Objective To investigate the expression of Caspase-9 and heat-shock protein-90 (HSP 90) in rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods The male SD rats (200-250 g) were divided into three groups by the random number table: normal group, sham group and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) group.Each group was sorted into four subgroups including group 6 h, group 24 h, group 48 h and group 72 h according to the reperfusion time.Suture-occluded method was adopted to prepare focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIR) injury in rat model.Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the variations of Caspase-9 and HSP-90 expression in rats.Results The changes in Caspase-9 and HSP 90 expression in the brain cells were observed by ELISA method.The expression of Caspase-9 and HSP-90 was weakly expressed in sham group, and was at peak in CIR group within 24 h-48 h, then began to decline at 72 h after the reperfusion time.The differences in the expression of caspase-9 and HSP-70 between sham group and normal group were not statistically significant.Conclusions Apoptotic cells gradually increase along with reperfusion time and reach the peak at 48 h after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.In ischemia half dark stripe, the expression of Caspase-9 and HSP 90 is increased in neuronal cells after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and the positive cells number is at peak at 48 h after cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Apoptosis of neuronal cells after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion is a dynamic evolutionary process.The expression of Caspase-9 and HSP 90 in nerve cells plays an important role in regulating cell apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.