their control groups ( FH/Wjd:43.24 ±1.72 vs.24.92 ±1.38, P <0.01.SD:23.80 ±1.28 vs.14.24 ±0.92, P <0.01).
Besides, the MC amounts of control and IBS group of FH/Wjd rats were significantly more than that of SD IBS group rats ( P<0 .01 ) .The IDO and 5-HT positive cells in colonic mucosa of IBS group of both SD and FH/Wjd rats were significantly more than those of their control groups, respectively(P <0.01). The IDO, 5-HT positive cells in colonic mucosa of both control and IBS group of FH/Wjd rats were significantly more than those of both control and IBS group of SD rats ( control:IDO,24.64 ±2.22 vs. 15.52 ±1.39;5-HT,21.32 ±1.26 vs.12.72 ±1.12.IBS: IDO,44.92 ±2.31 vs.20.85 ±1.72;5-HT, 31.84 ±1.57 vs.19.65 ±1.09.P <0.01).The expression of IDO in prelimbic cortex (PrL) areas of FH/Wjd IBS rats was significantly higher than that of IBS group of SD rats (49.60 ±4.31 vs. 35.60 ±2.42, P <0.01) , and the expression of IDO in rostral anterior cingulate cortex ( rACC) areas of FH/Wjd IBS rats was significantly more than that of FH/Wjd control rats (45.44 ±1.16 vs.34.08 ± 2.76, P <0.01) .Conclusion:Inherent depressive FH/Wjd rats were more sensitive to neonatal colon acetate stimulation, presenting as visceral hypersensitivity which maybe associated with increased MC amounts and over-expression of 5-HT and IDO in colon, suggesting that depression disorder may aggra-vate functional disturbance of gastrointestinal tract by regulating the response to inflammatory stimulation.

To understand the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin with α-O-4 linkage, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-phenoxypropyl)-phenol was selected as an α-O-4 type lignin dimer model compound, and its pyrolysis process was studied by density functional theory with M06-2X method at 6-31+G (d,p) level. Equilibrium geometries of the reactant, intermediates, transition states and products were fully optimized. The activation energies in each pyrolysis pathway were calculated. The dimer decomposed mainly through the homolytic cleavage and concerted decomposition of the C(α)-O linkage. Pyrolytic products mainly included various phenolic compounds such as phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-vinylphenol and p-coumaryl alcohol, as well as light compounds such as ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde. Pyrolytic depolymerization process has its potential in biomass-based fuels.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Cresols ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Formaldehyde ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Propionates ; chemistry

AIM:To investigate the influence and mechanisms of human pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironments on T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) expression and function of dendritic cells (DCs).METHODS:Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDC) and para-carcinoma tissue DCs were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation from trypsinized pancreatic carcinoma tissues, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from pancre-atic cancer patients or healthy people.The expression of TIM-3 on DCs was detected by flow cytometry.DCs isolated from healthy people peripheral blood mononuclear cells were induced by rhGM-CSF and IL-4.The expression of TIM-3 in the DCs treated with the culture supernatants of Capan-2, SW1990 and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells or human skin fibroblast (Hs27) cells for 48 h, and in the DCs treated with supernatants of Capan-2 cells, anti-VEGF-R2, anti-IL-10 and EP2 re-ceptor blocking peptide were evaluated by flow cytometry.The releases of IFN-βand IL-12 in the culture supernatants of DCs pretreated with monoclonal antibody ( mAb) to TIM-3 or DNase+RNase, followed by stimulation with apoptotic Ca-pan-2 cells, were detected by ELISA.RESULTS:DCs in tumor microenvironments had higher expression of TIM-3 than the DCs from para-carcinoma tissues and pancreatic cancer patient or healthy people peripheral blood ( P<0.01 ) .TIM-3 expression in the DCs treated with the culture supernatants of Capan-2, SW1990 and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells for 48 h was much higher than that in Hs27 cells (P<0.05).Treatment with a combination of anti-VEGF-R2, anti-IL-10 and EP2 receptor blocking peptide largely diminished the upregulation of TIM-3 on the DCs mediated by Capan-2 cell superna-tants (P<0.05).The concentrations of IFN-βand IL-12 in the DCs with high expression level of TIM-3 were lower than those in the DCs with low TIM-3 expression level.Treatment with mAb to TIM-3 resulted in much more IFN-βand IL-12 releases (P<0.01), but DNase+RNase made this effect disappear.CONCLUSION:TIM-3 serves as a negative regula-tor of DCs innate immune responses in the pancreatic cancer microenvironments.The secretion of soluble factors to tumor microenvironment by pancreatic cancer cells, including IL-10, VEGF and PGE2 , may contribute to the regulation of TIM-3 expression.

BACKGROUND:Myocardial infarction leads to ischemic changes in the myocardium, triggering the emergence of ventricular remodeling, which is an important cause of death. Myocardial infarction is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly population, but autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from these patients exhibit a weak ability of proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, a positive attempt of allogeneic stem cel transplantation is required in order to obtain better therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of al ogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from 10 neonatal rats and 10 adult rats were isolated, cultured and identified. Another 40 rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=10/group):model group, neonatal rat cel transplantation group, adult rat cel transplantation group, or sham group. Animal models of myocardial infarction were made in rats in the al groups except for the sham group in which the rats were given sham operation. Rats in the two cel transplantation groups were given the corresponding cel transplantation. Four weeks postoperatively, heart function of rats was detected in each group, and cardiac tissues were taken to detect changes in col agen formation and blood vessel density in the infarct area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Four weeks after surgery, rats in the model group showed significant changes in cardiac function indexes as compared with the other groups (P<0.05), while compared with the model group, these cardiac function indexes improved in both two cel transplantation groups, but there was no significant difference between the two cell transplantation groups (P>0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the model group, significantly decreased collagen formation and increased blood vessel density were found in both two cell transplantation groups (P<0.05). Additionally, the vascular density of the infarct area was highest in the sham group (P<0.05). Experimental results show that both neonatal and adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve cardiac function of rats, reduce the formation of collagen in the infarct area and delay ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.

A 52-year-old female presented with unexplained thrombocytopenia for 29 years and a prunosus plaque on the right cheek for 9 years.She had ever been treated with glucocorticoids,which resulted in a slight improvement of the condition,but the platelet count remained below the normal range.During glucocorticoid tapering,she had administrated traditional Chinese medicines for a long peroid.Recently,the plaque on the cheek became swollen and painful with a progressive decrease in platelet count.Routine blood test showed that the count of white blood cells and platelets was 3.0 × 109/L and 2 × 109/L respectively,and the concentration of hemoglobin was 85 g/L.Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple liver hemangiomas,one of which in the left liver lobe measured 14 cm × 5.7 cm in size.After medical treatment,the giant hemangioma in the left lobe was resected.Thereafter,the platelet count increased to 120 × 109/L with the subsidence of swelling of the right cheek.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver with extensive intravascular thrombosis and thrombus organization.Based on these findings,the case was diagnosed as adult Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.