BACKGROUND:Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement can impose elevated mechanical loading in the hip, and may eventual y result in hip osteoarthritis, while mechanical mechanism on how this deformity leads to osteoarthritis is stil unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze intra-articular mechanical environment of Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement in hip joint using three-dimensional finite element method, and to further understand the features of pathological mechanics.
METHODThree-dimensional geometry models of normal and Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement joints were constructed using Mimics and Hypermesh software with the CT data of normal hip joint. These hip models were imported into LS-DYNA analysis system, then dynamic loads and motions for standing up and sitting down were applied to al joint models. Intra-articular cartilage contact pressures and stresses were analyzed in normal hip joint and hip joint with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Based on CT data, models of normal hip joint and hip joint with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement including articular cartilage for three-dimensional finite element analysis were accurately constructed. Peak contact pressures were 4.43 and 4.59 MPa at the anterosuperior region of the acetabular rim during sitting down and standing up. The peaks of Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement hip joint were 14.96 and 14.86 MPa. Peak pressures and stress concentration were found at the anterosuperior area of acetabular rim. High contact pressure at the acetabular cartilage may be the mechanical mechanism of osteoarthritis induced by Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement.

Objective To prepare a microRNA (miRNA) delivery system using the branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI), linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) and polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) loaded with miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1, which can inhibit prostate cancer PC3 cell proliferation, and to examine the zeta potential, intracellular uptake, and the inhibition effect on PC3 cells of the three constructed nano-complexes. Methods Particle size analyzer was used to determine the size and potential of the three kinds of nano-complexes, and the miRNA affinity capability of them was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis retardation assay. The uptake efficiency of the nano-complexes by PC3 cells was examined by NC-miRNA labeled with FAM. CCK8 method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of the nano-complexes loaded with miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1 against PC3 cells, and PCR was used to analyze their inhibitory effect on expression of Bcl-2, Cylin D1 and Wnt3a gene in PC3 cells. Results BPEI, LPEI and PAMAM loaded with miRNA could form stable nano complexes. When N/P = 5, the intracellular uptake of BPEI/miRNA-FAM by PC3 cells was significantly higher than that of LPEI/miRNA-FAM and PAMAM/miRNA-FAM (P<0.05). BPEI, LPEI and PAMAM could all carry miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1 into PC3 cells and block Bcl-2,Cylin D1 and Wnt3a expression in PC3 cells. Conclusion BPEI, LPEI and PAMAM loaded with miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1 can suppress proliferation of prostate cancer PC3 cells and block Bcl-2,Cylin D1 and Wnt3a expression.

The current therapies for treating prostate cancer, in many cases, also cause damage to normal tissues and organs at the same time when killing cancer cells. The recent development of targeted therapy to some extent, may be a good solution to this problem. As vectors in targeted therapy, viral vectors have strong immunogenicity, toxicity and other disadvantages, and non-viral vectors for targeted therapy of prostate cancer may overcome these drawbacks. This review summarized the recent application of cationic polymers, liposomes and polymeric chitosan as non-viral vectors of gene drug for targeted therapy of prostate cancer.

Objective To discuss the operative difficulties and management in laparoscopic thyroidectomy.Method The clinical data of 169 cases undergoing laparoscopic thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Result Among 169 cases,only 2 cases were switched to open surgery.Among the other 167 cases local thyroidectomy for thyroid adenoma Was performed in 37 cases,one side subtotal thyroidectomy in 63 cases,two side subtotal thyroidectomy in 42 cases,laparoscopic subtotal thyroideetomy was done in 20 cases for Grave's disease,and radical thyroidectomy was undeRaken in 5 cases of thyroid carcinoma.Postoperatively fat colliquation occurred in 2 cases,pneumohypoderma,skin bruise and temporary vocal dullness or hoarsness in 1 each case.There was no postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,nor that of the parathyroid gland. Conclusions Laparoscopie thyroidectomy has its own intraoperative difficulties. Accurate operative skills and careful perioperative management can decrease the occurrence of complications.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dual plating internal fixation with olecranon osteotomy approach for the emergency surgery of complex distal humeral fractures (intereondylar and supracondylar fracture).Methods Forty-seven cases of complex distal humeral fractures were treated with emergency surgery from May 2002 to May 2007.The dual plating internal fLxation was implemented with olecranon osteotomy approach in a posteubital slight arc shaped median incision.Early postoperative rehabilitation was necessary.Results The follow-up period differed from 5 to 50 months,averaged 18 months.All fractures healed in 3-6 months after surgery.The Cassebaum scoring system was used for the assessment of cubital joint function,36 cases were excellent,4 cases were good,5 cases were common,and 2 cases were bad.The excellent and good rate was 85.1%.Conclusions For complex distal humeral fractures,dual plating internal fixation emergency surgery with olecranon osteotomy approach ensures the early postoperative rehabilitation of the cubital joint and the maximum possible functional recovery.It shows the efficacy is satisfactory.

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease in childhood. The interaction of genes, environment and host factors contributes to the development and progression of asthma, and the heterogeneity of asthma leads to the complexity of asthma phenotype classification. In this article, we reviewed recent analyses of asthma phenotypes in children using different criteria, including the age of onset, breathing pattern, clinical characteristics, airway inflammatory cells, risk factors, immunity and genetics, and assessed the prognosis of previous asthma phenotypes based on the above criteria, hoping to provide evidence for the treatment and prognosis of children with asthma.

Objective To evaluate the iodine nutrition level of Chinese naval soldiers, and to know whether the universal iodization policy is suitable for naval soldiers by examining their thyroid function and thyroid ultrasonography changes. Methods In June 2015, we examined the morning urine iodine and blood sample for thyroid function in 285 soldiers from the East Sea Fleet of Chinese Navy; the participants also underwent thyroid ultrasonography test. At the same time, we also detected the morning urine iodine of 296 randomly selected residents who lived in Shanghai andwere taking a routine check-up in the same hospital. SPSS 23. 0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The 285 naval soldiers included 278 males and 7 females, with an age of (25. 93 ± 4. 90) years. Their mean urinary iodine level was 119. 934 μg/L, with the median level being 97. 6 μg/L. There were 147 naval soldiers with urine iodine level <100 μg/L(51. 58%). Thyroid function examination showed that thyroid antibody was abnormal in 18 cases (6. 32%) and thyroid ultrasonography was abnormal in 39 cases (13. 68%). The 296 Shanghai residents included 59 males and 237 females, with an age of (40. 76 ± 28. 61) years old; the mean level of urinary iodine was 172. 482 μg/L (median was 146. 9 μg/L), which was significantly higher than that of naval soldiers (3 = 0. 001). There were 71 residents with urine iodine level <100 μg/L (23. 99%). Conclusion It has been found that 51. 58% of the Chinese naval soldiers have insufficient iodine intake, indicating that the policy of iodized salt is also suitable for the Navy soldiers, and their iodine intake should be evenmore.

Objective To use bilateral common carotid artery ligation for creating an aneurysm model of the basilar terminus in New Zealand white rabbits. Methods Twenty-sixadult New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to sham operation or bilateral common carotid artery ligation to increase basilar artery flow. Basilar artery flow velocity was monitored by transcranial Doppler before the operation, and 1 d, 1 week, and 4 weeks after surgery. Cerebral angiography was performed 4 weeks after surgery to observe the changes of basilar arteries. The basilar arteries were harvested to observe the morphological changes of the arteries and the histological characteristics of the bifurcation tissues 1 week and 4 weeks after the surgery. Results All animals survived in the sham group, and 80% (16/20) of the animals survived in the experimental group. Thebasilar artery flow velocity increased sharply one day after operation (increased by 226%) in the experimental group, and it kept increasing 1 week after the operation until reaching a stable state 4 weeks after operation. The basal arteries were dilated obviously and displayed tortuous formation after one week in the experimental group, but there was no such change in the sham group. All rabbits in the experimental group presented with thinned media and absent, disrupted or thinned internal elastic lamina near the basilar terminus. Conclusion Blood flow increase at the basilar bifurcation caused by ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries can lead to aneurysmal change at the basilar terminus of New Zealand white rabbits.

Gastric cancer has become the world's fourth most common malignant tumor, and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection is a major risk factor of occurrence and development of gastric cancer. In the multistage pathogenesis of gastric cancer, H.pylori infection induces chronic active gastritis slowly, which develops into gastric cancer in the end through precancerous stage of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and hyperplasia. Related researches prove that eradication of H.pylori, particularly in the early stage, can effectively prevent the occurrence of gastric cancer. In some cases, the eradication of H.pylori can prevent the development of gastric precancerous lesions and reverse them. This paper will elaborate on the role of H.pylori eradication in the prevention of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUNDTo observe the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro.

METHODSHuman lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was used to investigate the killing role of PDT with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as photosensitizer and semiconductor successive laser as light source. The cultured cell was treated with different concentrations of HPD and different do-sages of laser, then MTT colorometric assay was applied to measure the OD492.

RESULTS5 mg/L of HPD was confirmed no effect. 10 mg/L of HPD could produce a marked therapeutical effect under the condition of same laser dosage. When the concentration of HPD was increased, the effect was not risen obviously. 10 J/cm² of laser could lead OD492 to decrease to platform under the condition of same HPD concentration. So the killing effect was saturated when the PDT parameters were selected as 10 mg/L of HPD and 10 J/cm² of laser. Under the same laser capacity density of 10 J/cm², A549 cells were exposured to three different duty-time fabrications which were 214 mw×10 min, 428 mw×5 min and 714 mw×3 min.The outcomes showed that OD492 had no statistical difference.

CONCLUSIONSPDT has a significant killing effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. 10 mg/L of HPD and 10 J/cm² of laser were the best parameters of this experiment. The PDT effect is not influenced by different duty-time fabrications under the best laser capacity density.