Objective: To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hyponea syndrome(OSAHS) and brain vascular diseases in old patients.Methods: Fifty-two old patients with OSAHS were observed by polysomography,dynamic blood pressure measurement and nuclear magnetic resonance.Results: Compared with the healthy controls,the incidence of apoplexy was obviously higher in the severe OSAHS group and the rate of hypertension is significantly higher in both the moderate and severe groups.Conclusion: There are high incidences of hypertension and apoplexy in old patients with OSAHS.

Objective To summarize the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of elastofibroma dorsi,focusing on the clinical features,the specific radiological characteristics,and the typical pathological alterations.Methods Clinical data of 10 cases of pathologically confirmed elastofibroma dorsi from January 1997 to April 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Most patients were female(8/10)in this series.All the lesions were located within the muscles in the subscapular region.There were 13 lesions in 10 cases(3 cases with bilateral involvement).Seven patients complained of pain and feeling of foreign body,and three were asymptomatic.The size of the masses was between 4 centimeters to 12 centimeters,averaging at(7.46 ±2.70)centimeters.Except for the early 3 cases,accurate diagnosis was made in all the other 7 cases before the histological exams solely based on the physical examination and imaging findings.Marginal excision was done for all the cases under general anesthesia.Fluid accumulation,as the only kind of complication was found in 3 cases which was resolved by repeated paracentesis.No recurrence was found during the follow-up period(4 months to 125 months,median 11 months).Conclusion Elastofibroma dorsi is a rare,pseudotumoral lesion usually found in elderly women.It is a very special type of soft tissue tumors that its diagnosis can usually be made solely on the basis of unique imaging characteristics and physical examination before the histological exam.Surgical marginal excision is the choice of treatment with good short-term and long-term results.

Objective To summarize the initial experience in application of mesohepatectomy for the treatment of central liver tumors while focusing on its indication, short-term and long-term prognosis and especially outlining its technical details. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients receiving mesohepatectomy from December 2007 to March 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The imaging characteristics were summarized to convey the indication details. The technique details of the operation were outlined so as to reduce blood loss or other complications during and after the operation. The post-operative course and follow-up data were also collected and analyzed. Results Two patients suffered from primary hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and the other from giant hemangioma. The tumors were located in Couinaud yegment Ⅳ and/or Ⅷ. The average blood loss and operative duration were 800 ml and 7 h, respectively. Blood liver function tests returned to normal within 7 days postoperatively and the patients were discharged after that. No complications occurred. The follow-up for 7-15 months showed that there was no recurrence. Conclusion Mesohepatectomy is the principal choice of treatment for centrally located liver tumors. For the safety and avoidance of complications, the doctor should abide by the concept of segment-oriented hepatectomy and apply the updated techniques such as CUSA (Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator). For patients with compromised liver function, mesohepatectomy might be superior to extended bepatectomy. Thus, the application of mesohepatectomy should be expanded. Meanwhile, further investigation is needed for its full evaluation.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that monocytes can transdifferentiate into vascular endothelial cells under the induction of various factors including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).It remains poorly understood whether monocytes can be induced to transdifferentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro.OBJECTIVE:To explore the possibility of the transdifferentiation of monocytes into lymphatic endothelial cells under inflammatory condition.METHODS:Fresh monocytes from peripheral blood were collected by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and cultured in an endothelial cell medium,followed by incubation in fibronectin-plated well or treated with tumor necrosis factor a for 24 hours,respectively.The expression of specific markers of lymphatic endothelial cells,such as LYVE-1,Podoplanin,Porx-1 and VEGF receptor 3(VEGFR-3),as well as the endothelial cells markers,such as vWF,endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and VEGFR-2,were detected by RT-PCR and immunochemical methods.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Prior to induction,monocytes were positive to LYVE-1,but negative for Podoplanin,Porx-1,and VEGFR-3,vWF,eNOS,as well as VEGFR-2.Following induction,the cultured mononcytes were positive for Podoplanin,Prox-1 and VEGFR-3,but remained negative for vWF,eNOS and VEGFR-2.It suggested that monocytes can be induced to express the markers of lymphatic endothelial cells stimulated by fibronectin or tumor necrosis factor a.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different selection criteria on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients undergoing liver transplantation(LT)and to evaluate a new criterion.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 81 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent LT.The survival rates of the patients who met different criteria such as Milan.UCSF(University of California San Francisco UCSF).and Pittsburgh(Pitt)modified TNM criteria were calculated by KaplanMeier method,and the value of different criteria was evaluated.The Long-Rank test and COX proportional hazards regression model were performed to analyze the prognostic factors.the model of criteria was established according the most important prognostic factors.Using the Kaplan-Meier method,the suitable cut-offs of every variable ifl the model were found by comparing the survival and the number of the patients who met the cut-off,and considering the significant difference between the patients who met and exceed the cut-off at the same time.Resuits The 1,2,3-year accumulative survival rates of the 19 patients who met Milan criteria were 87.7%,87.7%,and 52.6%respectively:the 1,2,3-year disease free survival rates of them were 88.9%,72.7%,and 72.7%respectively.The 1,2.3-year accumulative survival rates of the 26 patients who met UCSF criteria were 87.2%,80.5%,and 55.2%respectively;the 1,2,3-year disease free survival rates of them were 84.1%,68.4%,and 68.4%respectively.With our new expanded criterion as of solitary tumor≤8 cm in diameter.or no more than 3 tumors,with the largest≤6 am,and a total tumor diameter≤10 cm.there was no significant difierence in 1,2,3-year sunrival rates and disease free survival rates(89.0%,81.8%,71.8%,and 81.9%,72.4%,72.4%.)as compared with Milan or UCSF criteria.but with this new criterion more patients(a=41)would be eligible for transplantation with a comparable long term survival.and the difference of the accumulative survival rates and disease free survival rates of the patients who met and exceed the new criteria was significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The new indication is acceptable because the criteria does not adversely impact survival.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Shenting (GV24) on learning-memory function and ultrastructure in hippocampal CA1 region of rats after cerebral ischmeia-reperfusion. Methods A total of 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=6) and operation group (n=19). The operation group was occluded the left middle cerebral arter-ies with modified Longa's methods for 90 minutes and reperfused, and twelve qualified rats of them were randomly divided into model group (n=6) and electroacupuncture group (n=6), the later accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for seven days. They were as-sessed with Longa's scores, and tested with Barnes maze. Their cerebral infarct volume was tested with magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted image. The ultrastructure of synapse in hippocampal CA1 region was observed with transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with the model group, the Longa's score improved (P<0.05), the infarct volume decreased (P<0.01), the average escape latency decreased (P<0.01) and the times entering the wrong hole decreased (P<0.001) in the electroacupuncture group. Under the transmission elec-tron microscope, the number of synapse decreased in the model group, with the structure damage and vesicles sparse;compared with the model group, the number of synapse increased in the electroacupuncture group, with clear and complete structure and rich vesicles. Conclu-sion Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve the learning-memory function in rats after cerebral ischmeia-reperfusion, which may relate to improvement of synaptic plasticity and ameliorating ultrastructure in hippocampal CA1 region.

Objective:To establish the methods for the qualitative identification and content determination of aurantio-obtusin and chrysophanol in Zeju Jiangzhi tablets. Methods:A TLC method was adopted for the qualitative identification, and an HPLC method was used for the content determination. The determination was performed on a Wondasil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm ) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile -0. 1% phosphonic acid with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml?min-1 , the detection wave-length was 286 nm, the column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 10μl. Results:The TLC spots of aurantio-obtusin and chrysophanol were clear and well-separated without any negative interference. The HPLC experiment results showed the good line-arity within the range of 1. 03-25. 72μg?ml-1(r=0. 999 9) for aurantio-obtusin, and 0. 48-11. 92μg?ml-1(r=0. 999 9) for chry-sophanol. The average recovery was 99. 21% and 98. 85%, and RSD was 0. 70% and 0. 73%, respectively (n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and repeatable, which can be used for the qualitative identification and content determination of auran-tio-obtusin and chrysophanol in Zeju Jiangzhi tablets.

Objective To observe the changes in hypersplenism after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) and investigate the effect of OLT on hypersplenism. Methods Based on the clinical data of 14 eligible OLT patients operated on in our hospital during two and a half years, an analysis of the pre operative values of the thickness of the spleen, blood WBC and PLT count was made,and the postoperative pattern of changes of portal flow velocity was observed. Results Blood WBC and PLT count returned to normal 1 month after the operation, and the thickness of spleen reduced about 17.0% in the first month , but had no additional change at 1 year later. Portal flow velocity increased significantly 1 month after operation , then decreased slowly in the first year. Portal flow velocity , blood WBC and PLT count were all significantly related to the thickness of the spleen. Conclusions The high velocity of portal flow after OLT was mostly attributed to increased flow from the splenic vein; the main cause of the decrease in the level of blood WBC and PLT in hypersplenism before operation is augmentation of splenic volume; the recuperation of hypersplenism after OLT relies on the extent of reversion of splenic volume. It is not necessary to perform splenectomy in patients with hypersplenism when they receive OLT.

Objective To investigate the relationship between learning and memory deficit and demyelination of the corpus callosum in twelve-month old APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Methods Twelve twelve-month old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were as AD group, and age-matched wild type (WT) littermates were as WT group. Learning and memory ability was tested with Morris water maze, and the mor-phology of nerve fiber of corpus callosum was detected with Luxol Fast Blue staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect myelin ba-sic protein (MBP) in the corpus callosum. Thioflavine S staining was used to detect amyloid plaque in the corpus callosum. Results Com-pared with WT group, the latency increased (Z>2.873, P<0.01) and the times crossing the location of the platform decreased (t=-7.339, P<0.001) in AD group. The nerve fibers were sparse and disorganized, with a lot of vacuoles in the corpus callosum of AD group. The positive expression of MBP in the corpus callosum was significantly decreased (t=-4.481, P<0.001) in AD group compared with WT group. There were amyloid plaques in the corpus callosum of AD group. Conclusion Twelve-month old APP/PS1 transgenic mice exhibit learning and memory deficit, which may be attributed to the deposition of the amyloid plaque mediated demyelinated injury of the corpus callosum.

Anthrax is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The major virulence factor of B. anthracis consists of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). PA binds with LF to form lethal toxin (LT), and PA binds with EF to form edema toxin (ET). Antibiotics is hard to work in advanced anthrax infections, because injuries and deaths of the infected are mainly caused by lethal toxin (LT). Thus, the therapeutic neutralizing antibody is the most effective treatment of anthrax. Currently most of the anthrax toxin antibodies are monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for PA and US FDA has approved ABTHRAX humanized PA monoclonal antibody for the treatment of inhalational anthrax. Once B. anthracis was artificially reconstructed or PA had mutations within recognized neutralization epitopes, anti-PA MAbs would no longer be effective. Therefore, anti-LF MAbs is an important supplement for anthrax treatment. Most of the anti-LF antibodies are murine or chimeric antibodies. By contrast, fully human MAbs can avoid the high immunogenicity of murine antibodies. First, we used LF to immunize the transgenic mice and used fluorescent cell sorting to get antigen-specific memory B cells from transgenic mice spleen lymphocytes. By single cell PCR method, we quickly found two strains of anti-LF MAbs with binding activity, 1D7 and 2B9. Transiently transfected Expi 293F cells to obtain MAbs protein after purification. Both 1D7 and 2B9 efficiently neutralized LT in vitro, and had good synergistic effect when mixed with anti-PA MAbs. In summary, combining the advantages of transgenic mice, fluorescent cell sorting and single-cell PCR methods, this study shows new ideas and methods for the rapid screening of fully human monoclonal antibodies.