BACKGROUND: Caspase-3 exists in normal cell in form of zymogen and is capable of stimulating cell apoptosis after activated by apoptosis inducing factors.OBJECTIVE: To observe the activity of caspase-3 in hippocampal cytosolic S-100 and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal regions, so as to discuss the relationship between hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and caspase3 activity during the whole brain ishcemic-reperfuasional injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Emergency Department of Southwest Hospital Affiliated to the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at Southwest Hospital Affiliated to the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January to April 1999. Totally 182 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: namely sham operation group of 14 rats, cerebral IR group of 84, rats acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-aldehyde (AC-DEVD-CHO) treatment group of 84 rats, rats in the latter two groups were then subdivided into IR 8, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hours time points subgroups with 14 rats in each.METHODS: The whole brain ischemia 20 minutes and reperfusional model was established on rats in brain IR group and Ac-DEVD-CHO treatment group, and rats were executed separately at post-reperfusional 8, 24,48, 72, 120 and 168 hours for obtaining hippocampal specimen; rats in sham operation group were only underwent anesthesia and operation without common carotid arterial occlusion and burns of vertebral artery, they were executed at 72 hours after operation and hippocampal specimen was obtained. The quantity of amino-methylcoumarin that was produced from the same mass of specimen within same decomposition time was used to reflect the activity of caspase-3. Brain slices that were obtained from different time points were stained and embedded for observing the hippocampal cell apoptosis under fluorescence microscope at 330-350 nm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURS: ① The caspase-3 activity in hippocampal S-100 in different post-IR time point groups. ② The hippocampal cell apoptosis in different post-IR time point groups. ③ relationship between caspase-3 activity and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal regions.RESULTS: Totally 182 rats were enrolled in this experiment, 14 rats got lost, thereby date of 168 rats was entered the result analysis. ① The changes of caspase-3 activity in hippocampal S-100 in different post-IR time point groups: There was no change in sham operation group at postoperative 72 hours. In contrast with cerebral IR group, there were obvious reduction in Ac-DEVD-CHO treatment group at post-reperfusional 24, 48,72, 120 and 168 hours [(1.71±0.03, 1.22±0.03; 2.77±0.09, 1.59±0.7;5.54±0.51, 2.3±0.19, 6.28±1.71, 3.43±0.46; 3.11±1.21, 1.73±0.14) nkat/kg;P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01]. ② The hippocampal cell apoptosis in different post-IR time point groups: Under 400× field of vision, the number of apoptotic cells in sham operation group was 1.2±0.4 cells at postoperative 72 hours.It was lower in Ac-DEVD-CHO treatment group at post-reperfusional 24,48, 72, 120 and 168 hours than cerebral IR group [(6.4±1.7, 2.8±0.8;11.8±1.3, 5.8±1.9; 19.8±3.1, 10.0±1.9; 31.2±5.9, 16.4±2.4; 19.8±2.3, 9.0±2.3)cells/400× field of vision; P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Relationship between caspase-3activity and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal regions: It was proved of linear correlation in cerebral IR group and Ac-DEVD-CHO treatment group,displaying significantly positive correlation r= 0.935 6 or 0.980 0, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Caspase-3 activation is one of the major inducer for hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, playing important role in hippocampus neuronal apoptosis in rats during IR injury.

Objective To investigate the possible role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the lung injury induced by mechanical ventilationMethods Twenty-four normal healthy small pigs, ventilated with continuous different tidal volume, were randomly divided into control group, low tidal volume group (group A), middle tidal volume group (group B) and high tidal volume group (group C)The expression of ICAM-1 protein on pulmonary vascular endothelium cells, tumor necrosis factror-? (TNF-?) levels and myloperoxidase (MPO) activities in serum and lung were observed with immunohistochemisty, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and MPO measurement 1d,3d and 7d following ventilation respectivelyResults The levels of TNF-? and MPO in serum and lung and the number of ICAM-1 protein expression were higher in group A, B and C than those in control group (P

Objective To investigate the time, location and relationship to clinical manifestation of abnormal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the cerebellum of Niemann\|Pick type C disease (NPC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining was applied, by using antibodies to TH, to brain sections from NPC and normal mice of various ages. Some adjacent sections were stained for calbindin D28k. Results There was no marked decrease in number of cerebellar Purkinje cells(PC), which were negatively stained for TH, in the NPC mice aged 1\|3 weeks. The PC were decreased in number starting from week 5. During postnatal weeks 8\|11, PC were significantly lost, but considerable number of PC in the nodulus and uvula vermis survived. Some survived PC and their dendritic trees were TH immunoreactive after week 8. These PC showed axonal spheroids and irregular dendrites that were bent, broken, locally enlarged or atrophied. Conclusion Mutation of NPC1 gene induces severe loss of cerebellar PC and survived PC have been damaged morphologically and show abnormal gene activity. These may be the pathogenic basis of movement disorders of NPC.

Objective:To explore the influence of liquid for post-operative irrigation on the effect of ESS.Method:192 cases with chronic sinusitis and/or nasal polyps of groupIIstageII who had undergone the ESS from September,1998 to June,1999 and completed a3-month follow-up were divided randomly into 3 groups to accept 3 different kinds of irrigation liquid.The evaluation of curative effect was according to the index of HaiKou ESS-97.Result:The curative effect of Herba Houttuyniae group was better than the other two.Conclusion:The post-operative care is important and the irrigation liquid can affect the effect of ESS.

Objective To investigate the roles of Caspase 3 in neuron apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in the rat hippocampus. Methods A model of rats with global ischemia induced by occlusion of the four vessels according to the method by Pulsinelli et al was used in this study. A total of 182 Wistar rats [(220?20) g] were divided randomly into three groups: control group ( n =14), cerebral ischemia group ( n =84), and cerebral ischemia group treated with acetyl asp glu val asp aldehyde (Ac DEVD CHO, n =84). Time points for observation included 8, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h in the latter two groups. Caspase 3 activity in cytosolic extracts (S 100) of hippocampus and apoptotic neurons in hippocampus following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were observed at the above mentioned time points, respectively. Results (1) No caspase 3 activity was detected in S 100 from the control group. In S 100 from the ischemia group, weak caspase 3 activity was detected at 8 h, but it increased gradually and peaked at 120 h, and then decreased apparently at 168 h after reperfusion. After treatment with Ac DEVD CHO following cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion, caspase 3 activity was inhibited to some extent at each time point. (2) Apoptotic cells were occasionally observed in hippocampus in the control group, but the apoptotic cells increased apparently at 24 h, peaked at 120 h, and decreased a few at 168 h after reperfusion in ischemia group. After treatment with Ac DEVD CHO following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, apoptosis decreased to some extent at each time point (except 8 h following cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion). (3) Caspase 3 activity in S 100 from hippocampus was positively correlated with apoptotic neurons in hippocampus following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion at each time point ( r =0.9356 in ischemia group, r =0.980 0 in treatment group). Conclusion Caspase 3 may be one of the key causes resulting in neuron apoptosis in rat hippocampus after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. It may play an important role in ischemia reperfusion brain injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the event-based prospective memory (EBPM) and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD). MethodsTwenty patients with AD, 20 adults with amnesia mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 30 healthy adults with matched age and education level were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests including EBPM and TBPM tasks.ResultsCompared with healthy elders and patients with aMCI on performance of PM (2. 23 + 0. 77,4.83 ±1.09;1.00±1.03,3. 10 ± 1.52) and episodic memory(0. 70 ±0. 12,0.66 +0. 16;0.45 ±0.07,0.54±0. 10), AD patients were all impaired in PM and episodic memory(0.20 +0.41,2.05 ± 1.43;0.33±0. 12,0.32±0. 10), and were impaired in EBPM more significantly (t=-2.792, P＜0.01;t =-10. 761 ,P ＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsThese results suggest that AD patients show deficits of PM, but their EBPM is impaired more significantly. EBPM impairment may be an early diagnostic of AD.

The education goal of 8-year medical students is to develop both clinical competence and to meet the needs of research and development. After the research ability questionnaires, we consider that these students have requirements the cultivation of research ability. We should formalize, organize the designed research training for them as soon as possible to make them become medical personnel with the ability to adapt to international competition as.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of memory impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods Thirty-five patients with aMCI and 35 healthy adults matched with age and education level were administered with a neuropsychological battery of tests including conception and perception implicit priming tasks (category exemplar, picture identification), as well as explicit memory tasks (immediate recall, delay recall, delay recognition ). Results Compared with healthy elders, patients with aMCI were impaired in the conception implicit priming task(t=-4.33, P<0.01), as well as in explicit memory (immediate recall, t=6.40, P<0.01;delay recall, t=9.29,P<0.01; delay recognition, t=7.65,P<0.01),but not in perception implicit priming task (t=-0.78, P＞0.05).The conception implicit priming is positively correlated with verbal fluency (r=0.74,P<0.01). Conclusions The present results indicate that patients with aMCI are impaired in both explicit memory and conception implicit priming. The conception implicit priming impairment in aMCI may be related to their frontal lobe dysfunction.

Objective To determine the effect of COMMD7 inhibition on invasion and migration in liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs),and investigate the possible mechanism.Methods After LCSCs were infected by shRNA lentiviral vectors of COMMD7,adhesion assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the invasion and migration,and phalloidin staining was employed to observe the morphological changes.Western blotting was adopted to measure the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin and Vimentin.Results COMMD7 knockdown significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of LCSCs.The relative cell quantity of adhesion was 1.00 ± 0.12 and 2.35 ± 0.20 respectively in control cells and infected cells,suggesting there were significantly more adhesive cells in the infected group (P ＜ 0.05).The relative cell quantity per visual field of migration was 1.00 ±0.04 and 0.24±0.03,and that of invasion was 1.00 ±0.05 and 0.24 ±0.04 respectively in the control cells and infected cells,and there were significantly less invasive and migrated cells in the infected group (P ＜0.05).What's more,COMMD7 knockdown also induced some morphological changes of cells corresponding to the weakened abilities of migration and invasion.All the changes above were associated with up-regulation of E-cadherin (P ＜ 0.05) and down-regulation of N-cadherin and Vimentin (P ＜0.05),the molecules related to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET).Conclusion COMMD7 knockdown inhibits the invasion and migration in LCSCs,which may be through its regulation on the MET course.

Objective There are a few reports on rats with spontaneous congenital cataract in China .The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of lens in rats with spontaneous congenital cataract . Methods 24 d, 1-year rats with cataract and microphthalmos cataract and normal rats (n=5) were selected as research objects .Their lens were observed by a slit lamp microscope and taken photos in front of them , followed by examination through light micrograph and transmission electron micros-copy. Results Rats with microphthalmos cataract showed narrowed palpebral fissure and broaden nucleus while rats with cataract showed normal palpebral fissure and narrowed nucleus .As for 24 d,1-year rats with microphthalmos cataract , the fibers of their lens showed derangement and vacuole-like degeneration by light microscope , in addition, the abnormal connection between fiber cells were observed by electron microscopy .As for 1-year normal rats , the fibers were in consistent structure and regular arrangement without cell ingredient . Conclusion The appearance and morphological changes of the lens in rats with spontaneous congenital cataracts are in consistence with the pathological changes of cataracts , which is appli-cable in further research on the pathogenesis of cataract .