This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， medicinal parts， origin， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Houttuyniae Herba（HH） by referring to the medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the research materials related to modern and contemporary times， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb. In ancient literature， HH was often referred to as "Ji" and "Jicai"， the name of "Ji" was first recorded in Mingyi Bielu during the Han and Wei dynasties， and the name of Yuxingcao was first seen in Lyuchanyan Bencao during the southern Song dynasty and has continued to this day. The origin of HH used throughout history is consistent， all of which are the whole herb or aboveground parts of Houttuynia cordata in Saururaceae family. HH recorded throughout history has a wide range of production areas， mostly self-produced self-marketing. In ancient times， fresh HH was often used as medicine by pounding its juice without involving any processing steps. Both fresh and dried products can be used as medicine， the fresh products uses the whole plant， while the dried products uses the aboveground parts， which are cleaned， selected and processed before use. Fresh products are harvested regardless of season， while dried products are harvested in both summer and autumn， with summer as the best. In ancient times， there were no specific requirements for the quality of HH， while in modern times， "intact stems and leaves with a strong fishy smell" are preferred. In addition， the medicinal properties of HH have undergone significant changes from ancient to modern times. In the early period， it was believed that its medicinal property was slightly warm， until the 1977 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia officially changed it to slightly cold. Both ancient and modern literature states that HH can be used for the treatment of carbuncle and malignant sores， Lyuchanyan Bencao for the first time introduced HH fresh juice can relieve summer heat， since Diannan Bencao recorded that it can be used for lung carbuncle， and gradually developed into the first choice for the treatment of lung carbuncle. Based on the research results， it is suggested that fresh herb or dried aboveground parts of H. cordata are used as medicine when developing famous classical formulas.

Objective:To prepare rabbit polyclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) N protein and use them as the detection antibodies to establish a N-ELISA-based method for rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies.Methods:A plasmid of pET30a-N for the expression of RSV N protein was constructed. After purification, the protein was immunized into New Zealand rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibodies, which were used as the detection antibodies. Positive serum samples were diluted and used to neutralize RSV (100 TCID 50/well). Hep-2 cells were inoculated and cultured, and then the cells were fixed with 80% acetone. ELISA was performed to detect RSV N protein in infected cells. When the absorbance value of a well was below the cut-off value, it was regarded as the positive well in the neutralization test. The highest dilution of a positive well serum was the neutralizing antibody titer. After optimizting the antibody dilution, detection time, cell density and the duration of neutralization, the method for neutralizing antibody detection was established based on N-ELISA. The established method was verified by analyzing the influences of different cell generations and edge effects, and calculating the accuracy, repeatability and precision. The correlation between the established method and microneutralization method was analyzed by detecting human RSV IgG-positive serum. Results:The plasmid pET30a-N was successfully constructed, and the expressed N protein showed high purity and good specificity. After the third immunization, the antibody titer in rabbit serum was 1∶51 200, and the antibodies could specifically bind to RSV. The prepared rabbit anti-RSV N polyclonal antibodies had a titer of 1∶51 200, and showed good specificity. The neutralizing antibodies could be detected on day 4 with the established method, and the duration of neutralization was shortened to 30 min. Cell generations and the position of wells in the 96-well plate (edge well and non-edge well) had no significant effect on the method, and the repeatability, precision and accuracy of the method were good. In the detection of 64 RSV IgG-positive human serum samples by the established method and microneutralization method, the correlation coefficient was 0.929 6, indicating a good positive correlation between the two methods.Conclusions:A N-ELISA-based method for rapid neutralizing antibody detection is successfully established, which can be used to evaluate the serum antibody level after RSV vaccination.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ （PPARδ） agonist GW501516 on the injury of pulmonary artery endothelial cells （PAECs） induced by hypoxia and its mechanism. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of GW501516 were observed by detecting the relative survival rate of PAECs； the protein expression of PPARδ was determined by Western blot assay. The cellular model of PAECs injury was established under hypoxic conditions； using antioxidant N-acetylcysteine （NAC） as positive control， the effects of GW501516 on cell injury and reactive oxygen species （ROS） production were investigated by detecting cell apoptotic rate， cell viability， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity and ROS levels. Using nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2） activator dimethyl fumarate （DMF） as positive control， PAECs were incubated with GW501516 and/or Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 under hypoxic conditions； the mechanism of GW501516 on PAECs injury induced by hypoxia was investigated by detecting cell injury （cell apoptosis， cell viability， LDH activity）， the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GPx）， catalase （CAT）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and ROS， the expressions of Nrf2， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） and cleaved-caspase-3 （C-caspase-3） protein. RESULTS The results demonstrated that hypoxia inhibited the protein expression of PPARδ （P＜0.05）， while GW501516 promoted the protein expression of PPARδ in hypoxia- exposed PAECs without obvious cytotoxic effects. GW501516 inhibited the apoptosis of PAECs， improved cell viability， and reduced LDH activity and ROS levels. GW501516 could up-regulate the protein expression of HO-1 in PAECs and the levels of SOD， GPx and CAT， while down-regulated the levels of MDA and ROS by activating the Nrf2 pathway （P＜0.05）； but Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 could reverse the above effects of GW501516 （P＜0.05）. GW501516 exerted similar effects to Nrf2 activator DMF in down-regulating the expression of C-caspase-3 and inhibiting the injury of PAECs under conditions of hypoxia （P＜0.05）. Moreover， Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed the 163.com inhibition effects of GW501516 on PAECs injury （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS GW501516 can relieve the hypoxia-induced injury of PAECs via the inhibition of oxidative stress， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating Nrf2.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the comprehensive quality of Houttuynia cordata from different producing areas. METHODS Using total flavonoids， water-soluble extract， moisture， total ash and acid-insoluble ash as indicators， the entropy weight method was used to objectively weigh each indicator， and the relative correlation degree （r）i calculated by grey correlation method was used as a measure to comprehensively evaluate the quality of H. cordata. RESULTS The weights of total flavonoids， total ash， moisture， acid-insoluble ash， and water-soluble extract were 0.295 5， 0.227 3， 0.188 7， 0.145 1， and 0.143 4， respectively. The weights of total flavonoids and total ash were relatively large. The ri of 30 batches of H. cordata ranged from 0.233 2 to 0.673 9； the average ri of samples from Quanzhou County and Ziyuan County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were the highest， which were 0.638 3 and 0.598 7， respectively， followed by samples from Lingchuan County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region （0.556 1） and Jianshui County of Yunnan Province （0.452 8）. The quality of medicinal materials produced in the above producing areas was generally good and stable. CONCLUSIONS Entropy weight method combined with the grey correlation method can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of H. cordata. The overall quality of H. cordata produced in Quanzhou County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is the best.

Objective:To investigate urinary pH distribution and its influencing factors in gout patients, to provide insights for individualized treatment.Methods:This is a retrospective study. The gout patients in the Gout Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from September 2019 to August 2021 were collected. Clinical data were collected and relevant indicators were measured. The patients were divided into different groups according to urinary pH. Clinical characteristics and factors related to urinary pH were compared among the groups. SPSS 23.0 software was used.Results:A total of 2 553 patients were enrolled. There were significant statistical differences in age, body mass index, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), blood uric acid, urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio, fraction excretion of uric acid(FEUA) among groups with different urinary pH( F were 5.114, 4.772, 7.170, 4.721, 13.603, 2.812, 3.422, 22.834, 18.230, 26.332, all P<0.05). Urinary uric acid and FEUA in acute group were higher than those in remission group( Z were -2.295, -3.528, both P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, eGFR, logistics regression analysis showed that body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol, ALT, blood uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen were still risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that triglyceride, blood uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen were independent risk factors associated with acid urine. Linear correlation analysis showed that urinary pH was negatively correlated with body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood uric acid, fasting glucose, blood urea nitrogen, ALT( r were -0.079, -0.106, -0.051, -0.186, -0.040, -0.122, -0.051, all P<0.05), but positively correlated with eGFR( r=0.058, P=0.003). Conclusion:The overall urine pH levels in patients with primary gout are below normal reference. Several metabolic components are related to it. Triglyceride, blood uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen are independent risk factors of acidic urine. In clinical practice, attention should be paid to timely alkalization of urine to prevent complications.

Objective:To study the influencing factors of thyroid diseases among residents in a coastal area, Dongtai City, and provide scientific basis for further prevention and control of thyroid diseases.Methods:Thyroid disease patients of Dongtai City in the coastal area diagnosed by Dongtai People's Hospital from January to December 2019 were selected as the survey subjects, and diagnosis of various diseases and their gender and age distribution were analyzed. In the case-control study, confirmed new cases were selected as the case group, and healthy individuals matched 1∶1 by village group, gender, and age as the control group. A questionnaire survey and related examinations such as urinary iodine test and thyroid ultrasound examination were conducted. The survey results were summarized and analyzed (Wilcoxon rank sum test, conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis).Results:(1) A total of 3 508 patients with thyroid diseases were diagnosed, accounting for 319.46/100 000 of the total population, including 2 616 female patients, accounting for 74.57%; 2 824 cases aged 30 to 69 years old, accounting for 80.50%; 1 539 cases of hyperthyroidism, accounting for 43.87%; and 961 cases of hypothyroidism, accounting for 27.39%. (2) A total of 984 cases were surveyed in a 1∶1 paired manner. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for thyroid diseases included monthly average income, family history, related surgeries, personality, working pressure, interpersonal relationships, and urinary iodine grading ( P < 0.05). The risk factors for hyperthyroidism included occupation, family history of hyperthyroidism, personality, family financial pressure, and interpersonal relationships ( P < 0.05), while the risk factor for goiter included urinary iodine grading ( P = 0.008). Conclusions:The occurrence of thyroid diseases in a coastal area, Dongtai City, may be related to family history, gender, age, personality, and working pressure. There is a correlation between goiter and low iodine nutrition level, which further confirms the correctness of the strategy of salt iodization in preventing and treating iodine deficiency disorders in coastal areas.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of superficial mycosis among naval trainees, and observe the efficacy of a novel antifungal drug. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the onset, medication and recurrence of superficial fungal infection among the trainees from January, 2020 to July, 2020. At the same time, the new antifungal drug sulconazole nitrate spray was provided for treatment and the drug efficacy was observed. Results The participants generally lacked understanding and attention to superficial fungal infections. The incidence rate of superficial fungal infection was 52%, of which 76.2% of patients had recurrence of superficial fungal infection. The sulconazole nitrate spray showed great effect against these infections. Conclusion The trainees should understand the causes of superficial fungal infection through health education and seek medical treatment and medication in time. The cure rate of superficial fungal infections could only be improved through the collaborative management of the school, hospital, and trainees to reduce the impact of these infections on naval trainees’ work and life.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells and induce apoptosis. The signaling pathways involved mainly include PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, Wnt pathway and mitochondrial pathway. Among them, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is affected by many key apoptotic pathways, which plays a terminal role in promoting apoptosis. At present, there is a great need for the systematic and comprehensive research on various signaling pathways and intermolecular interactions.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes between replacement with a composite press-fit radial head prosthesis versus open reduction and plate-screw internal fixation in the treatment of adult Mason Ⅲ radial head fractures.Methods:The clinical data of 64 adult patients with Mason Ⅲ radial head fracture were retrospectively analyzed who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2012 to December 2019. They were 18 males and 46 females, aged from 32 to 58 years (average, 45.7 years). They were divided into 2 groups: 32 cases received mini-plate-screw internal fixation (internal fixation group) and 32 cases replacement with a composite press-fit radial head prosthesis (replacement group). At the last follow-up, elbow valgus angle, range of elbow motion, Mayo score of elbow function and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score were recorded and compared to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing they were comparable ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 8 to 48 months (average, 18.7 months). The operation time was, respectively, (81.4±8.2) min and (68.9±7.3) min for the internal fixation group and the replacement group, showing a statistically significant difference ( P< 0.05). For the internal fixation group and the replacement group at the last follow-up, the flexion and extension angles were 95° to 125° and 100° to 140°, the rotation angles 135.3°±11.2° and 143.5°±12.8°, and the Mayo scores 79.2±3.8 and 83.4±3.9, all significantly favoring the replacement group ( P<0.05). The VAS pain scores before operation and at the last follow-up were 7.6±0.7 and 0.9±0.7 for the internal fixation group, and 7.9±0.8 and 0.7±0.6 for the replacement group, showing significant differences between preoperation and the last follow-up in both groups ( P<0.05). All the incisions healed by the first intention, with no postoperative infection. Internal fixation loosening with ulnar neuritis was reported in one case in the internal fixation group; peri-prosthesis absorption with no prosthesis loosening was observed in one case in the replacements group. Conclusion:In the treatment of adult Mason Ⅲ radial head fractures, although both replacements with a composite press-fit radial head prosthesis and open reduction and plate-screw internal fixation can lead to satisfactory results, the former may be more effective.

Objective:To explore the impact of pain, functional disability, self-efficacy and social support on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in gout patients.Methods:From November 2019 to January 2020, a total of 218 patients with gout were investigated using the general information questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Gout Impact Scale. The structural equation model was established by AMOS 24.0 for parth analysis, and the mechanism of pain dysfuction, self-efficacy and social support affecting the quality of life in gout patients was tested.Results:The total score of Gout Impact Scale, pain, functional disability, self-efficacy and social support respectively was 59.94±18.39, 6.00±2.76, 0.25 0, 0.88, 23.39±6.40 and 62.92±8.24. Pain directly influenced HRQOL ( β=-0.293, P<0.01), and indirectly influenced HRQOL ( β=-0.039, P<0.05). Functional disability directly influenced HRQOL ( β=-0.244, P<0.01). Self-efficacy directly influenced HRQOL ( β=0.182, P<0.01), and indirectly influenced HRQOL ( β=0.202, P<0.01) through pain and functional disability. Social support indirectly influenced HRQOL ( β=0.278, P<0.01) through pain, functional disability and self-efficacy. Conclusions:HRQOL of patients among gout is affected by several factors, mainly affected by pain, functional disability and self-efficacy; and there are interactions among them. Targeted interventions should be strengthened to relieve pain, prevent or slow down the progress of physical disability, enhance self-efficacy and social support to improve HRQOL.