Objective To investigate the effect of Galangin on pyroptosis of bone marrow derived macrophages(BMDMs).Methods BMDMs were cultured in vitro and divided into blank control group,model group and Galangin group with different concentrations.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)were used to construct the pyroptosis model.The effect of different concentrations of Galangin on the proliferation of BMDMs was detected by cell counting Kit-8(CCK-8).The level of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 p10 subunit(caspase-1 p10),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in supernatant and intracellular nucleotide NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)were detected by Western blotting.IL-1β in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The cell death was observed by propidium iodide(PI)staining.High-throughput sequencing was used to compare the gene expression in the model group and Galangin groups at 20 μmol/L.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the 5,10,20,40,60,80 μmol/L Galangin groups on the proliferation level of BMDMs(all P>0.05),indicating that no significant effect of Galangin at 5,10,20,40,60,80 μmol/L was observed on the proliferation of BMDMs.So we selected Galangin at 5,10,20 μmol/L and treatment for 1,2 and 4 hours as the effects of different concentrations and time on the pyroptosis of BMDMs.Compared with blank control group,the expression of caspase-1 p10 and mature IL-1β protein and IL-1β in supernatant in model group were significantly increased(all P<0.05).Compared with model group,the expression of caspase-1 p10 and mature IL-1β protein and IL-1β in supernatant of Galangin at 5,10 and 20 μmol/L were significantly decreased[IL-1β protein expression(gray value):0.155±0.006,0.113±0.006,0.111±0.007 vs.1.000±0.000,caspase-1 p10 protein expression(gray value):0.207±0.044,0.160±0.008,0.082±0.008 vs.1.000±0.000,IL-1β(μg/L):99.80±10.36,85.21±8.78,26.53±4.56 vs.494.10±35.47,all P<0.05].There was no significant difference between the different concentration groups(all P>0.05),but with the extension of treatment time of Galangin,the inhibitory effect was enhanced.The inhibitory effect of Galangin at 20 μmol/L for 4 hours was the most obvious[IL-1β protein expression(gray value):0.186±0.004 vs.1.000±0.000,caspase-1 p10 protein expression(gray value):0.247±0.009 vs.1.000±0.000,IL-1β(μg/L):173.80±10.56 vs.653.80±76.02,all P<0.05].Treatment with 20 μmol/L Galangin for 4 hours could reduce the number of pyroptotic cell deaths(number of view:23.00±3.61 vs.67.67±15.63,P<0.05)and inhibited the expression of NLRP3 protein(gray value:0.178±0.025 vs.0.406±0.066,P<0.05).High-throughput sequencing showed that,compared with the model group,Galangin down-regulated the genes of Nlrp3,Nod2,IL-1β and up-regulated genes of Skp2(also known as Fbxl1),Fbxl20,Fbxl4,Fbxo32 and Fbxw7.Conclusion Galangin inhibited pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages.

Objective To investigate the prophylactic effects of pancreatic duct stenting (PDS) combined with non-storied anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) in difficult bile duct cannulation .Methods One hundred and eight patients who experienced difficult bile duct cannulation during hospitalization from January 2012 to November 2016 in the Department of Gastroenterology of the hospital were enrolled for the study .The patients were ran-domly divided into 4 groups:i.e.Group A that underwent simple PDS , Group B that received NSAID , Group C that were treated with PDS combined with NSAID and Group D that had routine ERCP without preventive measures for PEP .The levels of serum amylase be-fore surgery, 4 and 24 hours after ERCP were observed closely .The scores of abdominal pain were evaluated by VAS method , and the levels of serum amylase , the rate of post ERCP and scores of abdominal pain after ERCP were compared between the 4 groups.Results Four hours after ERCP, serum amylase levels of group B and group C were all significantly lower that those of group D (P<0.05). Serum amylase levels of group A, B and C 24 hours after ERCP were all significantly lower that those of group D (P<0.05).The rate of PEP 24 hours after ERCP for group A and C was 0%, which was obviously lower than that of group D (7.4%)(P<0.05).The VAS scores of various groups 4 and 24 hours after ERCP were significantly higher than that before ERCP (P<0.05).The VAS scores of groups B and C 4 and 24 hours after ERCP were all significantly higher than that of group D (P<0.05), and the VAS scores of group B 4 and 24 hours after ERCP was obviously lower than that of group A (P<0.05).Only at hour 24 after ERCP, the VAS pain scores of group A were higher than that of group D (P<0.05).Conclusion After ERCP, pancreatic duct stenting combined with non-storied anti-inflammatory drug could reduce the rates of hyperamylasemia and PEP , as well as the scores of abdominal pain scores after ERCP, and also could effectively prevent the incidence of pancreatitis after PEP .

Objective To study the curative effect of limited-acupotomy therapy on chronic lumbosacral osteo-fascial compartment syndrome. Methods 59 patients were randomly recruited into a control group (with 29 patients) and a treatment group (with 30 patients). The control group was treated with general-acupotomy therapy, and treatment group was treated with limited-acupotomy therapy. Evaluate the curative effects before the first and the second therapy, and 3 months after the therapy respectively, as well as VAS pain, JOA and CODI scores. Results The curative effect was 96.56% and 100% respectively in the control group and the treatment group 3 months after the treatment. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(χ2＝0.19,P＞ 0.05). As to VAS pain scores, JOA and CODI scores, the difference among the three stages of the treatment were significant (in control group F＝165.70, 99.90, 106.60 respectively, in treatment group F＝279.76, 154.34, 67.36 respectively, P＜0.01)in both groups respectively, but the difference between the two groups were not significant(P＞0.05) in each stage. Conclusion Limited-acupotomy therapy was safe and effective in treating chronic lumbosacral osteo-fascial compartment syndrome.