OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on learning and memory ability of ibotenic acid(IBA)-induced Alzheimer’s disease model of mouse and content of acetylcholine(ACh)in hippocam?pus.METHODS:To develop the model by injecting into basalis magnocellularis with IBA.The models were treated with PNS and NS.Learning and memory ability were measured by Morris water maze and content of ACh in hippocampus by spec?trophotometry.RESULTS:PNS can increase learning and memory ability and the content of ACh in hippocampus of model mouse.CONCLUSION:The reduction of learning and memory ability of mouse could be treated with PNS,and the increase of the content of ACh in hippocampus may be one of the mechanism of the effects.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of bacterial endotoxin in Puerarin and Glucose injection.METHODS:The kinetic-turbidimetric technique was adopted to dilute the puerarin glucose injection by2-fold,in which,the contents of bacterial endotoxin was determinated by preliminary interference test and interference test.RESULTS:Diluting the sample by2-fold could effectively eliminate its interference to tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL).The average recovery rate was at the range of50%～200%.CONCLUSLON:Compared with the pyrogen rabbit de-termination method and the half-quantity gel method,the kinetic-turbidimetic technique has many merits such as high de-termination sensitivity,short cycle,accurate result and better reproduction quality,etc.

OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze blood concentration changes of fluorouracil administered to guinea pigs by different paths.METHODS:The peripheral vein and portal vein blood samples of guinea pigs were taken at different time after administered with fluorouracil in3different ways:group A(by arterial infusion),group B(by intravenous infusion)and group C(by celiac infusion).The blood concentration changes were determined and analyzed by HPLC.RESULTS:The portal vein and peripheral vein blood concentrations in group A and B reached peak value5min after administration with flu?orouracil while group C reached peak at10min;the portal vein blood concentrations in group A reached the highest in the first20min while group C showed the highest value in the last30min.CONCLUSION:Arterial infusion combining celiac infusion path was recommended for local chemotherapy;arterial infusion combining intravenous infusion or intravenous infusion com?bining celiac infusion was recommended for the local therapy while giving consideration to systemic chemotherapy.

Objective　To find out the distribution of the normal rating dactylogram of the juveniles of the She Nationality. Methods　According to living body measure need, Prussian blue was used. Result　Each type of dactylogram in number was as follows: LU＞WS＞WD＞AT＞AS. Ridgs count of each finger in quantitative order:thumb＞ring finger＞middle finger＞index finger＞little finger. Conclusion　The rate of appearance of normal finger prints in various nationalities and regions has obvious difference, the normal rating of the dactylogram of the juveniles of the She Nationality differs from that of the local juveniles of the Han nationality.

Objective To investigate the effect of perioperative secondary thoracotomy on the risk of thrombosis in patients with thoracic trauma.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted on the clinical data of 175 patients with thoracic trauma who underwent thoracotomy from January 2000 to December 2016.According to whether the patients underwent secondary thoracotomy,they were divided into secondary thoracotomy group (36 cases) and the control group (139 cases).In the secondary thoracotomy group,there were 25 males and 11 females,with age of (65.4 ± 5.5) years and thoracic abbreviated injury score (AIS) of (3.8 ±0.6) points.In the control group,there were 98 males and 41 females,with the age of (64.6 ±5.3)years and thoracic AIS of (3.7 ±0.8)points.The ICU stay,thoracic drainage,bed rest time,and the incidence of thrombosis in two groups were compared,and the levels of endothelin (ET-1),D-dimer aggregation and platelet were measured.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of secondary thoracotomy on the risk of thrombosis.Results Compared with the control group,patients in the secondary thoracotomy group had longer ICU stay [(4.2 ± 1.4) d ∶(1.8± 1.0)d](P＜0.01),more thoracic drainage [(1 550 ±250)ml ∶ (635 ± 184)ml] (P＜0.01),and longer bed rest time [(5.4 ± 1.6) days ∶ (1.5 ± 0.9) days] (P ＜ 0.01).There were significant differences in levels of ET-1 and D-dimer aggregation between two groups (P＜0.01).There was significant difference in platelet count after 5 days (P ＜ 0.01).Twelve cases of deep venous thrombosis (33％) occurred in the secondary thoracotomy group,of which six cases died of thrombus related complications.Eight cases (5.7％) of deep venous thrombosis occurred in the control group,all of which recovered (P ＜ 0.05).In multivariate analysis,ET-1 (OR =7.46,95％ CI 4.53-11.06,P ＜ 0.05),D-dimer aggregation (OR =4.28,95％ CI 2.65-8.37,P ＜ 0.05),and platelet count (OR =1.13,95 ％ CI 0.56-1.98,P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors for thrombosis events.Conclusions Perioperative secondary thoracotomy increases the risk of thrombotic events.ICU hospitalization,thoracic drainage,and bed time are associated with thrombosis events.ET-1,D-dimer aggregation,and platelet count are independent risk factors for thrombosis events.

Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), a self-immobilized aggregate containing various functional microorganisms, is considered as a promising green process for wastewater treatment. AnGS has the advantages of high volume loading rate, simple process and low excess sludge generation, thus shows great technological and economical potentials. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances of the microbial community structure and function of anaerobic granular sludge, and discusses the factors affecting the formation and stability of anaerobic granular sludge from the perspective of microbiology. Moreover, future research directions of AnGS are prospected. This review is expected to facilitate the research and engineering application of AnGS.
Sewage/chemistry* ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Anaerobiosis ; Microbiota ; Water Purification ; Bioreactors/microbiology*

ObjectiveTo clarify the accumulation and distribution characteristics of dry matter and mineral elements in Artemisia argyi var. argyi cv. Qiai， and to provide technical support for the high yield of and efficient utilization of nutrients in this medicinal species. MethodTwo cultivars of this species， Qiqing 1 and Qihuang 1 were selected， and the composition of dry matter in different organs， the content， accumulation， and distribution of mineral elements in each organ of the two cultivars， and the dynamic changes of volatile oil content and index components eucalyptol and borneol in leaves of the two cultivars were monitored at different growth stages. ResultThe period from February to March marked the early growth stage of Qiai， and the dry matter was mainly distributed in the leaves. It accelerated the growth in April， and the period from April to mid-June witnessed the vigorous vegetative growth of Qiai， during which the dry matter was mainly found in the stems and leaves. It began the reproductive growth from late June and the dry matter was mainly distributed in the stems. In the flowering stage in August， no dry matter accumulation occurred. As for the volatile oil， the content was high （> 1.10%） at the vigorous vegetative growth stage and peaked on June 14 （1.33% in Qiqing 1， and 1.23% in Qihuang 1）. The relative mass fraction of eucalyptol was the maximum at the vegetative growth stage （8.67% in Qiqing 1， and 13.07% in Qihuang 1）. The relative mass fraction of borneol peaked at the early growth stage （2.63% in Qiqing 1， and 5.94% in Qihuang 1）. The content of nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， and zinc in leaves was in significantly positive correlation with the content of volatile oil and the relative content of eucalyptol and borneol. The content of macroelements nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， and calcium and trace elements iron and zinc peaked at the early growth stage， and the content was the highest in stem and leaf. The content of macroelement magnesium and trace elements manganese and copper was the highest at vegetative growth stage when the content of other elements decreased and the nutrients were gradually transferred to the buds， flowers and other organs. In the whole growth period， the distribution of potassium， calcium， and zinc was in the order of leaf > stem > root， and the distribution of nitrogen， phosphorus， copper， magnesium， and manganese followed the order of leaf > root > stem. The distribution of iron was in the order of root > leaf > stem. There was a significantly positive correlation between the total amount of dry matter and the absorption of nutrients in 'Qiai'. The absorption of macroelements by Qiai was in the order of potassium > nitrogen > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium， and the ratio of absorbed elements was about 2.66∶2.51∶0.6∶0.11∶0.04. The absorption of trace elements followed the order of manganese > iron > zinc > copper， and the ratio of absorbed elements was about 0.25∶0.17∶0.05∶0.04. In terms of the production of medicinal materials， 'Qiai' needed about 4.11 kg potassium， 3.58 kg nitrogen， 0.91 kg phosphorus， 0.18 kg calcium， 0.06 kg magnesium， about 6.64 g manganese， 2.56 g iron， 1.30 g zinc， and 0.92 g copper to produce 100 kg medicinal materials. ConclusionEnough organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizers for Qiai. The vegetative growth stage （April-June） marks the high accumulation of dry matter and large demand of nutrients， during which topdressing should be conducted timely and early， especially nitrogen fertilizer， and appropriate amount of micro-element fertilizer should be added. Qiai needs a large amount of calcium and magnesium fertilizers from the mid-vegetative growth stage， and they should be applied in time in the late stage to ensure the vegetative growth of the plants for seeds and the quality of the medicinal material of Qiai.

Cytosine methylation is one of the major types of DNA epigenetic modifications and plays an important role in maintaining normal cell function and regulating gene expression. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) based cloning and sequencing is a general method for detecting DNA methylation at specific sites, which can clarify the methylation status of each CpG site in the target fragment. However, this method requires large amounts of single-clonal sequencing, which is complicated to operate, time consuming and expensive. Therefore, the development of an accurate, efficient and convenient DNA methylation detection technology is of great significance to improve the efficiency of epigenetic research. Based on the high-throughput mutation detection platform Hi-TOM (high-throughput tracking of mutations) developed by our group, we further established a site-specific DNA methylation high-throughput detection platform Hi-Meth (High-throughput Detection of DNA Methylation). After bisulfite treatment of DNA samples, the specific site-specific DNA methylation analysis results could be obtained through the Hi-Meth platform by performing only one round of PCR amplification. Using the Hi-Meth platform, the DNA methylation status of two promoter regions of rice were detected. The DNA methylation results from Hi-Meth were consistent with the results from BSP-based method. Thus, site-specific DNA methylation analysis results could be obtained accurately and conveniently through the Hi-Meth platform. In conclusion, Hi-Meth provides an important methylation detection platform for specific DNA regions, which has important significance for epigenetic research.
DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods*