Objective:To measure the color values of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma and the contents of gentiopicroside,the appearance index value of the representative color was correlated with the intrinsic index value representing the quality,in order to explore the correlation between the contents of active ingredients and the color values,and provide basis for the quality evaluation of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma. Method:The color difference values of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma powder was measured by colorimeter.The content determination method of gentiopicroside in the 2015 edition of China Pharmacopoeia was adopted. The content of gentiopicroside was determined by HPLC,and the correlation and regression analysis was carried out by SPSS 21.0 software. Result:There was a significantly positive correlation between the contents of gentiopicroside and L^* (representing colorshade)and E^* ab(representing total color difference)(P<0.01),while the contents of gentiopicroside and a^* (representing color red-green direction) and b^* (representing color yellow-blue direction) had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.01). Conclusion:The color value of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma has a certain correlation with the content of gentiopicroside,and yellowish Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma contain more active ingredients, with a better quality.The contents of gentiopicroside active ingredients in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma can be quickly predicted by determining the color difference values,which can provide a new idea for quality evaluation of this herb.

OBJECTIVE：To simultaneo usly determine the contents of atractylenolide Ⅱ ，β-eudesmol，atractyloxin and atractylone in Atractylodes chinensis ，and to evaluate the quality of A. chinensis with different growth years combined with color difference principle. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ phosphoric acid （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min；the detection wavelengths were set as 208 nm（atractylenolide Ⅱ，β-eudesmol），340 nm（atractyloxin）and 220 nm（atractylone）；the sample size was 15 μ L. Using atractyloxin as reference，QAMS was adopted to establish relative correction factors （RCFs） of atractylenolideⅡ，β-eudesmol and atractylone ；the content of each component in A. chinensis with different growth years were calculated. The contents of above 4 components were determined by external standard method and then compared with the results of QAMS. The color difference values of A. chinensis powder were measured based on color difference principle. The correlation analysis of above 4 components content with color was carried out by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS ：The separation degree of atractylenolide Ⅱ，β-eudesmol，atractyloxin and atractylone in A. chinensis was higher than 1.5. The linear range were 1.01-10.10，3.30-33.00，4.40-44.00，5.34-53.40 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 2％，while the average recovery rates were 101.34％-104.67％（RSD＜1.5％，n＝6）. Using atractyloxin as reference ， RCFs of atractylenolide Ⅱ，β-eudesmol and atractylone were 3.896 7，5.928 2，9.727 9，with RSD of 0.35％，2.89％，0.36％ （n＝6），respectively. Relative deviation of 3 components （except for atractyloxin ） in 24 batches of A. chinensis ranged 0.03％-1.45％ between QAMS and external standard method ，which indicated that the results of two methods were consistent ，and the content of each component increased with the increase of growth years. Atractylenolide Ⅱ，β-eudesmol，atractyloxin and atractylone in A. chinensis had significant negative correlation with its color shade （L*），total color difference （E*ab）（P＜0.01）， and significant positive correlation with color red-green direction （a*）， color yellow-blue direction （b*）（P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：The established HPLC-QAMS method can be used for the determination of atractylenolide Ⅱ，β-eudesmol， atractyloxin and atractylone in A. chinensis . The longer the growth period is ，the higher each component content is. The color of A. chinensis is closely related to the content of each component ，and the content of effective components is higher in A. chinensis with dark yellowish brown color.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Wutou Chishizhi Wan in regulating autophagy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） signaling pathway in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI）. MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly assigned into the normal group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， positive control （trimetazidine， 5.4 mg·kg^-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.63， 4.9， 14.7 g·kg^-1， respectively） Wutou Chishizhi Wan groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in other groups except the normal group underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for modeling. Electrocardiogram was employed to detect the ST-segment elevation to evaluate the modeling. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to reveal the damage of myocardial tissue. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and creatine kinase （CK） were determined by colorimetry， and those of cardiac troponin T （cTnT） and myoglobin （MYO） by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was carried out to determine the protein levels of microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy-related gene Beclin-1， PI3K， Akt， GSK-3β， p-GSK-3β， and p-Akt. ResultCompared with the normal group， the modeling elevated the serum levels of AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO （P<0.01）， destroyed the arrangement of myocardial cells abd nucle， twisted and broken myocardial fibers， up-regulated the protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， trimetazidine and Wutou Chishizhi Wan （all the doses） lowered the levels of AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO in serum （P<0.01）， restored the arrangement of myocardial cells and muscle fibers， reduced necrosis， down-regulated the protein level of Beclin-1 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the protein levels of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Additionally， Wutou Chishizhi Wan （all the doses） down-regulated the protein level of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the trimetazidine group， the serum AST level rose in the low-dose Wutou Chishizhi Wan group （P<0.05） and declined in the high-dose group （P<0.01）， and the protein level of Beclin-1 was down-regulated in the medium-dose group （P<0.01）. Additionally， the trimetazidine group had higher protein level of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ than medium- and high-dose Wutou Chishizhi Wan groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， higher protein level of PI3K than low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （P<0.01）， lower protein level of p-Akt than low- and medium-dose groups （P<0.01）， and higher p-GSK-3β protein level than the medium-dose group （P<0.01）. ConclusionDifferent doses of Wutou Chishizhi Wan can ameliorate MIRI， and the high dose has the best effect. Wutou Chishizhi Wan can reduce the activity of myocardial injury markers AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO， and alleviate the pathological damage of myocardial tissue. It can down-regulate the protein levels of beclin-1， LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ， and up-regulate those of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β. In summary， Wutou Chishizhi Wan may inhibit excessive autophagy and regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to exert protective effect on MIRI rats.

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects and mechanism of gentian iridoids （GI）on lipid accumulation and inflammation in non -alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）model. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG 2 cells induced by free fatty acids（0.5 mmol/L）were selected as NAFLD cell models . The effects of GI at different concentrations （0.125，0.25，0.5，1，2，4 mg/mL）on HepG 2 cell viability were investigated . HepG2 cells were divided into control group ，model group and low ，medium and high concentration groups of GI （0.25，0.5 and 1 mg/mL）. Except for control group ，0.5 mmol/L free fatty acid was added in other groups for modeling .After 24 h of culture ，the formation of lipid droplets was observed in HepG 2 cells；the content of triglyceride（TG）was detected . The levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST），alanine aminotransferase （ALT）and inflammation indexes [interleukin-1 β（IL-1 β），IL-6，tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α）] in cell supernatant were determined . The mRNA expressions of sterol -regulatory element binding protein （SREBP-1c）and fatty acid synthase （FAS）as well as the expression of nuclear factor -κB（NF-κB）related proteins [NF-κB inhibitor protein α（IκBα），NF-κB，phosphorylated NF -κB（p-NF-κB）] were also detected . RESULTS After treated with different concentrations of GI ，the cell viability of HepG 2 cells was improved significantly（P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the number of red lipid droplets in the cells of each concentration group of GI was significantly reduced ，the nuclear atrophy was not obvious ，and the size was normal ；the content of TG （except for low concentration group ），and the levels of ALT ，AST，IL-1β，IL-6（except for low concentration group ）and TNF - α in cell supernatant were all decreased significantly ；mRNA expression of SREBP -1c and FAS and the phosphorylation level of NF -κB were also decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the protein expression of I κBα was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS GI can reduce the lipid accumulation and inflammatory response of NAFLD cell model induced by free fatty acids，and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of SREBP-1c/FAS and NF -κB signaling pathway .

Shengmai San was first recorded in Medical Origin and Insights, a medical book written by ZHANG Yuan\|su. Shengmai San composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ophiopogonis Radix and Schiandrae Chinensisin Fructus. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma as the monarch drug in the prescription has effects in invigorating vigour potently, and promoting production of body fluid to quench thirst. Ophiopogonis Radix as a sweet-cold minister drug has effects in nourishing yin, clearing heat and generating fluid and moistening lung to stop cough in the prescription. Both medicines are combined to have a good effect in replenishing Qi. Schiandrae Chinensisin Fructus is an adjuvant medicine, with effects in acid astringency, retaining Yin with astringent and hidroschesis. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma has effects in strengthening the healthy energy, and Ophiopogonis Radix has a effect in retaining yin with astringent. It is a classic prescription for treating deficiency of Qi and Yin. With the in-depth research of modern medical experts, it is found that Shengmai San not only has a significant therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases and endocrine system diseases, but also a good effect on digestive system diseases, immune system and hematopoietic system diseases and shock. As China's aging population, irregular diet and other problems become increasingly serious, the incidences of cardiovascular diseases, senile dementia, cerebral infarction, diabetes, liver dysfunction and other diseases have become higher and younger, which is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, by consulting a large number of domestic literatures, the authors respectively elaborated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shengmai San and its modified prescriptions on the above diseases, with the aim to reveal the target and mechanism of this prescription on the above diseases, provide theoretical basis for better treatment of the above diseases and promote the clinical application of this prescription. In addition, it provides reference ideas for the research of other classical famous formula.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of exogenous Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride on the diversity of soil fungal community and carbon metabolic function of cultivated Panax ginseng. MethodIllumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing combined with Biolog-ECO was used to analyze the species diversity and functional diversity of soil fungal communities in P. ginseng soil under different exogenous treatments. ResultThe results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the number and species of microorganisms in the soil were significantly changed after exogenous microorganisms were added. The soil fungi with relative abundance greater than 1% included Mortierella sp.，Fusarium sp.，Humicola sp.，and Simplicillium sp. Mortierella sp. in each treatment group significantly increased. Humicola sp. and Simplicillium sp. could be induced to increase by exogenous addition of F. oxysporum，while T. viride at a high concentration could significantly inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. As revealed by Biolog and principal component analysis （PCA），the average well color development （AWCD） in the high-dose T. viride group （MG） was significantly higher than that in the control group （QS）and the low-dose F. oxysporum group（LD）. The utilization abilities for amino acids，carboxylic acids，polymers， and amines were enhanced in the MG group，but the microbial metabolic activity was reduced in the high-dose F. oxysporum group （LG）. There was no significant increase in the utilization of phenolic acids by soil microorganisms in both groups. ConclusionExogenous addition of F. oxysporum can lead to the growth and reproduction of other pathogenic fungi. Exogenous addition of T. viride can enhance the soil fungal community structure and metabolic diversity，inhibit the proliferation of F. oxysporum，and improve the soil microbial environment of cultivated P. ginseng.

The questionnaire of was issued to 24 colleges and universities of TCM in China. The questionnaire systematically investigated the recent disciplinary development of acupuncture-moxibustion and from the aspects of specialty construction, student enrollment, faculty construction, personnel training quality, teaching quality and scientific research results. As a result, from 2013 to October of 2017, the above aspects in 24 colleges and universities of TCM in China showed an increasing trend year by year. Based on this survey, this report aimed to fully reflect the disciplinary development of acupuncture-moxibustion and in China, which could analyze the current situation for education departments and training units, and provide data reference and support for acupuncture and discipline to become a first-class discipline.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo discuss the problem about the origin of Oviduetus Ranae in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia according to historical documents, the researches reported recently and the author research.

METHODThrough comprehensive analysis of the documents and materials reported, the original animal sources of Oviduetus Ranae was discussed in terms of historical records, morphology, karyotype, Ag-Belt and isoenzyme electrophoresis, gene levels and so on.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe original animal sources of Oviduetus Ranae is Rana dybowskii,its order element is an effective species in China. In order to avoid the problem of species confusion about the origin of Oviduetus Ranae, author suggests that R. dybowskii should be the original animal of Oviduetus Ranae.

Objective To investigate the related factors that affect the short outcome of abdominal surgery among elderly patients with acute abdomen.Methods Clinical data of 378 patients aged >60 years with acute abdo-men were retrospectively analyzed.The key factors under analysis in this study were the occurrence of major complica-tions,death from any cause within 30 days and related factors after the operation.Results The most common diagno-ses were acute appendicitis (134 cases,35.4%),biliary tract disease (96 cases,25.4%),intestinal obstruction (68 cases,20.0%)and inguinal hernia(42 cases,11.1%).The majority of patients(327cases,86.5%)underwent open surgery.12cases(23.5%)of all 51 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery were converted to open surgery.The 30 day mortality rate and rate of operation -related complications were 9.5% and 22.0%,respectively.Analysis showed that patients'age,low body mass index,open surgery and ASA grade Ⅲ or above may increase mortality(all P <0.05).Conclusion The acute abdomen in elderly patients was with much complications,operation treatment is still the first choice.The patient's older age,low body mass index,open surgery may increase the mortality rate.ASA grade higher may predict a bad prognosis.The operation of elderly patiens had a high morbidity and mortality,as general surgeon,we should pay more attention to acute abdomen in elderly patients.

Objective: To study the relativity between color and chemical composition in fruits of Schisandra chinensis by fruits' surface color value (L*, a*, and b*) and contents of active ingredients of fructus core S. chinensis). Methods: The surface chromatic value (multivariate linear regression equation of L*, a*, b* values and deoxyschizandrin, schizandrin B, schizandrol A, schinsantherin A) was established by SPSS 20.0 with mathematical statistics method, then the influence degree of the active ingredients of. S. chinensis was detected by F test. Results: The value of L* were significant negative with deoxyschizandrin (r ≥ 0.5), and other chromaticity values were very low or low-grade correlated with lignans Conclusion: The effective ingredient content of fruit of S. chinensis can be estimated by its chromatic values, and also can be used in the hierarchies of the fruit of S. chinensis, in order to provide better scientific basis of the quality of S. chinensis.