OBJECTIVE: To validate the efficacy and safety of the enteric-coated capsule of Four Viable Organisms(bafidobacterium,lactobacillus,enterococcus and bacilluscereus) in the treatment of chronic diarrhea.METHODS: In this multi-center,randomized,blind control study,124 patients(trial group) with chronic diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive the enteric-coated capsule containing bacillus bifidus,lactobacillus,enterococcus and bacilluscereus,while the control group(n=80) to receive the capsule of bacillus bifidus,bacillus acidophilus and enterococcus faecalis for 14 days.The days spent for the relief of diarrhea relief and the concomitant symptoms of diarrhea such as pain,bloating,and tenesmus were observed.RESULTS: At 3 days,the remission rate in trial group(41.13%) was higher than in control group(11.25%)(P

Children′s infected pleural effusion refers to any of the pleural effusions caused by infection, the common pathogens include bacterium,mycoplasma and bacillus tuberculosis. The treatments of pleural effu-sion are general treatment,anti-infection drugs ( including antibiotics or antituberculosis drugs) ,thoracic puncture drainage,or combination of plasminogen-activator, electronic thoracoscopy ( video-assisted thoracic surgery, VATS) and thoracic surgery (pleural decortication,modified thoracoplasty surgery,pleural pneumonectomy). This article reviews recent progress in each method of treatments about the indications,effects and prognosis of the disease.

One hundred Chinese adult humeral heads (50 of either side) were studied with laser. The radius, height, angle as well as the surface area of each were anteriorly, laterally and obliquely measured in two-dimensions.The main results are as follows:1) The mean angle of the articular area was 144.48?11.9?.2) The average radius and height of the humeral head were 2.15?0.16 cm and 1.56?0.24 cm respectively. The articular surface height occupied 36.05 per cent of the diameter of the approximate spherical body.3) The mean articular surface area of the humeral head was 21.02?4.03cm~2. According to the radius of the humeral head and the articular surface angle, the curvature of the articular surface can be estimated and drawn out. That will offer the theoretical data of Chinese adult humeral head for the design and manufacture of artificial joint and artificial humeral head.

Objective To investigate the molecular types and related clinical features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Jingzhou area, Hubei Province.Methods A total of 80 MRSA strains confirmed by mecA gene were isolated from inpatients in Jingzhou Central Hospital of Hubei province during January and December 2014. Vitek 2 Compact was used for antibiotic susceptibility test . Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) types and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) genotypes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and gene sequencing . Panton-valentine leucocidin ( pvl) gene of the strains was detected by PCR .Chi-square test and Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis .Results There were 16 spa types in 80 MRSA isolates , in which t030 and t437 were the most prevalent ones accounting for 50.0% ( 40 strains ) and 28.8% ( 23 strains ) of the total strains, respectively.There were 77 strains of SCCmec type Ⅰ-Ⅴ, in which SCCmecⅢ and SCCmecⅣ were the most prevalent ones accounting for 45.0% (36 strains) and 35.0% (28 strains), respectively.t030 was the main spa type in isolates of SCCmecⅢ(33/36, 91.7%), while t437 was the main spa type in isolates of SCCmecⅣ(20/28, 71.4%).Patients infected with t030/SCCmecⅢMRSAs were with higher ages than those infected with t437/SCCmecⅣMRSAs (T=446.500 and 607.500, P<0.01).Patients infected with t030/SCCmecⅢ MRSAs were mainly from surgical wards and intensive care unit ( ICU ) , while those infected with t437/SCCmecⅣ MRSAs were mainly from pediatrics wards , and there were significant differences in ward distribution between two groups (χ2 =33.724 and 29.768, P <0.01).Seventy percent and above strains of t030/SCCmec type Ⅲ were resistant to rifampin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin .Strains of t437/SCCmec type Ⅳwere resistant to erythromycin , clindamycin and tetracycline , but were sensitive to most non-β-lactam antimicrobial drugs (with resistance rates <20%).Virulence gene pvl was found in 11 strains (13.8%), in which 7 were strains of t437-SCCmec typeⅣ.Conclusions MRSAs in Jinzhou are of various genotypes , in which t030-SCCmecⅢand t437-SCCmecⅣare the most prevalent ones .Strains of t030-SCCmec typeⅢare usually multiple-drug resistant , mainly seen in elderly patients in surgical wards and ICU .Strains of t437-SCCmecⅣare sensitive to most non-β-lactam antimicrobial drugs , and its infection is mainly seen in children and young people .

Objective To investigate the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of communityassociated and hospital-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA) in Jingzhou.Methods A total of 159 MRSA isolates were successively collected from patients in Jingzhou Central Hospital during January 2012 and December 2013.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 antimicrobial agents against 159 MRSA isolates were detected.SCCmec types of the strains were detected by multiplex PCR,and the homology of the strains was analyzed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and cluster analysis of antibiogram.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 19.0 were used for data analysis.Results Among 159 MRSA strains,131 were hospital-associated,and 28 were community-associated,which accounted for 82.4％ and 17.6％,respectively.There were significant differences in the age of patients,ward distribution,specimen type,length of stay,length of anti-infection treatment,type of infection and underlying diseases between patients with CA-MRSA or HA-MRSA infections (x2 =19.103,31.372,59.756,71.703,54.153,59.756 and 54.232,all P ＜ 0.01).No vancomycin,linezolid,tigecyeline and nitrofurantoin resistant strains were found,but all strains were resistant to penicillin,cefoxitin and oxacillin.HA-MRSA had higher resistance rates to moxifloxacin,levofloxacin,rifampicin,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin than CA-MRSA (x2 =30.179,27.352,28.523,28.523 and 25.987,all P ＜ 0.01),but its resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were lower (x2 =13.106 and 11.743,both P ＜ 0.01).Among 159 MRSA strains,12 (7.5％) were of SCCmec type Ⅱ,113 (71.1％) were of SCCmec type Ⅲ,26 (16.4％) were of SCCmec type Ⅳ,and 8 were of undifferentiated type.The predominant SCCmec types were type Ⅳ for CA-MRSA (26/28,92.9％) and type Ⅲ for HA-MRSA (113/131,86.3％),respectively.Six PFGE patters were found in 49 HA-MRSA isolates from ICU,and the predominant patters were A1 (24,49.0％),A2 (9,18.4％) and B (9,18.4％).Cluster analysis of antibiogram showed that three groups of HA-MRSA were of high correlations,and they were of PFGE patter A1,A2 and B,respectively.Conclusions HA-MRSA is the predominant MRSA in Jingzhou area,and it is different from CA-MRSA in the age of patients,ward distribution,type of infection and antibiotic resistance.Most HA-MRSA strains are of type SCCmec Ⅲ,and may cause epidemic outbreak in ICU.

Microparticles in the peripheral blood are generated from the activated blood cells and vascular endothelial cells. Microparticles reflect the functional situations of their original cells directly and specifically,provide the basis for revelation of mechanisms and development trends of hematological or vascular diseases and also serve as the indications for differentiation diagnosis and evaluation of clinical treatment. Therefore it is very important to detect microparticles. This article will explain the present detection methods and the correlation of microparticles with diseases to provide basis and strategy for further study.

Objective To determine the relationship between blood biochemical indexes and severity of NAFLD by establishing various models of NAFLD with different degrees in rabbits. Methods Thirty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into normal control (n=8) and three experimental groups(n=24). Fatty liver animal models were established by giving high fat,high sugar diet. The serum TG,TC,AST,ALT and pathological evaluation were detected respectively after 4,6 and 8 weeks. Results The rabbits developed hyperlipidemia and slight fatty liver after four weeks. Along with the worsening of fat liver,the serum TG level kept rising.Conclusion The blood biochemical indexes can serve as a reliable technique for diagnosing fatty liver disease in clinical.

OBJECTIVE： To determine the concentration of fentanyl in human plasma by HPLC with ultraviolet detection METHODS： External standard method was used The eluation of fentanyl was carried out by shim－ Pack CLC－ ODS（ 6 0mm× 150mm， 5μ m） column with 0 015mol/L NaH2PO4 acetonitril－ H2O（ 30∶ 70， v/v） as the mobile phase， and detection wavelength was 195nm RESULTS： Calibration curve for fentanyl was linear in the range of 2 0～ 100ng/ml（ r=0 999）  The detection limit was 1 0ng/ml The within－ day RSD was （ 6 50± 2 79） ％ ， the between－ day RSD Was （ 6 70± 3 04） ％  The method recovery was （ 91 70± 4 70） ％  The extraction recovery was （ 97 38± 3 69） ％  CONCLUSION： This method was quick and accurate for the determination of fentanyl in human plasma and useful for pharmakinetic study of fentanyl

Objective: To study the biological characteristics of tumor cells infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing hTNF-?, investigate the antitumor effect of recombinant adenovirus. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973 was infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing hTNF-?. Cell growth assay, colone formation test, flowcytometry assay and morphology were used to observe the effects on tumor cells. The hTNF-a gene, which was transduced into cancer cells mediated by recombinant adenovirus, was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis and its products were detected by ELISA assay. The intratumoral injection of rAd-LacZ and rAd-hTNF-? was carried out to evaluate their antitumor effects. Results: The liter of rAd reached 1010 PFU/ml and more than 90% Anip973 cells could be infected by 30MOI rAd. Except the surface structure and ultrastructure of tumor cells infected with rAd had a light change, cell growth abillity assay, colone formation test, flow cytometry assay showed no significant difference compared with that of the control cells. The TNF-? gene expression at 24 h increased greatly. Antitumor study indicated that on the tumor-bearing mice treated with rAd the tumor grew slowly. Tumor volume was significantly smaller and survive time was prolonged than that of controls. Conclusion: There was no significantly changes occurred on tumoral cells after infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing hTNF-?. The intratumoral injection of rAd-LacZ and rAd-hTNF-? could inhibit the growth of solid tumor.

Objective To investigate the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide c-myc (c-myc ASODN) on the growth of rabbit lens epithelial cells (LECs) induced by galactose. Methods Based on the translation initiation region of the second extron of c-myc gene, oligonucleotides were synthesized and modified with phosphorothioate. Lens epithelial cells were treated with galactose and c-myc ASODN. The effects of c-myc ASODN on the growth of LECs, cultured in high concentration of galactose, were observed by cytometry and MTT. Results The results demonstrated that c-myc ASODN at the doses of 2.5-10.0 ?mol/L inhibited the growth of LECs induced by galactose in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These results indicate that c-myc ASODN can inhibit the growth of LEC induced by galactose.