Objective To evaluate the protective effects of ulinastatin on renal function in rabbits with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups: control group, traumatic hemorrhagic shock group and ulinastatin treatment group. Blood was sampled at two time points: pre-shock and 4h after blood volume replenishment, and the plasma levels of NE, BUN and Cr were measured. 4h after blood volume replenishment, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the activity of MPO in renal tissue and urine NAG were measured. Results In all the three groups, the plasma concentrations of BUN and Cr were somewhat elevated but showed no statistical significance in comparison with each other. The activity of NE in blood, MPO in renal tissue and NAG in urine were increased significantly in the traumatic hemorrhagic shock group compared with those of ulinastatin-treated group (P

Objective To study the strain difference in response to the antidepressant fluoxetine in mouse tail suspension test.Methods Two outbred mouse strains (KM and ICR) and three inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6,Balb/c and DBA/2) were used in this study.They were treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine or saline and the immobility time in tail suspension test was recorded.Results There was significant difference of baseline immobility time among different stains with C57BL/6 the most immobile((145.0 ±16.8) s) and DBA/2 the least ((34.5 ± 6.1)s).Fluoxetine significantly decreased the immobility time in C57BL/6 ((116.0 ± 10.3) s vs (145.0 ± 16.8) s) of control),Balb/c ((44.3 ± 6.2) s vs (75.3 ± 10.3) s) of control) and DBA/2 mice ((16.6 ± 4.3) s vs (34.5 ± 6.1) s) of control),while the immobile time of KM and ICR mice was not influenced by fluoxetine.Conclusion The effects of fluoxetine in tail suspension test are strain dependent.Fluoxetiue exhibits antidepressant effects in C57BL/6,Balb/c and DBA/2 mice,but not in KM and ICR mice.

Objective: To study whether domestic chloramphenicol eye drops with different ethylparabenin content meet the re-quirements in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Methods:Antimicrobial effect test was used to examine the antimicrobial effect of the different eye drops. Results:The antimicrobial effect of the eye drops was in compliance with the requirements in the pharmacopoeia. Conclu-sion:The ethylparabenin concentration in the eye drops is higher than necessary. Boric acid and borax not only can adjust pH, but also show antimicrobial effect.

From teaching design principle, the article has discussed the key element of the process of hygiene examination teaching designs, and has brought forward three kinds of rational science design process patterns.

Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.

Objective To investigate the changes of interleukin-21 (IL 21) and interleukin-21 receptor (IL 21R) expression level in Crohn's disease (CD) patients before and after accepted infliximab (IFX) treatment.Methods From June 2009 to July 2011,twenty-two CD patients met the research criteria were recruited at Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University.Patients were treated with infliximab at weeks 0,2,6,and 16 healthy individuals were set as healthy control group at same time.Peripheral blood of healthy control group was taken at regular physical examination and blood of CD patients was taken before treatment and 10 weeks after treatment,intestinal mucosa biopsy samples were taken under colon endoscopy examination.The changes of Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP) in CD patients were observed.The change of IL-21R in peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry.The change of IL-21 expression at mRNA level in intestinal mucosa was determined by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The data were analyzed by t test.Results Before treatment,the level of IL21R in peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes of CD patients (12.25％±3.25％) and the expression of IL-21 at mRNA level in inflamed intestinal mucosa (1.38±0.32) were both significantly higher than those of healthy controls (4.25 ％ ± 1.41％,0.44±0.18),the differences were statistically significant (F=15.88,6.75 ; both P＜0.05).At 10th week,the level of IL-21R in peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes of CD patients (8.12％ ± 2.05％) and the expression of IL-21 at mRNA level in intestinal mucosa (0.77 ± 0.24) were both significantly lower than those before treatment,the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.880,8.019; both P＜0.01).Before treatment,ESR,CRP and CDAI of CD patients was (46.8±11.4) mm/1 h,(52.4±11.5) mg/L and 319±74,which was (23.5±9.0) mm/1 h,(11.6±4.6) mg/L and 113±42 after treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t=9.485,16.458,11.100; all P＜0.05).Conclusion The IL-21 expression of active CD patients decreases after IFX treatment,which indicates that IL-21 may involve in IFX induced clinical remission of active CD.

Objective:To investigate the content rationality of antimicrobial agent thimerosal in chloramphenicol eye drops. Meth-ods:Chloramphenicol eye drops with thimerosal at different concentrations were prepared, and the antimicrobial activity was studied. Results:When the test solution contained 0. 02 mg·ml-1 thimerosal, the antimicrobial activity could achieve the requirement in the pharmacopoeia. Conclusion:Thimerosal at different concentrations in the commercial chloramphenicol eye drops all can reach the anti-microbial effect. However, the thimerosal concentration in some eye drops is unreasonably high, which should be reduced.

The molecular descriptors of impurities with known structure in cefdinir were calculated, selected and associated with the chromatographic retention behavior to establish a model. This quantitative structure retention relationships (QSRR) model for the related substances of cefdinir was established under specific chromatographic condition and verified by other impurities. 12 molecular descriptors were used to establish the QSRR model, F_AFRBWF, Blbn_J, SsCH3, SssCH2, SsNH2, SssNH, SssS, SHdCH2, EEM_AFc, EEM_AFpl, EEM_XFpl and Pi_MaxQ. The relativity between true values and predictions in QSRR of cefdinir is R2 = 0.9836 (n = 18), ΔRRT is no more than 0.154, as 10.17% in RRT. The results indicate that the QSRR model for the related substances of cefdinir can be used to evaluate the analysis methods for related substances and predict the chromatographic behavior of new impurities, which will provide a new way for the evaluation of the effectiveness for drug quality control.

Objective To investigate urine adiponectin changes and related factors in different stage of type-2 diabetic ne-phropathy.Methods A total of 1 1 9 DN patients admitted to the Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2013 were selected.The general indices and laboratory examination results were retrospectively analyzed.1 1 9 type-2 diabetic nephropathy patients were divided into normal Proteinuria group,micro-Proteinuria group,macro-Proteinuria group,according to urine albumin excretion rate in 24 hours.45 health subjects from Physical examination center were enrolled as normal group.The UAER of the three groups were compared and the correlation between each index and UAER was analyzed.Results Urine adiponectin levels in normal Proteinuria group was significantly lower than micro-Proteinuria group(P <0.01)and macro-Proteinuria group(P <0.01). Urine adiponectin levels in micro-Proteinuria group was significantly lower than macro-Proteinuria group (P <0.01)and higher than normal group(P < 0.01 ).Urine adiponectin levels in macro-Proteinuria group were significantly higher than normal group (P <0.01 ).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HDL-C,FPG,HbA1c and UAER had effects on the levels of Urine adiponec-tin.Conclusion Urinary adiponectin levels are associated with type 2 diabetic nephropathy,and which was related with HDL-C, FPG,HbA1c and UAER.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of von willebrand factor(VWF)and Pseleetin in the finger-replanted patients,and the relationship between the prognosis of the surgery and hypercoagulability.Methods From December 2004 to December 2006,eishty finger-replanted patients were recruited to our study.with 40 healthy volunteers as controls.Plasma VWF and P-selectin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(EUSA)in both controls and patients before or after replantation.Results The VWF and P-selectin levels had significant differences between the replantations and controls(F=14.76,11.76,P＜0.01).The VWF levels in the patients of 1,4,8,16 hours after replantation were(1 715±493),(1 396±549),(1 266±504),(1 163±436)U/L respectively,all markedly higher than the controls(P＜0.01).The P-selectin levels in patients of 1,4,8,16,24 hours after operation were(14.7±2.6),(12.5±3.0),(11.8±3.2),(11.1±3.0)、(10.5±2.6)μg/L,significanfly higher than the controls(P＜0.01).The VWF levels in patients of pre-replantion and the 1,4,8,16,24,48,72 hours after replantation were(854±209),(1 535±389),(1 177±407),(1 040±283),(958±216),(829±193),(777±151),(713±137)U/L in successful group,and were(1 202±164),(2 333±243),(2 146±161),(2 039±244),(1 865±170),(1 645±283),(1 427±331),(1 188±262)U/L in unsuccessful groups.They were all significantly different at the same test-time points between two groups(t=4.44,5.12,6.10,8.43,10.17,8.85,5.10.4.61,P＜0.05).The P-selectin levels in patients of 1,4,8,16,24,48,72 hours after replantation were(13.9±2.5),(11.2±2.0),(10.2±1.6),(9.6±1.2),(9.2±0.9),(9.5±0.6),(9.3±0.4)μg/L in successful group,and(17.2±1.0),(16.9±1.0),(17.0±1.3),(16.1±1.1),(14.9±1.5),(13.8±1.4),(12.8±1.2)μg/L in unsuccessful group.Significant difference existed at the same testtime points between two groups again(t=5.22.9.91,10.35,12.79,9.46.9.45,9.33,P＜0.01).After replantation,both VWF and P-selectin were rapidly elevated and went to the summit 4 hours later,then declined to pre-replantation level about 24 to 48 hours later after replantation.Conclusions VWF and P-selectin were associated with the hypercoagulability.Dynamic monitoring VWF and p-selectin may be useful in determining the existence of hypercoagulability and the therapy of anti-coagulability.