Pinealectomy (PX), zymosan-in-duced-luminol-dependent-chemiluminescence (CL) and PGE2 radioimmunoassay were used to determine the effects of the pineal gland and melatonin ( MT ) on CL of peritoneal macrophages (PM?s) and PGE2 content in the hypothalamus and spleen in rats. It was suggested that the CL value of PM?s was decreased and PGE2 contents in the hypothalamus and spleenwere increased significantly after PX, which could be restored respectively by 10~ 1 000 ?g? kg-1MT and 10 ?g?kg-1MT. 10 ?g?kg-1MT could also inhibit PGE2 in the hypothalamus and spleen in normal rats.

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen(C Ⅱ) versus placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Seventy patients with active RA were randomly divided into receive placebo(n=35) or bovine CⅡ(n=35) at 0 1mg/day for 12 weeks,in a double-blind study.The cumulative response rates were analyzed by utilizing the American College of Rheumatology(ACR) criteria for improvement in RA,and the requirement for ≥50% improvement of outcome measures in ACR criteria.Results After the 12-week course of treatment,much more outcome was significantly improved in C Ⅱ group than in placebo group.The rates of improvement and remarkable improvement in CⅡ group were increased significantly,as compared with placebo group(54 55% vs 12 12% and 18 18% vs 3 13%,respectively,P0 05).Conclusions Oral administration of CⅡ in treating RA was significantly effective and has slight side effects.Further investigation in the field is worthwhile.

Objective To explore the association of suprapatellar pouch effusion with knee pain and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6,IL-17,IL-23 in patients with knee osteoarthritis measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods 204 patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled into the study.Suprapatellar pouch effusion was measured by OSIRIS in both grade (0-3) and maximum area (cm2).Serum IL-6,IL-17,IL-23 were measured.Knee pain was assessed by Western Ontario and McMasters osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) questionnaire and Lequesne index.Characteristics of patients were recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.Student t test or Chi-square test was used to compare means or proportions.Multivariable linear regression or logistic regression was used to determine risk factors (α=0.05).Results ① In the 204 patients [mean age (55±8) years,86.3％ were females],the prevalence of physiologic effusion (≤ 1) was 47.9％ while moderate or larger (≥2) effusion was 52.1％.② The age,labour intensity,serum levels of uric acid (sUA) and Lequesne index of higher grade effusion group were higher (P＜0.05) compared with lower grade effusion group.③ Suprapatellar pouch effusion maximum area was positively correlated with age (r=0.208,P=0.006),BMI (r=0.171,P=0.027) and labour intensity (r=0.189,P=0.013).④ Adjusted for age,gender and BMI,the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that:suprapatellar pouch effusion grades were positively correlated with Lequesne index [OR=1.120,95％CI(1.011,1.241),P=0.029] and negatively correlated with IL-23 [OR=0.768,95％CI (0.598,0.986),P=0.038].Suprapatellar pouch effusion was not independently associated with WOMAC index,IL-6 and IL-17.Conclusion The prevalence of suprapatellar pouch pathological effusion is 52.1％ in knee osteoarthritis.Suprapatellar pouch effusions is positively correlated with knee pain (Lequesne index) and negatively conrelated with IL-23.

AIM　To study the therapeutic action of leflunomide(Lef) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and its mechanisms. METHODS　To observe the change of secondary inflammation,immune function on adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats treated with Lef and to detect the effect of A771726—the active product of Lef on T cell subgroup in mice in vitro.RESULTS　Lef(2,6,18 mg*kg-1×12 d) intragastric injection(ig) could signifcantly inhibit secondary reaction (secondary inflammatory swelling、 multiple arthritis) of AA rats.Lef couldnt effect the lowed response of Con A-induced splenolytes, and the decreased IL-2 synthesis in AA rats. But lef(2,6,18 mg*kg-1) could inhibit the elevated IL-1 released from peritoneal macrophage (PMΦ) in AA rats. A771726—the active product of Lef(0.1，0.5，2.5，12.5，25，100 μmol*L-1) could inhibit Con A-induced Th cells but has no effect in Con A-induced Ts cells in vitro.CONCLUSION　Lef has therapeutic action on AA rats which could be related to its immunosuppressory activities——mainly through inhibit cell-mediated immunity.

AIM To study the therapeutic action of leflunomide(Lef) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and its mechanisms. METHODS To observe the change of secondary inflammation,immune function on adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats treated with Lef and to detect the effect of A 771726 —the active product of Lef on T cell subgroup in mice in vitro .RESULTS Lef(2,6,18 mg?kg -1 ?12 d) intragastric injection(ig) could signifcantly inhibit secondary reaction (secondary inflammatory swelling、 multiple arthritis) of AA rats.Lef couldnt effect the lowed response of Con A induced splenolytes, and the decreased IL 2 synthesis in AA rats. But lef(2,6,18 mg?kg -1 ) could inhibit the elevated IL 1 released from peritoneal macrophage (PM?) in AA rats. A 771726 —the active product of Lef(0 1,0 5,2 5,12 5,25,100 ?mol?L -1 ) could inhibit Con A induced T h cells but has no effect in Con A induced T s cells in vitro .CONCLUSION Lef has therapeutic action on AA rats which could be related to its immunosuppressory activities——mainly through inhibit cell mediated immunity.

Objective To evaluate the infection status and genotype distribution of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in Chongqing women with different healthy status of cervix .Methods A retrospective analysis including 3 118 cases from June 2013 to March 2014 were performed ,945 of which were carried out multiplex real time PCR ,and data of cervix healthy status and HPV positive cases were subjected to chi‐square test .Results The general positive percentage of high risk HPV was 27 .49% ,16 .35%in healthy check‐up group ,and 24 .42% in cervicitis group and 39 .87% in cervical neoplasia lesion ,there was a significant difference of HPV positive ratio between these three groups(P< 0 .05) ;and HPV positive ratio was higher in older women without significant difference .In Chongqing region ,the three most common HPV types were HPV52 (21 .97% ) ,HPV16 (20 .00% ) and HPV58 (14 .75% ) .However ,the three most common HPV types in various groups are different :HPV52 (26 .20% ) ,HPV58 (14 .3% ) and HPV51 (10 .70% ) in health check‐up group ; HPV52 (21 .10% ) ,HPV58 (20 .00% ) and HPV16 (18 .90% ) in cervicitis group while HPV16 (29 .00% ) ,HPV52 (19 .80% ) and HPV58 (11 .50% ) in cervical neoplasia lesion group .The multiple infec‐tion rate of HPV was 5 .86% ,as the cervix status gets worse ,HPV concurrent infection increases ,and concurrent HPV types vary :mostly with HPV 52 in healthy check‐up group while with HPV 16 in cervical neoplasia lesion group .Conclusion The prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in Chongqing women with different healthy status of cervix are significant difference.

Objective To determine the incidence, risks and outcome of aortic regurgitation (AR) following transcatheter closure in adult patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods A total of 101 patients with PDA treated by transcatheter closure were enrolled in this study. Of them, 26 patients (25.74%) had new or increased AR following closure. The relevant factors including clinical manifestations, PDA features, closure procedure and outcome were analyzed and the risk factors were screened with logistic regression analysis. Results The 26 patients with newly diagnosed AR patients or with aggravated AR had significantly higher pulmonary arterial pressure than those without AR ([46.2±20.7] mmHg vs [31.4±17.5] mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), significantly larger left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD, [5.2±0.2] cm vs [4.2±0.4] cm), significantly more severe PDA ([14.0±6.4] cm vs [9.0±3.5] cm) and significantly higher incidence of preoperative mild AR (38.46% [10/26] vs 18.67% [14/75]) (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that LVEDD (OR=33.541, 95% CI: 5.883-191.235, P=0.000) and PDA diameter (OR=7.512, 95% CI: 1.976-28.564, P=0.003) were the independent predictive factors for AR. During follow-up, 22 (84.62%) AR patients regained aortic valvar competence, and one died of AR deterioration and heart failure at the 30th months. Conclusion It is more possible for the patients with larger LVEDD and severer PDA to develop AR. Most AR patients have a better outcome.

Pancreaticcarcinomarepresents a fatal malignancy with a high mortality rate and without specific early symptoms. When pancreatic tumor is clinically suspected, it usually has come to an advanced stage, which making early diagnosis especially important. Over the last several years, many investigations have focused on relevant biomarkers during early stages of pancreatic tumor, including those in tumor tissues, body fluids and stools. This paper reviews the current application of tumor markers in early diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have already become one of the most serious society-facing problems. Since the first report in the 1950s, gastrointestinal surgery has greatly developed as the golden standard in obesity treatment. With the convincing research and evidence, it is found that gastrointestinal surgery not only can cause weight loss, but can relieve, even cure many metabolic diseases associated with obesity, especially for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The operational manners, including adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, etc., are proved to be safe and effective in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all of these operations can be performed with laparoscopy. Currently, gastrointestinal surgeons are focusing on the operation treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and more and more gastrointestinal operations are applied in many medical centers in China. However, there are a lot of details that need to be standardized. It is believed, with the evolution of surgical technique, standardization of diagnosis and treatment, and breakthrough in the basic research, the metabolic surgery will get more development in the future.
Bariatric Surgery ; methods ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Obesity ; surgery ; Obesity, Morbid ; Weight Loss

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Myopathies, Nemaline ; diagnosis ; pathology