OBJECTIVE:To enhance pharmaceutical enterprises' awareness on social responsibility and facilitate their understanding of their social responsibility.METHODS:The motivations for pharmaceutical enterprises to bear social responsibility and their social responsibility at different levels were analyzed by combining theory with practice.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The motivations for pharmaceutical enterprises to bear social responsibility arise from both interior and exterior factors.In order to facilitate the understanding of pharmaceutical enterprises at different stages of development about their social responsibility and achieve a long-term development by realistically assuming their responsibility meanwhile promoting social welfare,it is advisable to divided their social responsibility into 3 levels:basic level,medial level and high level.

OBJECTIVE:To provide basis and advices for the research of new traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Sichuan province.METHODS: The data of the application and registration of TCM treated as new medicine and new TCM in Sichuan province from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed and evaluated statistically.RESULTS: The number of the application was growing but new medicine was countable with low approval rate.The research institutes hadn’t played a prominent role in the research of new drug.CONCLUSION: The innovation and research of original TCM and the transformation of achievement should be enhanced to achieve the goal of a strong province on TCM.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the measures for diversified development of pharmaceutical retail chain stores in Chi-na.METHODS:The current problems existing in pharmaceutical retail chain stores were discussed,and the measures were put forward on the basis of these problems.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Brand diversification is the only route of development for pharmaceutical retail chain stores in China,to which diversification in drug sales is a most supplement,and creativity is the source of diversification.

OBJECTIVE:To put forward suggestions for the guaranteeing of the supply of the essential medicines in China. METHODS:The problems occurred in the production,circulation and application of essential medicines as well as the policies issued in the medical reform including the assigned production,centralized purchasing,direct distribution and standard application were discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The essential medicines can be produced by selectively assigned production,and the continuity of the production of the essential medicines calls for efforts of multiple means.It is better for medicare agency to be responsible for centralized purchasing and the construction of the delivering and distributing system of medicines should be strengthened.The system of enforcement use and incentive measures should be established to ensure that the essentials medicines be used by clinicians.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of percentage of pulmonary perfusion defect score ( PPDs％ ) for risk stratification and prognosis evaluation in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE).Methods A retrospective study was carried out on PPDs％ data of patients( n =21 ) with confirmed APE from January 2001 to December 2008.The patients were divided into three levels,low( n =10),medial( n =7) and high risk groups( n =4),according to 2008 ESC APE diagnosis and treatment guidelines.The reference index in predicting risk stratification by PPDs％ was ascertained.34 patients with confirmed APE were divided into three levels ( mild,moderate and severe risk levels) according to the standard of PPDS％ diagnosis from January 2009 to June 2011.A prospective study on the incidence rate of the clinical adverse events was performed.Results The PPDs％ of low,medial and high risk levels according to 2008 ESC guidelines were (25.94 ± 3.95 ) ％,(45.63 ± 4.38 ) ％ and ( 58.42 ± 4.96 ) ％ respectively,with a significant difference ( t ≥4.755,P ＜ 0.01 ).The standard of PPDS％ diagnosis for risk stratification was confirmed in APE:low risk levels:PPDs％ ＜ 30％,moderate:30％ ≤ PPDs％ ＜50％,and high:PPDs％ ≥50％.The mild,moderate and severe risk patients with APE were 17cases,11cases and 6cases respectively,according to the standard of PPDs％ diagnosis,or 15cases,13cases and 6cases respectiveldy,according to the standard of 2008 ESC guidelines.The uniform rate was 94.11％ for two methods; the uniform rate was 100.00％ in which high risk of APE.The mild,moderate and severe risk patients with APE according to the standard of PPDs％ standard with clinical adverse events for were 1case (5.89％ ),3cases (27.27％ ) and 4cases (66.67％ ) respectively,with a significant difference ( x2 =9.23,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions PPDs％ could be used as an important reference index for risk stratification of diagnosis,selecting therapeutic programs,evaluating therapeutic efficiency and predicting the prognosis in patients with APE.

Objective To study the related factors in diabetic patients with lOwer extremital deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and the nursing strategy. Methods 58 diabetic cases underwent lower limbs 99mTc-MAA veins imaging and/or ultrasunography. The related laboratory data such as fasting plasma glucose(FPG),blood cholesterol, blood triglycerides and clinic informations such as age, disease courses, lower limbs symptoms (swelling, erooted veins and diabetic foot) and acute complication (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non ketotic diabetic coma) were collected simultaneously. The relationship of each factors with DVT incidence were analyzed. Results 28 patients (48.3%) complicated with lower limbs DVT. The DVT incidence was signifi-cantly different among patients with different age, disease courses, FPG, blood cholesterol, blood triglycerides, lower limbs symptoms and acute complication, respectively. No significant difference was seen in patients with different blood pressure, body weight index, diabetes type. Conclusions Various dangerous factors accumu-lating in DM such as old age, long disease courses, high FPG, high blood cholesterol and high blood triglyc-erides contribute to the high incidence of lower limbs DVT. Early intervention, comprehensive treatment and in-tensive nursing should be applied to reduce the incidence of DVT.

Objective To study the related risk factors of pulmonary embolism(PE) in diabetic patients.Methods 58 diabetic cases were underwent lower limbs 99mTc-MAA veins imaging(and/or ultrasonography) and pulmonary perfusion imaging.The related laboratory data [fasting blood glucose(FBG),blood cholesterol,blood long chain triglycerides(LCT)]and clinial informations [age,disease courses,chest symptoms(chest pain and short of breathe),lower limbs symptoms(swelling,crooted veins and diabetic foot) and acute complication(diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non ketotic diabetic coma)]were collected simultaneously.SPSS was used for χ2-test and Logistic regression analysis.Results 28 patients(48.3%) were showed to be with lower limbs deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and by 99Tcm-MAA imaging,10 cases(17.2%) with PE.The PE ratio(32.1%) of the patients with DVT was more higher than no DVT(3.3%)(χ2 = 6.53,P＜0.05).Single factor analysis showed the PE ratios had significant difference to factors of chest symptoms,lower limbs symptoms and acute complication(all P＜0.05),respectively.There were no significant difference in other factors of age,disease courses,FBG,blood cholesterol,LCT,blood pressure,weight index,DM type(all P＞0.05),respectively.Multiplicity analysis indicated:the related risk factors of PE included chest symptoms(Score = 13.316,P＜0.01) and lower limbs symptoms(Score = 7.780,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in other factors(all P＞0.05),respectively.Conclusion The serious DM with chest symptoms,lower limbs symptoms and/or DVT could be controlled as early as possible by all kinds of treatment.It would decrease the PE complication.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the decfion of percentage of pulmonary perfusion defect score (PPDS％) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods A retrospective study was carried out on PPDs％ data of patients(n =36) with clinical confirmed PE.The patients were divided into three levels:low (PPDS％ ＜30％),medial (30％ ≤PPDS％ ＜50％) and high (PPDS％ ≥50％) risk groups,according to the standard of PPDs％ diagnosis.the PPDS％ and the incidence rate of the clinical adverse events were compared in mild,moderate and severe risk PE.The therapeutic results were compared with the PPDS％ changes.Results The mild,moderate and severe risk patients with PE were 15 cases,13 cases and 8 cases respectively,according to the standard of PPDS％ diagnosis.16 cases,12 cases and 8 cases respectively,according to the standard of 2008 ESC APE diagnosis and treatment guidelines.The uniform rate was 94.4％ for two methods,the uniform rate was 100.0％ in which high risk of PE.The PPDS％ of PE was (46.2 ± 4.6) ％ before treatment.The data was significantly higher than that post treatment (31.6％ ± 1.8％) (t =17.38,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of low,medial and high risk patients were (25.9 ± 3.9) ％,(45.6 ± 4.3) ％ and (58.4 ± 4.9) ％ (t =6.18,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.The mild,moderate and severe risk PE according to the PPDS％ standard with clinical adverse events for were 1 cases (6.5％),3 cases (23.0％) and 5 cases (62.5 ％) respectively,with a significant difference (x2 =8.71,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PPDS％ could be used as an important reference index for risk stratification of diagnosis,evaluating therapeutic efficiency and predicting the prognosis in patients with PE.

Objective To observe the anatomical and histological features of anterolateral ligament (ALL)in the knee of Chinese adults,so as to identify the existence of ALL and provide an anatomical foundation for clinical reconstruction.Methods Ten adult knee specimens were randomly selected to be dissected,and the femoral,tibial and meniscus attachment points of the ALL were observed.The length,width and thickness were measured using the vernier caliper after the dissection.Three specimens were subjected to histological staining in the end.Results (1)ALL originated from the lateral femoral condyle—the same point of the lateral collateral ligament femoral side or the distal-anterior side,with its body divided into two branches,located in the tibia and the lateral meniscus respectively.The starting point of tibial side ALL was located at the mid-point of Gerdy's tubercle to fibula head,below tibial cartilage edge,with the meniscus point located in the lateral meniscus anterior horn and body junction area.(2) The average length of ALL is 38.89 ± 4.67 mm.The width in the femur,tibial attachment point was fan-shaped spread connected with sclerotin,being the narrowest at the joint line.The width at the femur,tibial attachment point and the joint line was 8.49 ± 1.36 mm,8.15 ± 1.38 mm and 6.49 ± 1.09 mm respectively,with the thickness of 1.33 ± 0.38 mm.The distance from tibia attachment points to the Gerdy's tubercle,fibular head and tibia cartilage margin was 22.59 ± 3.04 mm,21.15 ± 2.78 mm and 5.76 ± 0.57 mm respectively.(3) HE staining showed that ALL was dense connective tissue consisting of parallel arranged collagen fibers,while S-100 staining indicated that ALL contained sensory motor nerve fibers.Conclusion ALL is independent of the joint capsule and originates from the femoral lateral condyle.Its body is divided into two branches,located in the tibia and the lateral meniscus respectively.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ~(99m)Tc-MAA imaging in patients with lower extremital posttraumatosis and postoperation(LEPP).Methods 21 LEPP patients with clinical highly suspected acute pulmonary embolism(APE) underwent ~(99m)Tc-MAA veins imaging and pulmonary perfusion imaging(PPI).Vena caval filters were inserted and thrombolysis were given in patients with big area APE and/or iliofemoral vein thrombosis indicated by ~(99m)Tc-MAA imaging.Thrombolysis was given in patients with small area APE and/or subpopliteal vein thrombosis.PPI was reexamined after 2～4weeks` treatment.The lung segments with 100% lack of perfusion were marked 3,those with 25%～75% were marked 2,those with less than 25% were marked 1 and normal was marked 0.The therapeutic results were assessed using this marking system.Results There were 13 patients with big area APE,8 with small area APE,14 with iliofemoral vein thrombosis,and 7 with subpopliteal vein thrombosis.2 cases(9.5%) died before thromobolytic therapy.The marks were significant different before(10.2?3.8) and after(2.8?1.4) treatment(t=7.75,P