Aim To investigate the effect of MAPK signal transduction pathway on the expression of TNF-? in AM(alveolar macrophage) of CB(chronic bronchitis) rats,meanwhile,to initially discuss the possible regulated target of TAL(triterpene acids of loquat.leaf),to explain the mechanism about anti-inflammatory action of TAL on CB rats.Methods The depurated AM was incubated with the special inhibitors of MAPK signal transduction pathway respectively(ERK,p38 or JNK) and the expression of TNF-? was observed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Using factorial design,TNF-? level in AM culture supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The special inhibitors of ERK(PD98059) and p38(SB203580) could change the expression of TNF-? in AM of CB rats apparently.Factorial analysis shows there is statistical significance between TAL,PD98059/SB203580 and mixture of them.Conclusions TAL reducing the expression of TNF-? may be related with the inhibition of ERK and p38 signal transduction pathway.It may be one of the mechanisms by which TAL has the preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic bronchitis.

To explore the dual regulatory effects of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on cell cycle in Lewis-bearing mice with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

Objective The purpose of this study was to acquire a deeper understanding for the short-term psychological experience after discharge for male patients after laryngectomy. Methods Phenomenological method and in-depth interviews were used. Eleven patients were recruited. The data were analyzed by Giorgi′s phenomenological procedures. Results After analyzing the data, five main themes were extracted: rejecting tracheal tube, desiring to speak early, sense of uncertainty about the future, emerging various negative emotions, heavy pressure caused by disease treatment, facing reality and living in the moment. Conclusions Patients with laryngectomy discharged in short term faced major problems, so clinical staff should give timely support and care to help them return to society in a better condition.