Retinopathy of prematurity( ROP),a leading cause of childhood visual impairment,is a vascular proliferative retinopathy in premature infants. Although the hallmark of ROP is abnormal retinal vasculature, a growing body of research in animals and observations in patients support a critical role for the neural retina in the ROP disease process. ROP can affect the foundation of the retina and optical nerve during the development duration in childhood, presenting with abnormalities in electroretinogram and multifocal electroretinogram. In addition,it was found that ROP has different degrees of influence on the development of the dioptric system ,which will result in refractive error as the child progress to adulthood. The relationship of the electrophysiology features or refractive abnormality and ROP was summarized in this article.

Objective To detect the quantity of Th17 cells and expressions of related cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, in peripheral blood and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and to analyze their correlation with disease severity and clinical course. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 44 patients with progressive psoriasis vulgaris and 28 normal human controls. Three-color flow cytometry was carried out to detect the quantity of Th17 cells, and ELISA to examine the levels of serum IL-17 and -22.Skin samples were obtained from 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 8 normal human controls, and a quantum dot-based double labled immumofluorescence method was used to determine the quantity of Th17 cells.Results The percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells was higher in patients with psoriasis vulgaris than in normal human controls (4.71% ± 2.55% vs. 0.55% ± 0.39%, P ＜ 0.01 ). Elevated expressions of IL-17 and IL-22 were noted in the patients compared with the normal human controls (24.02 ± 12.31 ng/L vs. 7.16 ±4.04 ng/L, P ＜ 0.05; 18.32 ± 8.14 ng/L vs. 6.52 ± 4.15 ng/L, P ＜ 0.01 ). The percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were positively correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (r= 0.53, 0.47, 0.53, respectively, all P ＜ 0.01 ), but unrelated to the clinical course of psoriasis (r = 0.09,0.03, 0.19, respectively, all P ＞ 0.05). There was an infiltrate of Th17 cells in psoriatic lesions, which was mainly distributed around the blood vessels in superficial dermis, whereas there were only a small number of CD4+ T cells in the normal control skin with the absence of Th17 cells. Conclusions Th17 cells are involved in the development of psoriasis, and Th17 cell-secreted cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-22, may serve as a new therapeutic target for psoriasis.

The progress of modality therapy has improved both survival rate and quality of life of retinoblastoma(RB) patients.However,some problems are still left and unsolved.Parts of the RB relapse after they are treated for the first time.Even more remarkable,the related individuals to the RB patients run a risk of RB.Gene diagnosis and treatment are emerging and appear to solve these problems.Some researches in developed countries and Hong Kong have successfully made progress in gene diagnosis of RB.However,the detection rate of Rb1 gene mutation is very low.Researches documented for many years that gene diagnosis for RB is extremely complex,so we should go further to achieve a goal of gene diagnosis.Gene diagnosis of RB is still an initiation in China.We should strengthen relevant study and spread this technique.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of anatomic M-mode echocardiography (AMM)for pristine diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart diseases (CAD).Methods 44 inner patients who were suspected as CAD were detected.Ordinary ultrasound was performed first.The ventricular segmental wall thickness and amplitude were measured by AMM.Then,we got the ventricular wall thickening fractions.All subjects should take the coronary angiography after the ultrasound examination in 1 -3 days.Patients with the vascular stenosis rate≥50% were defined as the CAD group,patients with the completely normal angiographic results were included in the normal control group according to the results of angiography.The parametric differences between the patients and the normal control subjects were compared.Results In the normal control subjects,the ventricular segmental wall amplitude >5mm accounted for 78.67%,the ventricular wall thickening fractions >30% accounted for 99.13%.But in CAD group,the ventricular segmental wall amplitude <4mm accounted for 61.14%,<5mm accounted for 93.47%,the abnormal ventricular wall thickening fractions <30% accounted for 88.43%.The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy of AMM were 77.47%,90.00%,77.39% respectively.Conclusion The ventricular wall thickening fractions of AMMhas quite significant correlation with morbid blood vessel in patients with CAD,they are effective reference indicators to evaluate the left ventricular wall motion quantitatively.

Objective To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13333226 in uromodulin (UMOD) gene with diabetic kidney diseases (DKD) in Han population in Tianjin,China.Methods A total of 210 type 2 diabetes (T2DM),90 normal controls (NC) and 280 DKD patients were recruited.According to the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),the DKD subjects were further subdivided into three groups:GFR≥90 ml/min group (n=105),60 ml/mim≤GFR ＜ 90 ml/min group (n=84) and GFR ＜ 60 ml/min group (n=91).Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for UMOD rs13333226C genotyping.Results The frequencies of AA,GA,GG genotype were 27.8％,58.9％,13.3％ in NC group and 41.0％,48.6％,10.5％ in T2DM group and 54.3％,36.1％,9.6％ in DKD group.The frequency of G allele was 42.8％ in NC group,34.8％ in T2DM group and 27.7％ in DKD group.The genotype distribution of UMOD was statistically significant between NC group and DKD group,and between T2DM group and DKD group (P ＜ 0.05).G allele of UMOD was an independent protective gene polymorphism of DKD in Logistic regression (B=-0.248,Wald=8.012,P=0.021,OR=0.780,95％ CI 0.612-0.968).Conclusion The G allele of UMOD gene may be an independent protective factor of DKD in Han population in Tianjin,China.

Objective To study the role of photoallergens and contact allergens in the pathogenesis of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD).Methods Ba sed on the standard procedures of photopatch test recommended by the British Pho todermatology Group (BPG) and the routine procedures of patch test,photopatch a nd patch tests were performed on 56 patients with CAD,42 patients with polymorp hous light eruption (PLE) and 25 patients with chronic eczema on scalp and face by standard photopatch test series recommended by the International Contact Derm atitis Research Group (ICDRG) and home-made standard series of contact allerge ns.A set of ten Philips TL20W/09N tubes was used as the source of irradiation.Results In the 56 CAD patients,the positive rates were 46.43 %,57.14 % and 32.14% for photopatch test,patch test and both tests,respectively,which appea red to be significantly higher than those in the patients with PLE.Positive pa tch reactions were found in 65% of the patients with chronic eczema,which was s imilar to that of CAD.And the frequency of the positive allergens in chronic ec zema was the same as that in CAD,in which fragrance mixture (FM) ranked the fir st,followed by balsam of Peru (BOP),cobalt chloride,nickel sulphate.In CAD,FM and BOP were the most common allergens and photoallergens,which accounted fo r 44% and 32% of the positive reactions in patch tests,15.38% and 17.95% in pho topatch tests,respectively.Conclusions Both photoallergens and contact aller gens may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CAD.Allergens positive in patch tests and photopatch tests and related compounds which can cause cross-r eactivity with the above allergens should be avoided by the patients with CAD.

Objective To study the relationship of sunlight exposure and photoprotection with clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods A structured questionaire was administered to 107 SLE patients, to assess their attitudes and behavior regarding sunlight exposure and photoprotection. The clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and treatment were evaluated. Results All patients were classified into two groups based on the duration of exposure to sunlight per day. Fourty-eight (44.86%) patients were exposed to direct sunlight for an average of less than one hour per day in one group and 59 (55.14%) for one hour or more in the other group. Twenty-four (22.43%) patients reported use of photoprotective measures in spring and summer. The patients in the former group had significantly lower incidences of photosensitivity, arthritis, alopecia, exacerbations, presence of anti-dsDNA antibody, decrease of complement C3, C4 and CH50 than those in the latter group(P

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology exhibits a broad future in the orthopedics,especially exhibiting good guidance and auxiliary in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.However,the related researches are few,and there is a lack of evidence-based medicine to confirm its application values.OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of 3D printing-assisted surgery and traditional surgery in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures through a meta-analysis.ME=THODS:MEDLINE,Cochrane library,Embase,CBM,CNKI and WanFang databases were searched by computer and the relevant literatures were retrieved manually,to collect the controlled trials concerning the efficacy of 3D printing-assisted surgery versus traditional surgery for tibial plateau fractures.Methodology quality of the trials was assessed critically and relative data were extracted,followed by analysis on Stata 11.0 (Stata Corporation,College Station,TX) software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Seven controlled trials involving 362 patients were included.(2) Meta-analysis results showed that the 3D printing-assisted surgery had shorter operation time (SMD=-2.411,95％C/=-2.718-2.104,P=-0.00) and less intraoperative blood loss (SMD=-1.579,95％C/=-1.842--1.316,P=-0.00) than those in the traditional surgery.The excellent and good rate in Rasmussen and Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores showed no significant differences between two growps (P ＞ 0.05).(3) To conclude,compared with the traditional surgery,the 3D printing-assisted surgery can significantly shorten the operation time and reduce the intraoperative blood loss in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.

Objective To investigate the effect of homeopathic reduction technique in treatment of irreducible variant femoral neck fractures.Methods A retrospective case control study was performed for 91 cases of irreducible variant femoral neck fractures surgically treated from January 2011 to January 2014.Forty-seven cases [31 males,16 females;23-61 years,mean 40.6 years] were assigned to homeopathic reduction treatment (study group) and 44 [30 males,14 females;28-63 years,mean 43.1 years] were assigned to closed reduction and open reduction (control group).All fractures were Garden type Ⅳ.All cases were stabilized with three cannulated screws (6.5 mm in diameter).Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,Garden index for reduction quality,bone healing,complications like femoral head necrosis and Harris hip score were evaluated.Results Operation time and blood loss in study group [(41.2 ± 7.5) min,(37.3 ± 9.5) ml] were significantly lower than those in control group [(105.0 ± 15.7) min,(269.6 ± 50.6) ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Garden index was Grade Ⅰ 44 cases and Grade Ⅱ three in study group compared to Grade Ⅰ 20 and Grade Ⅱ three in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Incidence of femoral head necrosis had no significant differences between study group (four cases) and control group (10 cases) (P ＞ 0.05).Nonunion was not observed in study group,while there were eight cases of nonunion in control group (P ＜ 0.05).According to the Harris score,the excellent rate in study group was 91％ (39 excellent,four good,four fair) versus 66％ (21 excellent,eight good,15 fair) in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared to closed reduction and open reduction,homeopathic reduction technique in treatment of femoral neck fractures is associated with shortened operation time,reduced blood loss,improved reduction quality and lowered incidence of necrosis and nonunion.

Objective To figure out the preliminary clinical value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) in evaluating the systolic dyssynchrony in patients with coronary artery heart disease(CAD).Methods Eighty patients who were suspected as CAD were included in this study.RT-3DE was performed first.After the analysis,we got the data:ejection fraction (EF),16 segments systolic dyssynchronic index (SDI 16).All subjects should take the coronary angiography.According to coronary angiography results,the patients with the vascular stenosis rate ≥50% were defined as the CAD group,and the patients with the vascular stenosis rate <50% were defined as the coronary atherosclerosis group,the patients with the completely normal angiographic results were included in the control group according to the results of angiography.The parametric differences among the groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference in LVEF among the three groups.SDI 16 had no significant difference between the control group and the coronary atherosclerosis group (t=-1.03,P>0.05).However,SDI 16 had significant difference between the control group[(3.72±2.68)%]and the CAD group[(7.14±3.10)%],the same between coronary atherosclerosis group[(5.12±3.46)%]and the CAD group[(7.14±3.10)%](t=-3.71,-2.34,all P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that a cut-off value for SDI of 5.49%,yielded a sensitivity of 81.8%,with a specificity of 73.1% to predict coronary atherosclerosis to CAD(AUC=0.743).Conclusion SDI 16 >5.49% has a higher value in evaluating systolic dyssynchrony in patients with CAD with RT-3D of Siemens Acuson SC2000 ultrasonic diagnostic instrument.