Objective To investigate the effects of taurine on rats with CCl4-induced portal hypertension; To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods CCl4 compound method was used to prepare portal hypertension rat models. Experimental rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive medicine group and low-, medium- and high-dose taurine groups. Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage. After four-week treatment, biochemical analyzer was used to detect the contents of ALT, AST and TBIL;ELISA was used to detect the contents of CⅣ, PCⅢ, LN, HA and the level of HYP in serum;hemodynamic method was used to detect PVP, PVF, MAP and HR;nitrate reduction method was used to detect the contents of NO, chemical colorimetry was used to detect the activity of eNOS, hepatic tissue;the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and the content of MDA in hepatic tissue;HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the hepatic tissue. Results Compared with the model group, the contents of ALT, AST and TBIL in serum in medium-and high-dose taurine groups decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01);the contents of CⅣ, PCⅢ, HA and HYP in serum in medium-and high-dose taurine groups decreased significantly, and LN in high-dose taurine group decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01);the PVP, PVF in medium- and high-dose taurine groups and the HR in high-dose taurine group decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the MAP in high-dose taurine group inecreased significantly (P<0.05); the content of NO in hepatic tissue of medium-and high-dose taurine groups increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01);the activity of eNOS and the content of cGMP in high-dose taurine group increased significantly (P<0.05); the activity of SOD, GSH-Px in hepatic tissue of medium- and high-dose taurine groups increased significantly and the content of MDA decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01);the hepatic tissue histopath-ological changes of low-, medium-and high-dose taurine groups were significantly improved, especially the high-dose taurine group. Conclusion Taurine has inhibitory effects on rats with portal hypertension, which perhaps are related to its effects on enzyme activity inhibition and hepatic tissue protection, inhibiting the damage of oxidative stress, upregulating eNOS expression, enhancing the content of NO and improving liver function.

Objective To investigate the association between leukoaraiosis (LA) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods Clinical data of 328 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted in the hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.According to the changes of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores within 72 h after admission,88 patients (26.8%) were identified as END.Clinical manifestations,laboratory tests and radiographic findings were compared between END group and non-END group.ResultsUnivariate analysis indicated that age [(74.6±11.0) vs.(70.7±11.8) years,t=2.67,P=0.01],female sex [51.1% (45/ 88) vs.38.8%(93/240),χ2=4.05,P=0.04],initial NIHSS [M(Q1,Q3) 6(3,9) vs.3 (2,6),χ2=-4.38,P=0.00],systolic blood pressure [(155±28) vs.(149±20) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=2.04,P=0.04],responsible artery occlusion [18.2% (16/88) vs.8.3%(20/240),χ2=6.39,P=0.01],white cell count [(7.8±2.7) 109 vs.(7.1±2.2) 109,t=2.32,P=0.02],fasting blood glucose [(7.2±2.6) vs.(6.6±2.4) mmol/L,t=2.00,P<0.05] and C-reactive protein level [(24.5±27.1) vs.(14.6±23.2) g/L,t=3.25,P=0.00] were significantly different between END group and non-END group.After adjustment of confounding factors,LA in periventricular with Fazekas grade 2 (OR=2.309,95%CI: 1.070-4.984,P=0.03) and Fazekas grade 3 (OR=2.861,95%CI: 1.214-6.742,P=0.02) and LA in centrum semiovale with Fazekas grade 3 (OR=3.047,95%CI: 1.244-7.461,P=0.02) were independently associated with END.Conclusion Leukoaraiosis in periventricular group and centrum semiovale are associated with early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

The standardized training for pediatric residents is a necessary route to promote their clinical ability and make them grow up.With the aim to improve the residents' basic theory,clinical skills and medical quality,we set up training plans according to the requirement of standardized training in shanghai,earnestly implement the related training in the process of training content,method,time node and stage appraisal system,formulating personalized training plan and implementing one to one teaching.Besides,we attach importance to the cultivation of scientific research and teaching ability of residents and set up a perfect evaluation system.Residents are required to obtain a certificate of training through the unified comprehensive examination before graduation.Here,the problems existing in the process of pediatric resident standardization training and preliminary countermeasures are also discussed.

Aim To investigate the effect of MAPK signal transduction pathway on the expression of TNF-? in AM(alveolar macrophage) of CB(chronic bronchitis) rats,meanwhile,to initially discuss the possible regulated target of TAL(triterpene acids of loquat.leaf),to explain the mechanism about anti-inflammatory action of TAL on CB rats.Methods The depurated AM was incubated with the special inhibitors of MAPK signal transduction pathway respectively(ERK,p38 or JNK) and the expression of TNF-? was observed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Using factorial design,TNF-? level in AM culture supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The special inhibitors of ERK(PD98059) and p38(SB203580) could change the expression of TNF-? in AM of CB rats apparently.Factorial analysis shows there is statistical significance between TAL,PD98059/SB203580 and mixture of them.Conclusions TAL reducing the expression of TNF-? may be related with the inhibition of ERK and p38 signal transduction pathway.It may be one of the mechanisms by which TAL has the preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic bronchitis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical value of serum 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the diagnosis of COVID-19.Methods:A total of 116 patients diagnosed with NCP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled from January to February 2020 as the disease group. A total of 134 cases, including 84 non-NCP inpatients and 50 healthy individuals served as the control group. Serum samples from all subjects were collected. A fully-automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer was used to detect the concentration of 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum. The sensitivity and specificity of the 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibody single test and combined detection were compared using the χ 2 test. χ 2 test and Wilcoxon′s rank sum test were used to compare the positive rates and concentrations of IgM and IgG antibodies in NCP patients before and after their 2019-nCoV nucleic acid tests turning negative, respectively. The change trend of 2019-nCoV antibody concentration in the process of NCP patients was analyzed by Wilcoxon′s rank sum test. Results:The sensitivity of 2019-nCoV IgG (90.5%, 105/116) was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM (75.9%, 88/116), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=8.91, P<0.05); The specificity of 2019-nCoV IgG (99.3%,133/134) was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM (94.0%, 126/134), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.63, P<0.05). The sensitivity (89.7%,87/97) of 2019-nCoV IgM combined with IgG was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=6.89, P<0.05). The specificity (100%, 125/125) of 2019-nCoV IgM combined with IgG was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.70, P<0.05). After 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test converted to negative, the positive rate (9/17) and concentration [13.0 (4.9, 24.7) AU/ml] of serum 2019-nCoV IgM antibody were significantly lower than those when the nucleic acid test was positive, positive rate (15/17) and concentration [29.5 (14.0, 61.3) AU/ml], respectively (χ 2=5.10, Z=-3.195, both P<0.05). In the course of NCP, patients′ serum samples were collected from the first day of diagnosis to every three days, three times in total. The first 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibody concentrations [19.4 (12.4, 63.7) AU/ml, 105.8 (74.8, 126.1) AU/ml, respectively] were significantly higher than the second concentrations [15.8 (7.1, 40.3)AU/ml, 80.5 (66.7, 105.9) AU/ml], Z were-2.897,-3.179, both P<0.05. Conclusions:2019-nCoV IgG antibody has a good application value in the diagnosis of NCP. The concentration of 2019-nCoV IgM antibody has a certain correlation with the detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. The combination of 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibodies with 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test may be the best laboratory index for the diagnosis of NCP at present.

Objective:Analysis of subtype distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, pathological findings of HPV-positive patients operated colposcopy and cervical histopathological examination in Changsha from 2020 to 2022.Methods:Retrospective analysis of HPV infection status of 60 354 patients was treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from Jan. 2020 to Oct. 2022. They were divided into<25 years old group (3 250 cases), 25-34 years old group (19 406 cases), 35-44 years old group (17 297 cases), 45-54 years old group (13 104 cases), 55-64 years old group (4 793 cases) and≥65 years old group (2 504 cases). Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from women and specimen of lesion site were collected from men. HPV genotyping detection used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow fluorescence hybridization, which could detect 27 HPV genotypes. Analyze the distribution of HPV subtypes in patients of different age groups and different treatment departments. Analyze the relationship between the infection of HPV subtypes and the outcome of 224 patients with HPV positive who also underwent colposcopy and cervical histopathology. Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analysis, and two-tailed P<0.05 was statistically significant; Pearson chi-square test or continuous correction chi-square test was used to compare the rates between groups, and two-tailed P<0.05 was statistically significant; Chi-square split test was used to compare multiple sample rates. The standard test was corrected according to the number of groups and then compared. The difference was statistically significant when the two-tailed P value was less than the corrected standard test. Results:The overall positive rate of HPV was 16.4% (9 909/60 354). Among all HPV positive patients, affection of single type HPV accounted for 75.5% (7 479/9 909) and affection of multi-type HPV accounted for 24.5% (2 430/9 909). The top six HPV types with infection rates from high to low were: HPV52 22.8% (2 256/9 909), HPV58 11.1% (1 097/9 909), HPV53 10.5% (1 045/9 909), HPV16 9.0% (890/9 909), HPV61 7.8% (774/9 909) and HPV6 7.6% (750/9 909). The difference of overall infection rate between different age groups was statistically significant (χ 2=536.90, P<0.001). The HPV infection rate was the highest in the<25 years old group, 30.1% (978/3 250), and it is higher than the age groups of 25-34 years old, 15.6% (3 035/19 406), group of 35-44 years old, 14.2% (2 464/17 297), group of 45-54 years old, 16.1% (2 115/13 104), group of 55-64 years old, 19.1% (915/4 793) and group of≥65 years old, 16.1% (402/2 504), with statistical significance( P<0.001 respectively). The most common types of HPV infection were type 6, 16.7% (378/2 266) and type 11, 10.5% (239/2 266) in dermatology clinics. The positive rate of HPV16 accounted for 12/17 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 and cervical cancer cases, it was significantly higher than that in the inflammatory cases, 25.0% (35/140) and CIN1 cases, 23.0% (11/48), the statistical values were χ 2=15.02, P<0.001 and χ 2=12.48, P<0.001, respectively, all of which were statistically significant. Conclusions:HPV infection rate is highest in young people under 25 years old. Low-risk HPV6 and 11 are the main types of skin and venereal diseases. Among the total cases, high-risk HPV52, 58 and 53 are the most common types of infection with women in Changsha. However, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer are more closely related to HPV16 infection.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules whose role in breast cancer has been gradually discovered and clinically recognized and valued. MiRNAs play a role in the regulation of related target genes and signaling pathways in breast cancer, and participate in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and have new biomarker potential in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. It provides new ways and methods for the clinical treatment of breast cancer, and has important value and application prospects in reducing drug resistance and enhancing drug sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress of miRNAs in the molecular mechanism, clinical diagnosis, prognosis and clinical target treatment of breast cancer, and puts some suggestions and forward for future research directions.

Objective: To investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the hydrothorax and ascites, and to approach the diagnostic value of three combined indexes in benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites. Methods: Case-control study. A total of 278 patients with hydrothorax and ascites were enrolled in this study who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to July 2019 to detect the levels of MMP-3, ADA and LDH in the hydrothorax and ascites. The benign group (208 patients) and malignant group (70 patients) were compared with MMP-3, ADA, LDH, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity in the hydrothorax and ascites, and the results were compared comprehensively. Results: (1)The MMP-3 level in the benign hydrothorax group was 89.21±61.93 ng/mL, the ADA level was (9.08±8.89) U/L, the LDH level was (143.34±68.63) U/L, and the MMP-3 level in the malignant hydrothorax group was (205.63±98.16) ng/mL, he ADA level was (10.96±5.04) U/L, the LDH level was (243.44±131.20) U/L. The MMP-3 level in the benign ascites group was (84.91±73.48) ng/mL, the ADA level was (3.48±2.80) U/L, the LDH level was (99.48±69.53) U/L, and the MMP-3 level in the malignant ascites group was (174.89±82.48) ng/mL, the ADA level was (6.31±4.42) U/L, the LDH level was (191.86±94.52) U/L. The levels of MMP-3, ADA and LDH in the hydrothorax and ascites of the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z₁ values were 5.215, 2.549, 3.212, respectively, and Z₂ values were 6.188, 4.524, 6.38, respectively, P₁ and P₂ were <0.05). (2)The area under the curve (AUC) of MMP-3 for diagnosis of hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites was 0.853, 0.826, and 0.763, respectively. The sensitivity was 76%, 96.9%, and 92.3%, respectively, and the specificity was 80%, 64.5%, 61.6%. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 in lung cancer hydrothorax and liver cancer ascites was higher than ADA (AUC were 0.672, 0.691,respectively) and LDH (AUC were 0.717, 0.804, respectively), and the diagnostic efficacy of gastric cancer ascites was lower than ADA (AUC is 0.808) and LDH (AUC is 0.849), and LDH was the best. (3)The AUC of MMP-3, ADA and LDH combined diagnosis of lung cancer hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites were 0.861, 0.842, and 0.879, respectively. The sensitivities were 64%, 96.9%, and 84.6%, respectively, and the specificities were 92.9%, 63.8%, and 80.4%, respectively. In the lung cancer hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites, the combined efficacy of the three combined tests was better than the combined detection of MMP-3 and LDH (AUC were 0.86, 0.839, 0.872, respectively), combined detection of MMP-3 and ADA (AUC were 0.845, 0.831, 0.855, respectively), LDH and ADA combined detection (AUC were 0.713, 0.791, 0.846, respectively). Conclusions MMP-3 is important for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites, and may be one of the important indicators for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 combined with ADA and LDH and three combined detection is better than single index, which has certain clinical value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites.