Objective To study seasonal variation of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and its association with meteorological elements. Methods In total, 1800 patients with essential hypertension were recruited by cluster sampling from three townships and towns in Qingzhou,Shandong province, 1155 men and 645 women, with an average age of 61.3 years (ranging from 29 to 85years). BP was measured for all of them in sitting position at 8:00 in the morning every seven to 14 days during July 2008 to June 2009. Local meteorological data were collected accordingly such as temperature,humidity and atmospheric pressure, and multivariate regression analysis was performed to show their association. Results In general, BP in patients with EH presented a decreasing trend during the first half year of observation, with the lowest in the summer ( May to August). From September to October, their BP began to increase gradually, and reached the peak in the winter ( November to February nest year). There was significant difference in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) between various seasons (Pspring-summer = 0.002 and 0.000, Pwinter-spring = 0.001 and 0.000, Psummer-autumn = 0.045 and 0.000,Psummer-winter =0. 000 and 0. 000, Pautumn-winter =0. 000 and 0. 000, respectively), except for those between the spring and autumn. Both SBP and DBP reversely associated with outdoor air temperature and room temperature(beta= -0.08, t = -2.39, P ＜0.05 and beta = -0.24, t = -6.21, P ＜0.01,respectively), (beta = -0.08, t = -2.39, P ＜0.05 and beta = -0.24, t = -6.21, P ＜0.01,respectively). Conclusions BP in patients with EH reveals seasonal variation, with the lowest in the summer and the highest in the winter and evident fluctuation in the spring and autumn, especially in SBP,which associates with room temperature and their blood vessel elasticity.

OBJECTIVE To observe the regulation effect of chidamide on energy metabolism in HCT-8 and HT-29 cells. METHODS HCT-8 and HT-29 cells were treated with chidamide 5,10 and 20 μmol · L-1. Morphological changes of these cells were observed under an ordinary optical microscope. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT. ATP production was determined by CellTiter-Glo? assay kit. Metabolic changes were tested by glycolytic stress kit. The mRNA level of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A)was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR,whereas the protein level of LDH-A was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with control group,cell morphology of HCT-8 and HT-29 cells in chidamide treated group was irregular,accompanied by deformation,shrinkage and cell debris, and the inhibitory rate of proliferation increased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ATP total content between chidamide 5 and 10 μmol · L-1 16 h treatment groups,but in chidamide 20 μmol · L-1 treatment group it was decreased(P<0.05). Chidamide 20μmol · L-1 had no effect on oxygen consumption rate, but glycolysis ATP generation rate was reduced by 30.7% and 37.9%(P<0.05),respectively. Chidamide 20μmol · L-1 had no effect on LDH-A mRNA level,but it decreased the protein level of LDH-A(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Chidamide can abate the respiratory metabolic ability of HCT-8 and HT-29 cells. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of LDH-A.

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics and pituitary function of patients with primary empty sella (PES).Methods The clinical data from 123 hospitalized adult patients with PES from January 2010 to May 2016 were retrospectively studied.Results (1) The average age of the 123 (male 43,female 80) PES patients was (59.2 ± 13.6) years (ranging 24-92 years),among whom 61％ patients were in the age group between 50-69 years.(2) The symptoms of the patients included fatigue (56.1％),headache (34.1％),nausea and vomiting (17.9％),gonadal dysfunction (17.1％),visual disturbance (5.7％) and hypopituitarism crisis (3.3％).(3) Hypopituitarism was found in 66 of the 123 patients.Among them,36.6％,31.7％ and 17.1％ were central hypoadrenalism,hypogonadism,and hypothyroidism,respectively.The percentage of hypopituitarism in complete PES was significantly higher than that in partial PES (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Sixteen patients were concomitant with other autoimmune diseases including 11 patients with Graves' disease and 2 with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma.Conclusions The incidence of hypopituitarism in PES was 53.7％,in which the pituitary-adrenal axis hypofunction was more common.An overall evaluation of the pituitary function was essential for the patients who had headache and fatigue,or with suspected PES.The patients with hypopituitarism should be given hormone replacement therapy in time and followed up afterword.