Polysaccharides are a class of natural macromolecules with biological activities which could regulate the immune system by activating immune cells and promoting the secretion of cytokines to exert the anti-tumor and anti-oxidation activities.The article reviews the mechanism of polysaccharides acting on the immune system and its anti-tumor immunotherapy applications.

[Objective] To evaluate the histocompatibility of nano hydroxyapatite-zirconia composite bioceramic.[Methods]According to the standard of ISO 10993-1,cytotoxicity experiment,acute toxicity test,hemolysis test and in vivo implantation(90 days)test were conducted to evaluate the histocompatibility of nano hydroxyapatite-zirconia composite bioceramic.[Results]The score of cytotoxicity experiment was lower than grade I,and there was no significant inhibition of cell growth,no acute toxic reaction or hemolytic reaction.And the in vivo implantation met the requirements of the biological evaluation of implant materials.[Conclusion]Nano hydroxyzpatie-zirconia composite bioceramic showed a good histocompatibility.It has a broad prospect as a biomaterial scaffold in the bone tissue engineering.

Suitable conditions for polysaccharide production in submerged culture by Coprinus comatus Ft. CC-8810 were: glucose 40g, Soybean cake powder 30g, yeast extract powder 5.0g, bran 30g, KH_2PO_4 1.0g, MgSO_4?7H_2O 0.5g, tap water 1L, pH5—6, 28℃, 160r/min. Seed culture grown in shake flask for 4 days were inoculated into 1.5L fermentor. After 5—6 days the fermentation ended up with decreases in pH to 4.9—5.0 and in reducing sugar to 1.2%. 45.1g(dry Wt.)/L hyphae and 3.6g/L polysaccharide were obtained.

Objective To study the factors affecting the activities of daily life (AOL) of patients after the first stroke of cerebral infarction in order to formulate the intervention strategy for improving the capability of ADL of patients. Method A total of 149 patients with the first stroke of cerebral infarction admitted from Oct. 2008 to Dec.2008 were enrolled in this study. The demographics of patients, cerebral infarction risk factors, apopletic score as per National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), white blood cell count (WBC) and plasma glucose (PG) were recorded on the first day of admission, and many other laboratory examinations were done on the next morning. The occurrences of infection in lung and urinary tract, and atrial fibrillation were recorded during hospi-talization. The NIHSS score and score of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were taken within 24 hours after admission, on the 14th day and at the end of the third month after cerebral infarction respectively. Barthel index (BI) was taken in the second week as well as at the end of third month by follow-up in the OPD or by telephone. The correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to find the risk factors. Results The PG level, WBC count and NIHSS score were independently associated with ADL in the second week as well as at the end of the third month after cerebral infarction. Besides, the urinary tract infection during hospital stay was also independently associated with ADL at the end of the third month after cerebral infarction. Conclusions The plasma glucose level, WBC count, NIHSS score and urinary tract infection are the risk factors. Positive measures should be taken to control these risk factors so as to improve the capability of ADL of the patients after cerebral infarction.

To determine the ATPase activity of erythrocytic membrane and intraerythrocyticionic concentrations in 20 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods: Erythrocyte membrane AT-Pase activites were determined as described by Sha1ev, and erythrocyte Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations weredetected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2 t -ATPase, Mg2+ATPase activities were significantly lower in CRF patients than in normal individuals (P

Red-based recombineering has been widely used in Escherichia coli genome modification through electroporating PCR fragments into electrocompetent cells to replace target sequences. Some mutations in the PCR fragments may be brought into the homologous regions near the target. To solve this problem in markeless gene deletion we developed a novel method characterized with two-step recombination and a donor plasmid. First, generated by PCR a linear DNA cassette which comprises a I-Sec I site-containing marker gene and homologous arms was electroporated into cells for marker-substitution deletion of the target sequence. Second, after a donor plasmid carrying the I-Sec I site-containing fusion homologous arm was chemically transformed into the marker-containing cells, the fusion arms and the marker was simultaneously cleaved by I-Sec I endonuclease and the marker-free deletion was stimulated by double-strand break-mediated intermolecular recombination. Eleven nonessential regions in E. coli DH1 genome were sequentially deleted by our method, resulting in a 10.59% reduced genome size. These precise deletions were also verified by PCR sequencing and genome resequencing. Though no change in the growth rate on the minimal medium, we found the genome-reduced strains have some alteration in the acid resistance and for the synthesis of lycopene.
Chromosomes, Bacterial ; genetics ; DNA ; Endonucleases ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion

Objective To examine the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), inflammatory cytokine, in cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) in order to find out the cause of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Method The hPASMCs were cultured and stimulated by different concerntrations of CRP (5 - 200 μg/ml) for different lengths of time. The activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA). The expression of IL-6 mRNA and the level of IL-6 protein were measured by using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results CRP increased IL-6 production in hPASMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in IL-6 at concerntration of 200 μg/mL in the CRP group was as high as 2.8times that in the control group. CRP also significantly induced the activation of NF-κB in hPASMCs. The effect of CRP on the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, was inhibited by the specific FcγⅡa receptor antibody.Conclusions In vitro, CRP increases the production of IL-6 in hPASMCs mediated by FcγⅡa receptor and NF-κB translocation. These data offer important insights into the role of CRP in the pathogenesis of PAH.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of strain rate imaging in quantitatively evaluating segmental myocardial function of left ventricle in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult(LADA).Methods Thirty LADA without complication(LADA group),30 LADA patients with hypertension and normal geometric left ventricle(LADA+NLVH group)and 30 healthy people(control group)were enrolled.All patients had normal ejection fraction,normal fractional shortening and no cardiac symptoms.The strain rate in systolic,early and later diastolic periods were obtained from 3 consecutive heartbeats in 16 segments respectively.The parameters were quantitatively analyzed between the three groups.Results Compared with the control group,all of the measured parameter of LADA and LADA+NLVH were significantly lower(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Although the mean strain rate in early and later diastolic periods decreased significantly in LADA+NLVH group than in LADA group(P＜0.05),there was no significant difference in the mean systolic strain rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Strain rate imaging provides a sensitive and accurate tool to assess the left ventricular myocardial performance in patients with LADA.

Objective To comparative analyze the anorectal function before and after anus-preserving laparoscopic rectal resection in ultra low rectal cancer.Methods Radical excision of ultra low rectal cancer was performed with ultrasonic scalpel on 43 patients based on the concept of TME and ultra low colorectal/ anal anastomosis was perfomed by applying the manual anastomosis with two operations out of anus.The time of guid being controlled in the rectus,rectual rest pressure (RRP),anal rest pressure (ARP) and anal maximal contraction pressure (AMCP) were tested before operation.The function of their rectus and anus was tested,including the number of bowel movement in one day of 1,3,6 months after operation,the time of guid being controlled in the rectus,RRP,ARP and AMCP after 3,6 months of operation et al.Results All the operations were finished successfully,four cases were converted to open surgery,but there was no serious damage.All cases were followed up for 6 to 36 months with average of 20 months.After 3 months of operation,the retention time of liquid in rectus,the defecate feel function,the anus control function,RRP and ARP was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) compared to them before operation,there was no statistical significance (including AMCP) (P ＞ 0.05) after 6 months of operation.The results of tests in annus and rectus were near normal level after 6 month of operation.Conclusion The manual anastomosis with two operations out of anus in the laparoscopic anal sphincter preserving resection of ultra low rectal cancer is safe,economical,effective,minimally invasive and shorter hospital stay,it is worth to be widely used.

BACKGROUND:During spinal degeneration process, the intervertebral disc and facet joints are interrelated and interacted to impact the normal function and stability of the spine, thereby resulting in low back pain. Moreover, there is always a controversy on the degeneration order of the intervertebral disc and facet joint. OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between lumbar facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with low back pain. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 186 patients with low back pain. The facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration at L2-S1 motion segments of each patient were evaluated. Enroled patients were divided into three age groups: < 40 years old, 40-60 years old and≥ 60 years old. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incidence of lumbar facet joint and intervertebral disc degeneration was increased with age, and degeneration of the lumbar facet joint and intervertebral disc were the most obvious at L4-5 and L5-S1 segments. The incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration was more than that of facet joint degeneration at each segment in al age groups, except groups of < 40 years old and 40-60 years old at L2-3 segments, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was a weak correlation between facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration (χ2=100.9,P < 0.001, gamma=0.22). These findings show that the incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration and facet joint degeneration is increased with age, and there is a weak correlation between them. However, the lumbar degenerative order is stil unclear and further research is needed.