Objective To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous transluminal angiography in diabetic infrapopliteal arterial disease patients and the influence of post-procedural intraluminal small dose urokinase infusion on infrapopliteal arterial blood flow.Methods From January 2011 to September 2013,37 limbs (16 left and 21 right) in 28 diabetic patients inflicted with infrapopliteal critical limb ischemia underwent endovascular recannalization at our institution and were retrospectively analyzed.Stenotic or occlusive lesions were demonstrated in 74 infrapopliteal vessels,including 30 anterior tibial arteries (ATA),22 posterior tibial arteries (PTA),and 22 peroneal arteries (PA).In 30 limbs,tandem lesions in iliac-femoral arteries were also diagnosed.Antegrade ipsilateral femoral access,retrograde contralateral femoral or brachial arterial access had all been adopted as well as both angioplasty and stenting.Case specific decisions were made based on pre-procedural computed tomographic angiogram (CTA).Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was recorded before and after each procedure.Urokinase was continuously infused through arterial sheath catheter into vessels of target limb from a microinfusion pump at 200 000 to 300 000 units per 24 hour for 48 hours after procedure.Angiogram was performed before and after thrombolysis therapy aiming to ascertain the number of frames of images obtained during the period of time it took blood flow to carry contrast medium from the level of tibial plateau to ankle,which was recorded as index frame count (IFC).Patients were followed up for at least 3 months.ABI and ultrasound or CTA were performed on each follow-up visit to validate patency.Quantitative data such as ABI value and IFC were analyzed using paired samples t-test.Results Thirty two limbs were radiographically recanalized by angioplasty or stenting.Technical success rate was 86.4％ (32/37).Average ABI of all limbs increased significantly from 0.70±0.31 to 0.90± 0.21 (t=10.734,P＜0.05).Of the 32 limbs recanalized,IFC decreased significantly from 6.3 ± 1.6 before thrombolysis to 4.7± 1.4 after thrombolysis (t=12.136,P＜0.05).Six rest pain patients reported significantly alleviated symptoms.Fourteen limbs presented with feet ulcers or gangrene.Of these patients after endovascular treatment,1 underwent ankle level amputation,3 underwent toe amputation and 3 patients who did not seek further treatment reported spontaneous autoamputation and wound healing.The remaining 9 patients reported wound healing within 1 to 3 months.Secondary angioplasty was needed for symptom recurrence in 3 limbs of 3 patients 3 to 24 months after first procedure.Conclusions Endovascular treatment of diabetic infrapopliteal arterial diseases exhibited significant short term effect and was safe to perform.Small dose urokinase infusion after recanalization procedure was safe and effective in helping to improve infragenicular blood flow.

Objective To evaluate multisliee CT in the diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation. Methods Eighty-three consecutive patients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) presented with clinical or biochemical signs of biliary complications and underwent contrast-enhancement CT examination. Three experienced radiologists, who were blinded to patient's clinical data, assessed CT images for the detection of biliary complications in consensus. Diagnostic confirmation of biliary complications was obtained with direct cholangiography in 69 patients, histologie study in 11 patients and hepatieojejunostomy in 3 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT for the detection of biliary complications were calculated. In addition, CT features of anastomotie biliary stricture (ABS) were compared with those of non-anastomotie biliary stricture (NABS) using x2 test. Results A total of 62 biliary complications (74. 7% ) was eventually confirmed in the 83 patients, including ABS in 32 patients, NABS in 21 patients, biliary duct stones in 16 patients (of which 12 patients with biliary stricture), anastomotie bile leakage in 5 patients, biloma in 4 patients with biliary stricture, and biliogenic abscess in 2 patients with biliary stricture. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT for the detection of biliary stricture were 90. 6%、86. 7%、89. 2%、92. 3% and 83.9% , respectively. Other biliary complications, including biliary duct stones ( 16 cases) , anastomotic bile leak (5 cases) , biloma (4 cases), and biliogenic abscess (2 cases), were correctly diagnosed by CT; there was no false-positive or false-negative result. The incidence of irregular dilatation of bile duct was 71.4% ( 15/21 ), which was significantly higher in NABS cases than in ABS of 25.0% (8/32,P <0. 01 ) ; whereas the incidence of extrahepatie biliary dilatation was 33.3% (7/21) and regular dilatation was 14. 3% (3/21), which was significantly lower in NABS cases than in ABS of 84. 4% ( 27/32 ) and 68. 8% ( 22/32 ), respectively ( P < 0. 01 ). Of 21 patients with NABS, 66. 7% (14/21)complicated with hepatic artery stenosis or thrombosis, which was markedly more than that of NABS cases (15. 6%, 5/32,P <0. 01 ). Conclusions Multislice CT is a useful imaging procedure in the detection of biliary complications after liver transplantation, and biliary stricture can be primitively classified into ABS and NABS by CT. Hepatic artery ischemia is an important factor that causes NABS.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous transsplenic portal vein catheterization (PTSPC). Methods Thirty patients with portal hypertension underwent gastroesophageal variceal embolization via PTSPC route, 2 of which simultaneously underwent portal vein stenting. This study included the patients with portal venous obstruction ( tumor embolus or thrombus) or the patients with serious liver atrophy caused by liver cirrhosis. The patients who had severe coagulation insufficiency (with prothrombin time ＞ 20 s) were excluded. Of the 30 patients, 17 had primary hepatocellular carcinoma with main portal venous tumor embolus, 13 had cirrhosis with severe liver atrophy and(or) slight or moderate ascite. Before this study, all of 30 patients had a history of variceal bleeding, and 16 patients had a normal coagulation level, 10 patients had a mildly prolonged prothrombin time (14-17 s), 4 patients had a moderately prolonged prothrombin time (18-20 s). All of 30 patients underwent upper abdomen CT enhanced scanning before this procedure, and the site, direction, and depth of splenic vein branch puncture were decided by CT images. The technology of PTSPC, procedure-related complications, and its clinical application were retrospectively analyzed. Results PTSPC was performed successfully in 28 of 30 patients. Two cases failed because of a small intrasplenic vein. Procedure-related complications occurred in 6 patients (20. 0% ), which had decrease of hemoglobin concentration ( 15-50 g/L). Four of them needed blood transfusion. In the six patients, one patient (3.3%) with abdominal cavity hemorrhage had a serious drop of blood pressure 2 hours after procedure, whose clinical symptoms were relieved after four units of packed RBC and a great quantity of fluid were transfused. Twenty-eight patients whose PTSPC were successfullyperformed underwent variceal embolization, 2 of them were placed with portal vein covered stents. During a median follow-up period of 6 months (range: one to forty-two months), 14 patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma 1 to 12 months after procedure, and 2 patients died of hepatic failure caused by liver cirrhosis at fourteen months and twenty-three months after procedure, respectively. Variceal rebleeding was observed in 4 patients, the cumulative rebleeding rate at 1 year was 14.3%. Conclusion PTSPC is a feasible procedure, which provides a useful route for endovascular treatment of portal vein. However, hemorrhage at the puncture site after procedure should be noticed.

Objective To compare the efficacy of percutaneous and endoscopic treatment for the biliary stricture(BS) after liver transplantation (LT).Methods The result of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and drainage ( PTC group) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP group) for the BS in 132 post-LT patients were analyzed retrospectively.Ninety-nine patients received PTC treatment,and 59 patients received ERCP treatment,26 patients converted to PTC treatment because of the poor efficacy or failure of the ERCP treatment.The operation success rate,complication rate,cure rate and remission rate of the two groups were compared with X2 test.Results The BS types of PTC and ERCP group were different significantly( P ＜ 0.01 ),with more non-anostomotic stricture in PTC group and more anostomotic stricture in ERCP group.The operation success rate of PTC group was higher than of ERCP group( 100％ vs 97％ ) (P ＜0.01 ),and the complication rate of PTC group was lower than of ERCP group.The overall cure and remission rate of PTC and ERCP group were not different significantly(32.3％ vs 45.8％,94.9％ vs 88.1％ ) (P ＞0.05).The cure and remission rate of PTC and ERCP treatment for each subtype of BS were not different significantly ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The efficacy of PTC treatment for the post-LT BS is equivalent to that of ERCP treatment.PTC can be considered the first-line option for the post-LT BS.

Objective To study the safety and effect of interventional treatment for arteriesclerotic obliterations of iliaco-fermoral artery via radial artery retrospectively.Methods Sixteen cages were treated with interventional procedare via radial artery.The duration of disease was from 3 days to 2 years.All cases presented with rest pain and intermittent claudicating(with distance less than 500 m).Unilateral lesions were found in 9 cases.and bilateral lesions in 7 cases.Iliaco-femoral arteries were obliterated completely in 6 cases.while the other ten cases had arterial stenesis more than 75%.After visualization of obliterative artery.urokinase was administrated consecutively from catheter indweUed in or above thrombus.Transcatheter thrombolysis would be cancelled if the therapeutic effect wag negligible after using umkinase for 72 hours.After thrombolysis.the balloon angioplasty and the stent implantation were performed in the cases with residual stenesis more than 50%. In all of 16 cases,5 caseg underwent continuous intraarterial thrombolysis only.11 cases received balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation additionally.The ankle/braehial index(ABI)post-treatment and pre-treatment was analyzed.Results The duration of transcatheter thrombolysis was 3.0-15.0 days,averaged(8.4±2.9)days.The obliterative arteries were recanalized in 15 cases.The symptoms of rest pain disappeared in all cases.while intermittent claudicating was still present in 4 cases,but the claudicating distance increased significantly(92.50±60.21 and 625.00±84.26 m for pre-and post-operation respectively).The ABl was 0.63-1.10(0.91±0.12)for post-treatment and 0-4).57(0.32±0.14)for pre-treatment respectively(t=21.73,P＜0.01).During 6-24 months' follow-up,restenosis occurred in 1 case,which was treated successfully once again after halloon angioplasty.There was no serious complication related to the procedure.Conclusion It is safe and effective to apply continuous thrombolysis combined with balloon angioplasty and stent implantation to treat iliacofemoral artery obliteration interventionally via radial arterv.