BACKGROUND:The creep characteristics of cancellous bone from necrotic femoral head are important for clinical artificial joint replacement.Therefore,it is necessary to study mechanical properties of cancellous bone at 45°direction.OBJECTIVE:To compare creep properties of normal femoral head and necrotic femoral head at 45°direction based on three-parameter model established creep equation METHODS:A total Of 8 normal and 8 necrotic femoral heads were used.The cancellous bone was harvested at 45° and subjected to creep test on electronic universal testing machine.With simulated temperature field of human body temperature at36.5℃.stress was imposed on the samples by an increase of 5%/s for 7 200 seconds.100 experimental data were collected,and stress relaxation equation was calculated using three-parameter model.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The creep curve of the femoral head of normal and necrotic changes was exponential relation.Changes were fast in the first 600 seconds,and strain increased slowly with time,finally entered into balance stage.7 200 s creep of cancellous,bone from necrotic femoral head was less than normal femoral head cancellous bone.Three-parameter model calculation is simple and can well fit the creep of changes in the femoral head.The establishment of such idealized equation quantitatively shows poor visco-elasticity of the necrotic femoral head.

Objective To explore the methods for early diagnosis and treatment of blunt pancreatic injury.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with blunt pancreatic injury treated in our hospital from Janurery 2004 to Janurery 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The conformity diagnosis rate of CT was 79.3%.Four cases received nonoperative treatment including 3 cases of grade I and 1 of grade II injury.A total of 28 cases with blunt pancreatic injury underwent operation: 5 grade I and 7 grade II cases underwent debridement and drainage;among the patients with grade Ⅲ injury,4 underwent distal pancreatectomy in combination with splenectomy,and 2 pancreatectomy with spleen preservation;amongst the 5 patients with grade Ⅳ injury,4 underwent Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy and 1 underwent distal pancreatectomy in combination with splenectomy;of the 5 patients with grade Ⅴ injury,1 case was operated on using duodenorrhaphy and diverticulization,2 underwent the Whipple′s procedare and 2 had damage control surgery.Three patients died of multiple organ failure,and complications occurred in 19(76.0%).Pancreatic fistula and pancreatic pseudocysts were the main complications.Conclusions In the absence of major pancreatic ductal injury,and the clinical conditions were stable,pancreatic injuries can be treated with nonoperative management.Operative treatment is suitable for severe blunt pancreatic injury.Appropriate operation,based on patient condition and the classification of pancrecatic trauma,is the key to increase the cure rate and decrease mortality rate.

Objective To observe the impact of lysophosphatidyl choline(LPC) on the expression of scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ(SRBI) in L-20 cells and the impact of simvastatin.Methods Cultured hepatocytes were randomly assigned to normal group,LPC-damaged group and simvastatin group.The changes of mRNA and protein expression of SRBI in hepatic tissue were assayed by RT-PCR,immunocytochemistry and Western blot,respectively.Results The expression of SRBI was higher in LPC-damaged hepatocytes than that in normal cells at both mRNA and protein level(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary duodenal carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 41 cases with primary duodenal carcinoma admired during 2000-2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Clinical manifestation was not specific, including abdominal pain, abdominal distention, jaundice, bowel obstruction or bleeding. The correct diagnosis rate of endoscopy, duodenography, ultrasound and CT was 86%, 90%, 20% and 33% respectively. 23 cases underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 6 cases received segmental duodenectomy, 9 cases received bypass operation and 3 cases underwent biopsy. Overall postoperative 5-year survival rate was 18%. Univariate analysis revealed that the operation types, tumor histology, depth of tumor invatian, lymphatic invasion correlated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only the operative types, depth of tumor invasion and lymphatic invasion were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Duodenography and endoscopy are major methods for diagnosis of primary duodenal carcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the choice of therapy for primary duodenal carcinoma.

Objective To explore the impact of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in type 2 diabetic probands on the phenotype of insulin resistance and β-cell function in normoglycemic first-degree relatives. Methods One hundred and eighty-six type 2 diabetic probands and 489 normoglycemic first-degree relatives were selected from 186 type 2 diabetes core families. 115 first-degree relatives (FDR1 group) of probands with low WHR (1st quartile: <0.86 for males and <0.84 for females) and 106 first-degree relatives (FDR2 group) of probands with high WHR (4th quartile: >0.92 for males and >0.89 for females) were identified to intensively study from 489 normoglycemic first-degree relatives. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function was quantified as the ratio of the incremental insulin to glucose responses over the first 30 min (△I30/△G30) during the oral glucose tolerance test. The latter measure was also adjusted for the assay of insulin sensitivity as it modulated β-cell function (△I,,30>·△G-1,30·HOMA-IR-1). Results The body mass index, the waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in female first-degree relatives, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride and HOMA-1R were significantly higher in FDR2 group than those in FDR1 group andhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol,△I30/△G30, △I-130·HOMA-IR-1were significantly lower in FDR2 group than those in FDRI group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.O1). The waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in relatives of probands with low and high WHR were positively correlated with the HOMA-IR. However, the least square regression analysis showed that the slope from regression in FDR2 group were significantly steeper than thatin FDR1 group(both P <0.01). Conclusion The normoglycemic first-degree relatives of the type 2 diabetic probands with high WHR had much more evident phenotype of insulin resistance and decreased β-cell function, and a slight increase in abdominal obesity had a greater impact on insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the effects of adiponectin on the development of atherosclerosis.Methods The in vivo role of adiponectin on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits was investigated mainly using adiponectin-producing adenovirus(Ad-APN)and intravascular ultrasound(IVUS).On day 14 after Ad-APN local transfer to the intima of abdominal aortas,abdominal IVUS images were recorded and then rabbits were sacrificed.Abdominal aortas were collected and performed histochemical analysis.Results Ultrasonography revealed a significantly reduced atherosclerotic area,in abdominal aortas of rabbits infected through intima with Ad-APN,by 36.39% compared with the area in adenovirus expressing β galactosidase gene(Ad-βgal)treated rabbits(P＜0.01),and by 37.50% compared with that before treatment(P＜0.01).The lumen area stenosis was also reduced by 23.37%(P＜0.05)and 33.15%(P＜0.01),respectively.In rabbits with Ad-APN infection,the atherosclerotic plaque area as seen on Oil Red O staining was reduced significantly,by 30.70%(P＜0.05)and the greatest thickness of plaque was reduced,by 20.83%(P＜0.05)as compared with those in Ad-βgal-treated rabbits,respectively.Conclusions Intravascular ultrasound analysis is a valuable method in the in vivo study about the effects of adiponectin on the development of atherosclerosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the activation of MAPK signal pathway in multiple myeloma and the regulation of BLyS expression levels through MAPK signal pathway; preliminarily study the role of MAPK signal pathway in the up-regulation of BLyS expression levels induced by IFN-γ.MethodsActivated MAPK pathway were detected by Western blot,while the expression of BLyS were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot,and Western blot investigated the effect of MAPK pathway on BLyS expression levels induced by IFN-γ.ResultsIn addition to the expression of ERK,JNK,p38,p-JNK was also expressed in MM cell lines,the MAPK pathway inhibitor targeting JNK SP600125 can down-regulate the expression of BLyS,and its activator anisomycin can up-regulate the expression of BLyS.SP600125 restrained the proliferation and survival of MM cells.ConclusionJNK/SAPK pathway was activated in MM cells; The activated degree of JNK/SAPK pathway and the expression level of BLyS was positively correlated.JNK/SAPK pathway play an important role in the up-regulation of BLyS expression levels induced by IFN-γ.

Objective To explore the association of serum bilirubin level at the time of admission with the compos?ite outcome（disability or death）in discharged patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods In a retrospective cohortstudy from June 1st 2009 to May 31st 2012, we continuously included 3151 patients with acute ischemic stroke and col?lected demography,lifestyle,clinical manifestations and laboratory test data. Functional outcome was measured with themodified Rankin scale (mRS) when subjects were discharged. Disability was defined as mRS≥3 and composite outcomewas defined as mRS≥3 or death. Serum bilirubin was divided into four groups according to the quartile. Multiple Coxregression analysis was used to assess the independent relation between serum bilirubin and disability death and the com?posite outcome. Results There were 407 disabled patients，the disability rate was 12.9%；and 104 patients were dead，the fatality rate was 3.3%.After adjusting for multiple factors, we found the risks of composite outcome with total bilirubin in the four quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95%CI were 1.335(1.047～1.702) respectively；The risks of composite outcome with indirect bilirubin in the four quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95%CI were 1.355(1.062～1.728) respectively; The risks of composite outcome with bilirubin direct in the third and the forth quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95% CI were11.403(1.089～1.807)and 1.431 (1.118～1.833) respectively.With the increase of total bilirubin，indirect bilirubin and direct bilirubin level，the compos?ite outcome of discharged patient was on the increase. Conclusions The study indicated that higher serum bilirubincould increase the risk of composite outcome in ischemic stroke patients, there was dose-response relationship ,and bili?rubin was a independent risk factor.

Temporins are a kind of small,hydrophobic and C-terminus amidated antimicrobial peptides from Rana species.They are effective against bacteria,fungi,yeast,protozoa and viruses.Two novel temporins named as temporin-La(LLRHWKILEKYLanifc) and temporin-Lb(LFRHVVKIFEK.Ylamid.) were cloned from Lithobates catesbeianus.Synthetic peptides of temporin-La and temporin-Lb showed strong antimicrobial activities against bacteria tested,especially Gram-positive bacteria.Besides,temporin-La showed no haemolytic activity to rabbit erythrocytes at the concentration of 250 mg/L while temporin-Lb showed weak haemolytic activity(LC50≈ 230 μmol/L).Transmission electron microscopy showed that temporin-La and temporin-Lb induced different effects on bacterial structure of Staphylococcus aureus.

In order to know that Streptococcus exist in health swine herd,2 204 cases of nose swabs were collected in swine from different areas in Dongbei three province of northeast China.Seed swab to Streptococcus culture medium,24 hours after culturing,gram staining with becteria culture,gram positive Streptococcus were identified with PCR technology,then farther identified serotype with Streptococcus suis 1,2,7,9 serotype special primers.The results showed that Streptococcus exist rate in swine herd of Heilongjiang,Jinlin,Liaoning is 29 %,27 %,34 %,respectively.PCR typing assay indicated that 155 strains of Streptococcus suis were isolated including 7 strains of 1 serotype,39 strains of 2 serotype,4 strains of 7 serotype,11 strains of 9 serotype,94 strains of other serotype in three province of northeast China.