Objective To survey the incidence, distribution, rehabilitation and participation in society of the intellectual disability in Hainan. Methods To analyze the data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability. Results Among 41214 people, 14075 live in city, 27139 in countryside. The incidence of intellectual disability was 4.3‰. There were significant difference among counties, villages and cities. The distribution of age were 17‰ in 0～6 years old, 6.3‰ in 7～13 years old, 2.3‰ in >14 years old. The ratio of mild to serious disability was 2.3∶1 in 0～6 y, and 1∶1.5 in >7 y. 6.6% sufferers had accepted medical treatment, 1.2% ones had accepted rehabilitation, 1.8% ones had accepted other social support, 82.4% ones had never be assisted. Conclusion The intellectual disability of 0～6 years children in Hainan is seriously. The rehabilitation and social support system should be improved.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Background Researches demonstrated that CpG ODN,a immunostimulatory sequences,has preventing and treating effect on allergic conjunctivitis caused by protein allergen.However,its effect on allergic conjunctivitis caused by fungal allergen is unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate into whether the Th1-Th2 switching immunostimulatory CpG ODN could reverse the response in the murine allergic conjunctivitis model caused by aspergillus fumigatus. Methods A mixture of spores and hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus strain was used to induce allergic conjunctivitis in male BALB/C mice aged 6-8 weeks.This experiment was designed into preventive or therapeutical treatment program.Under both settings,allergic conjunctivitis of the animals were treated with CpG ODN,nonstimulatory GpC ODN or PBS.After the last challenge with the allergen,the clinical symptoms of the animals were scored based on the criteria of Magone.The animals were sacrificed and the histopathological examination of conjunctiva was performed.Expression of TLR4 mRNA in conjunctiva was analyzed by real-time PCR assay.The responsiveness and populations of lymphocytes in spleen and draining lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry.The use complied with the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results In the prevention mode.CpG ODN decreased subconjunctival infiltration compared with GpC ODN and PBS groups with the average neutrophil count index(21.25 ±11.59/section,30.75 ±11.44 section and 69.00±9.90/section,respectively).Expression of TLR4 mRNA was up-regulated significantly by CpG ODN.The clinical scores for CpG ODN group were insignificantly lower than those in GpC ODN group and PBS group(P＞0.05).In the therapeutic mode,compared with GpC ODN and PBS groups,the allergic symptom score in CpG ODN group manifested significantly lower(t=4.000.t=2.750,P＜0.01)and showed fewer cellular infiltration(t=4.870,t=3.829,P＜0.01)and higher expression of TLR4 mRNA(P＜0.01).In cultured splenic and draining lymph node cells,increased percentages of CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD25+ CD69+ in CpG ODN group were observed compared with control groups(|P＜0.05). Conclusion CpG ODN can relieve aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic conjunctivitis via either subconjunctival injection or topical application by upregulating expression of TLR4 and activating Treg lymphocytes.

Adult ; Elbow Joint ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; therapy ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Radius ; abnormalities ; Radius Fractures ; therapy ; Synostosis ; therapy ; Ulna ; abnormalities

BACKGROUND: The pathological changes of osteoarthritis are similar to that of kaschin-beck disease, but the cause of the latter is still unclear,damage is more serious. From the comparison of pathology changes between them, we hope to find out an effective therapeutic method with the assistance of arthroscope basing on the experiences in osteoarthritis.OBJECTIVE: To make comparison of the histomorphological changes between osteoarthritis and kaschin-beck disease with knee arthroscope,which give clues to the diagnosis and selection of operative technique for kaschin-bock disease under arthroscope.DESIGN: Case control study.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi People's Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five patients who needed arthroscope surgery due to severer knee osteoarthritis were randomly selected from Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi People's Hospital between April 1998 and September 2000; Meanwhile 31 patients with knee joint functional obstacle caused by kaschin-beck disease (epidemic disease area) were randomly selected from Luochuan Hospital of Shaanxi Province in November 2001.METHODS: Japanese made OLYMPUS series color television arthroscope and surgery system were used to carry out knee joint operations in all participants. During the operation, video recording, postoperative editing, photographs, comparison and analysis were conducted, in order to find out the pathological changes of the two groups in knee joint synovium, patella, femur, tibia and meniscus with the assistance of arthroscope.RESULTS: Totally 66 patients were enrolled in this study and all endamage in Kaschin-beck disease and osteoarthritis: Injuries were graded into grade 0, 1, 2 and 3, there were 0,3,5,23 cases and 0,3,16,16cases correspondingly in kaschin-beck disease group and osteoarthritis cartilage damage was presented by big piece of cartilage peeled off, part of them came off leading to bone exposure, the exposed bone surface is uneven; while cartilage damage in osteoarthritis was presented by the wear of cartilage, moreover cartilage island was found remained in the exposed bone with the surface covered with fiber strips and the exposed observed in 24 patients with Kaschin-beck disease, 5 cases with coarse stress point and 19 cases with burr-like damage, amongst which there were 9 cases displayed both medial and lateral meniscus damages; in osteoarthritis group there were 16 cases showed meniscus damages including edge wears in11 cases and breakage in 5 cases.CONCLUSION: Cartilage damage in knee articular was obviously severer in Kaschin-beck disease than in osteoarthritis, although kaschin-beck disease is no matter resulting in serious knee joint damage, but its pathology changes are different from osteoarthritis, we should pay more attention to the peculiarity of big piece of cartilage peeling off during operations.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins ; blood ; Cattle ; Colostrum ; Esterases ; blood ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Lipids ; blood ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Medical genetics is one of the important basic courses in medical education. The teaching reform in course content, teaching method and experimental teaching was carried out to arouse their enthusiasm in study, cultivate their capabilities of analyzing of medical practice problem.

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Objective:To establish a method for the determination of dexamethasone in Verdihong paints to ensure safety and ef-fectiveness of the clinical medicines. Methods:An HPLC method with a Dikma C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) was used, the mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (80∶20∶0. 5), the detection wavelength was at 240nm, the injec-tion volume was 20 μl, the column temperature was 30℃ and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . Results:The standard curve of dexa-methasone was linear over the range of 3. 0-96. 0μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery was 99. 45% with RSD of 1. 01%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple with good reproducibility, and can be used in the determination of dexamethasone in Verdihong paints.

Animals ; Chronic Pain ; Freund's Adjuvant/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Pelvic Pain/etiology* ; Prostatitis ; Rats