Diabetic neuropathy is the most common peripheral neuropathy,and it is important to enhance both nerve regeneration and prevent nerve degeneration in its treatment. Disturbed nerve regeneration in diabetes has been ascribed,at least in part,to decreases of some neurotrophic factors or the decreases of their receptor expressions.This paper reviewed the effect of some major neurotrophic factors on diabetic neuropathy and their application in clinical treatment.

Objective　To observe about curative effect of MMF on type Ⅳ lupus nephritis and to review the literature about MMF used to treat LN.Method　Ten patients with type Ⅳ LN were treated with MMF 1～2 g/d plus prednisone at middle or little dose.Curative duration of these patients was between 6 and 12 months.After 3,6 and 12 months curative effect was observed.Results　After treatment proteinurie and systemic lupus activity measurement were decreased gradually.Before and after treatment ANA positive rates were 80% and 30%,anti dsDNA antibody positive rates were 50% and 10%,respectively,and low C3 and C4 was rectified.After treatment renal failure in 3 patients was recovered.During treatment major adverse reactions included gastrointestinal symptoms and herpes zoster.Conclusion　MMF has exacttly effect on type Ⅳ LN and low side effect.

Objective To investigate the psychology and personality factors which affect soldiers' psychological health, in order to provide theoretical evidences for the changes in psychology among recruits engaged in tunnelling operation. Methods Using psychological health questionnaire (SCL-90) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), 1191 recruits of missile army recruits were tested before and after the mission of tunnelling in 2004~2005 (with the exclusion the dropped outs, those who were transferred or did not complete the whole test period). Results After entering the tunnel, scores of human relationship sensitivity, anxiety, fright and positive items of the recruits were all higher than before the mission or that of servicemen′s norms. In a group of 931 healthy recruits, 157 turned sub-healthy, while 35 of a group of 260 sub-healthy turned healthy. Using EPQ to investigate the personality of these 2 groups, the C value of the former group was found to be on the high side, and this result showed that there had a tendency of concealment and pretension before entering the tunnel. The turnover observed in the latter group maybe due to their extroversion personality. The SCL-90 test of the latter group showed that it was also related to a lowering of score of human relationship sensitivity. Conclusion It shounld be emphasized that it is important to conduct self-education and psychological mediation for the recruits to improve relationship sensitivity and to allay anxiety and fear for the reeruits before and after the tunnelling operation, in order to improve their psychological health status.

Objective To observe the effects of exercises on early stage of steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods 24 adult rabbits were divided randomly into three groups, i.e. control group (group A), routine model group (group B) and experimental group (group C) with 8 animals for each group. Dexamethasone (DXM) was administrated in a dosage of 2.5mg/kg via intramuscular route to reproduce the aseptic necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) model in groups B and C, while only isotonic physiological saline was given to the animals in group A. MRI examinations were done at 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week after administration of DXM for bilateral femoral heads, and also on a medial coronary area of the hip joints with a fixed area of circumambient soft tissure of 3 mm in diameter. Results At 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week after the reproduction of the model, the t2-de3d-sag spot-signals given by MRI in the circumambient soft tissue of hip joints were 56.26?0.45, 58.05?0.27, 59.04?0.29 and 59.23?0.25 in group A, 61.40?0.41, 63.71?0.34, 69.65?0.28 and 71.84?0.3 in group B, and 59.54?0.39, 60.06?0.32, 62.71?0.19 and 63.18?0.40 in group C, respectively. Significant differences existed between each of two groups (F=84.93, P

To study the effect of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) aggregation, the morphology, size and cell toxicity of Abeta40 aggregates formed with the metal ions have been observed by the methods including ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that Cu2+ and Zn2+ can accelerate Abeta40 aggregation, and both changed the morphology and size of Abeta40 aggregates. Zn2+ induced Abeta40 to form fibrous Abeta40 aggregates, while the amorphous and fibrous aggregates were produced by the interaction between Cu2+ and Abeta40. In addition, H2O2 was produced when Abeta40 reduced Cu2+. The relationship between metal ions and Abeta40 aggregates was analyzed, and the function of metal ions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was illustrated in the research.

Colorectal cancer is the third high incidence of tumor in the world,and liver is one of the most common sites of distant metastasis.Liver metastasis accounts for 50％-75％ in distant metastasis.Only about 10％ -15％ of patients are candidates for resection,and the recurrence is easy.Selective internal radiation therapy is a new type of radiotherapy.It is partial and liver-targeted.For unresectable colorectal liver metastasis,selective internal radiation therapy alone or in combination with other therapies can reduce cancer focus,prolong the survival,and maybe improve overall survival.

Neoadjuvant therapy has been gradually applied to the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis in recent years. Many clinic researches indicate neoadjuvent chemotherapy, neoadjuvent radiotherapy and neoadjuvent chemoradiotherapy can improve surgical reaction rate and radical rate of colorectal liver metastasis,and can shrink the primary tumor and metastasis, improve the resection rate and sphincter preservation rate, and reduce the recurrence rate of locally advanced lower rectal cancer. Neoadjuvent therapy has great clinical practical value in the multi-modality treatment for colorectal metastasis.

Objective To investigate the clinical application and diagnostic value of three.dimensional and muhiplanar reconstruction of spiral CT in fracture of shoulder blade.Methods The image of three-dimensional and muhiplanar reconstruction of spiral CT in fracture of shoulder blade cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results The 54 bone fractures were found in 31 fracture of shoulder blade cases;the multiplanar reconstruction discovered 54 bone fractures,and could show the fracture line and small bone chips clearly,especially for the bone chips in articular cavity,but it could not display the three-dimension of bone fracture;three-dimensional reconstruction discovered 51 bone fractures,and could display the change about three-dimension of bone fracture,but it could not show the fracture line of the bone fracture with small and non-dislocated clearly.Conclusion Three-dimensional and multiplanar reconstruction of spiral CT were applied conjunctively can increase the accurate rate,and strengthen the sense of three-dimensional in fracture of shoulder blade;in addition,it also could show the articular corresponding relationship and surrounding soft tissue injury,and offer the considerable value for the establishment of therapeutic regimen.

Objective: To study the anatomy of parathyroid gland for high-resolution ultrasonography and interventional ultrasound. Methods: Dissection of parathyroid gland was done on 20 adult cadavers with careful determination of the locations, numbers and size of identified glands. Results: There were 65 parathyroid glands identified in total, with an average of 3.25 glands per cadaver. In 8 cadavers(40%), both the superior and inferior parathyroid were single. In another 7 cadavers (35%), either the superior or the inferior parathyroid were found in pair. Four among 20 cadavers (20%) showed paired superior glands with a single inferior one, while in only one cadaver(5%) the inferior glands were in pair and the superior gland in single. Conclusion: Acquaintance of detailed parathyroid anatomy may help to conduct parathyroid ultrasonography and establish a safe and effective puncture route.

Objective: To better understand the high-resolution ultrasound features of normal parathyroid glands for making correct diagnosis of parathyroid abnormalities and performing interventional therapy. Methods: Fifty normal adult volunteers were enrolled in this investigation on out-patient base. A high-resolution transducer (10 MHz) was used to scan their necks bilaterally from the upper pole of thyroid downwards closely to the clavicle. The shape, size, location, number and internal echoes of parathyroid gland were carefully documented. Results: One hundred and forty parathyroid glands were detected. Eight people had 4 glands detected(16%), 33 people 3 glands (66%), 7 people 2 glands(14%) and 2 had only 1 gland(4%) found. Among the 140 glands, 78(55.7%) were superior parathyroid glands(right 42 and left 36) and the rest 62(44.3%)were inferior parathyroid glands(right 33 and left 29). Conclusion: (1) 10 MHz high-resolution ultrasound can be used for detection of normal parathyroid glands. (2) In most cases the ultrasound findings are 3 parathyroid glands. The superior glands are more easily found than the inferior glands, and those inferior glands deep in the mediastinum can not be detected by ultrasound. (3) The knowledge of small size, oval or round shape, internal hypoechoes and the anatomic site of parathyroid gland helps the ultrasonographer to determine appropriately.