RNA fluorescence aptamers are RNA sequences that can specifically bind to non-toxic,cell permeable,and self-fluorescent target molecules and activate their luminescent properties.These aptamers provide powerful tools for biosensing and imaging researches due to their simple structure,easy synthesis,and easy transfection.This article summarized the characteristics and development history of various RNA fluorescent aptamers,including Malachite Green,Spinach,Broccoli,Mango,Corn,and Pepper family,as well as their corresponding fluorescent groups.The applications of RNA fluorescent aptamers were also reviewed from two aspects:extracellular detection and cell imaging.This review might provide guidance for labeling,detection and interactions of molecules from proof of concept and clinical assessment to practical clinical and biomedical applications.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor de-escalation and nicorandil therapy in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 300 elderly patients with ACS were selected from the Sixth and Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Rescue and First Aid Hospital from November 2016 to June 2019,including 153 males and 147 females,aged>65 years old.All the patients received PCI,and all had double antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)scores≥2 and a new DAPT(PRECISE-DAPT)score of≥25.All patients were divided into two groups by random number table method before operation:ticagrelor group(n=146,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,and ticagrelor 90 mg bid after surgery)and ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group(n=154,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,ticagrelor 90 mg bid+nicorandil 5 mg tid after surgery,changed to ticagrelor 60 mg bid+ nicorandil 5 mg tid 6 months later).Follow-up was 12 months.The composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke,the composite end points of mild hemorrhage,minor hemorrhage,other major hemorrhage and major fatal/life-threatening hemorrhage as defined by the PLATO study,and the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding within 12 months in the two groups were observed.Results The comparison of general baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke between the two groups(P>0.05).The cumulative incidence of bleeding events in ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group was significantly lower than that in ticagrelor group(P<0.05),while the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding were also significantly lower than those in tecagrelor group(P<0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with ACS,the treatment of ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil after PCI may not increase the incidence of ischemic events such as cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction or stroke,and it may reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic events.

Background: The incidence density of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and the effect of a healthy lifestyle on the risk of MAFLD remain unknown. We evaluated the prevalence and incidence density of MAFLD and investigated the association between healthy lifestyle and the risk of MAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 37,422 participants to explore the prevalence of MAFLD. A cohort analysis of 18,964 individuals was conducted to identify the incidence of MAFLD, as well as the association between healthy lifestyle and MAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustments for confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of MAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their comorbidities were 30.38%, 28.09%, and 26.13%, respectively. After approximately 70 thousand person-years of follow-up, the incidence densities of the three conditions were 61.03, 55.49, and 51.64 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle was associated with a 19% decreased risk of MAFLD (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.92), and the effects were modified by baseline age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger participants, men, and those with a lower BMI experienced more significant beneficial effects from healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Our results highlight the beneficial effect of adherence to a healthy lifestyle on the prevention of MAFLD. Health management for improving dietary intake, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits are critical to improving MAFLD.

Objective: To analyze the clinical and molecular diagnostic status of Fanconi anemia (FA) in China. Methods: The General situation, clinical manifestations and chromosome breakage test and genetic test results of 107 pediatric FA cases registered in the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group (CBMTRG) and the Chinese Children Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group (CCBMTRG) from August 2009 to January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Children with FANCA gene variants were divided into mild and severe groups based on the type of variant, and Wilcoxon-test was used to compare the phenotypic differences between groups. Results: Of the 176 registered FA patients, 69 (39.2%) cases were excluded due to lack of definitive genetic diagnosis results, and the remaining 107 children from 15 hospitals were included in the study, including 70 males and 37 females. The age at transplantation treatment were 6 (4, 9) years. The enrolled children were involved in 10 pathogenic genes, including 89 cases of FANCA gene, 7 cases of FANCG gene, 3 cases of FANCB gene, 2 cases of FANCE gene and 1 case each of FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCF, FANCJ, and FANCN gene. Compound heterozygous or homozygous of loss-of-function variants account for 69.2% (72/104). Loss-of-function variants account for 79.2% (141/178) in FANCA gene variants, and 20.8% (37/178) were large exon deletions. Fifty-five children (51.4%) had chromosome breakage test records, with a positive rate of 81.8% (45/55). There were 172 congenital malformations in 80 children.Café-au-Lait spots (16.3%, 28/172), thumb deformities (16.3%,28/172), polydactyly (13.9%, 24/172), and short stature (12.2%, 21/172) were the most common congenital malformations in Chinese children with FA. No significant difference was found in the number of congenital malformations between children with severe (50 cases) and mild FANCA variants (26 cases) (Z=-1.33, P=0.185). Conclusions: FANCA gene is the main pathogenic gene in children with FA, where the detection of its exon deletion should be strengthened clinically. There were no phenotypic differences among children with different types of FANCA variants. Chromosome break test is helpful to determine the pathogenicity of variants, but its accuracy needs to be improved.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Fanconi Anemia/genetics* ; Chromosome Breakage ; Retrospective Studies ; Exons ; China/epidemiology*

Objective: Compare and analyze the results of the domestic Lanyi AH600 glycated hemoglobin analyzer and other different detection systems to understand the comparability of the detection results of different detectors, and establish the best cut point of Lanyi AH600 determination of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: Multi center cohort study was adopted. The clinical laboratory departments of 18 medical institutions independently collected test samples from their respective hospitals from March to April 2022, and independently completed comparative analysis of the evaluated instrument (Lanyi AH600) and the reference instrument HbA1c. The reference instruments include four different brands of glycosylated hemoglobin meters, including Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong. Scatter plot was used to calculate the correlation between the results of different detection systems, and the regression equation was calculated. The consistency analysis between the results of different detection systems was evaluated by Bland Altman method. Consistency judgment principles: (1) When the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of the measurement difference was within 0.4% HbA1c and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was good; (2) When the measurement difference of 95% LoA exceeded 0.4% HbA1c, and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was relatively good; (3) The measurement score was less than 80 points, the comparison consistency was poor. The difference between the results of different detection systems was tested by paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test; The best cut-off point of diabetes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The correlation coefficient R² of results between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument in 16 hospitals is≥0.99; The Bland Altman consistency analysis showed that the difference of 95% LoA in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180) was -0.486%-0.325%, and the measurement score was 94.6 points (473/500); The difference of 95% LoA in the Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant II) was -0.727%-0.612%, and the measurement score was 89.8 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.231%-0.461%, and the measurement score was 96.6 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.469%-0.479%, and the measurement score was 91.9 points. The other 14 hospitals, Lanyi AH600, were compared with 4 reference instrument brands, the difference of 95% LoA was less than 0.4% HbA1c, and the scores were all greater than 95 points. The results of paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument Arkray HA8180 (Z=1.665,P=0.096), with no statistical difference. The mean difference between the measured values of the two instruments was 0.004%. The comparison data of Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument of all other institutions had significant differences (all P<0.001), however, it was necessary to consider whether it was within the clinical acceptable range in combination with the results of the Bland-Altman consistency analysis. The ROC curve of HbA1c detected by Lanyi AH600 in 985 patients with diabetes and 3 423 patients with non-diabetes was analyzed, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.877, the standard error was 0.007, and the 95% confidence interval 95%CI was (0.864, 0.891), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The maximum value of Youden index was 0.634, and the corresponding HbA1c cut point was 6.235%. The sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis were 76.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the hospitals and instruments currently included in this study, among these four hospitals included Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180), Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ), the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), and the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), the comparison between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instruments showed relatively good consistency, while the other 14 hospitals involved four different brands of reference instruments: Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong, Lanyi AH600 had good consistency with its comparison. The best cut point of the domestic Lanyi AH600 for detecting HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes is 6.235%.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ROC Curve

In 2016, a national one million general population cohort project was set up in China for the first time in "Precision Medicine Research" Key Project, National Key Research and Development Program of China, which consists of general population cohorts in seven areas in China. As one of the seven major areas in China, northeastern China has unique climate and specific dietary patterns, and population aging is serious in this area. And the burden of chronic and non-communicable diseases ranks tops in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a large general population cohort in northeastern China to explore the area specific exposure factors related to pathogenesis and prognosis of chronic and non-communicable diseases, develop new prevention strategies to reduce the burden of the diseases and improve the population health in northeastern China. In July 2018, the general population cohort study in northeastern China was launched, the study includes questionnaire survey, health examination and blood, urine and stool sample collection and detection in recruited participants. By now, the cohort has covered all age groups, and the baseline data of 115 414 persons have been collected. This paper summarizes the design and practice of the general population cohort study in northeastern China to provide reference for related research in China.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the clinical characteristics about sequence diagnosis and treatment of oral complications in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) through retrospective analysis, and to provide some guidance for clinical work. METHODS: Some SS patients who underwent oral sequence management in the Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2015 to September 2021 were enrolled. For the SS patients included in this study, a comprehensive oral examination was performed, including parotid region examination, oral mucosal exa-mination, dentition examination, dental examination, periodontal examination, unstimulated salivary flow rate, Candida infection and radiological imaging examination. According to the examination results, the patients were given fluoride application, antifungal treatment, root canal therapy, direct filling repair, and indirect repair treatment in sequence and the results recorded. RESULTS: A total of 9 patients with SS, with 4 primary SS patients (pSS) and 5 secondary SS patients (sSS) were enrolled in the study. For all the 9 patients, the average age was (49.2±16.2) years and the median xerostomia duration 5 years. The unstimulated salivary flow rate of the 9 patients was all less than 1 mL/10 min. Eight of the 9 cases was diagnosed as oral Candidiasis, with positive salivary Candida culture result (>200 cfu/mL), and 1 of the 9 cases was not. The average decay, missing, filling teeth (DMFT) was 24.8±4.2; the average decay, missing, filling tooth surfaces (DMFS) was 59.2±21.9, the average incisal caries was 2.5±1.3, and the average number of crown restorations at baseline was 4.5±3.6. All the 9 SS patients were applied with topical fluoride usage, and 8 were prescribed with antifungal treatment. One sSS patient was conducted with filling restoration treatment, one pSS patient was conducted with full mouth rehabilitation, and the remaining 7 patients were conducted with direct filling combined with fixed repair treatment. The average 3.2 full crown restorations in 6 patients had to be removed and restored because of secondary caries, and 3 of the 9 patients underwent implant denture restorations finally. CONCLUSION Management of oral complications in SS patients needs to be carried out in sequence. A comprehensive examination and diagnosis should be carried out first, followed by infection control, and then restoration of oral function at last.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Sjogren's Syndrome/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Antifungal Agents ; Xerostomia ; Fluorides

This study aimed to further explore the relevant mechanism of action by network pharmacology integrated with animal experimental verification based on previous proven effective treatment of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis(CSA) by Panlongqi Tablets. Bionetwork analysis was performed to establish drug-disease interaction network, and it was found that the key candidate targets of Panlongqi Tablets were enriched in multiple signaling pathways related to CSA pathological links, among which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)/serine-threonine kinase(AKT/PKB) signaling pathway was the most significant. Further, mixed modeling method was used to build the CSA rat model, and the rats were divided into normal, model, Panlongqi Tablets low-, medium-and high-dose(0.16, 0.32, 0.64 g·kg~(-1)) and Jingfukang Granules(positive drug, 1.35 g·kg~(-1)) groups. After successful modeling, the rats were administered for 8 consecutive weeks. Pathological changes of rat cervical muscle tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) and chemokine(C-C motif) ligand 2(CCL2) in rat serum and/or cervical tissues was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression levels of chemokine(C-C motif) receptor 2(CCR2), PI3 K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT), I-kappa-B-kinase beta(IKK-beta/IKKβ), nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB P65) and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB p-P65) in rat cervical tissues, and positive expression of p-NF-κB P65 in rat cervical muscle tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that Panlongqi Tablets at different doses improved the degree of muscle fibrosis and inflammation in cervical muscle tissues of CSA rats, and reduced the content of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, CCL2 and CCR2 in serum and/or cervical tissues. The protein expression levels of PI3 K, p-AKT, IKKβ and p-NF-κB P65 as well as the nuclear entry of p-NF-κB P65 in cervical tissues were down-regulated. These findings suggest that Panlongqi Tablets can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response of CSA rats, and the mechanism of action may be related to the down-regulation of the activation of PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; I-kappa B Kinase/pharmacology* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Network Pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Spondylosis/drug therapy* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics* ; Vertebral Artery/metabolism*

This study aimed to observe the intervention effect of Jianpi Huogu Formula(JPHGF) on the functional damage of vascular endothelial cells caused by glucocorticoid, and explore its action mechanism from the PI3 K/Akt and mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathways. The extracted thoracic aorta ring of normal SD rats were intervened first with vascularendothelial growth factor(VEGF, 20 μg·L-1) and/or sodium succinate(MPS, 0. 04 g·L-1) in vitro and then with JPHGF(8, 16, and 32 μg·L-1) for five mcontinuous ethylpdays, rednisolofollowed nebythe statistics of the number, length, and area of microvessels budding fromvascular rings. In addition, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by VEGF(20 μg·L-1) were added with MPS(0. 04 g·L-1) and then with JPHGF(8, 16, and 32 μg·L-1) for observing the migration, invasion, and luminal formation abilities of HUVECs in the migration, invasion and luminal formation experiments. The protein expression levels of PI3 K, p-Akt, p-JN K, and p-ERK in HUVECs were assayed by Western blot. The results showed that JPHGF dose-dependently improved the num-ber,length, and area of microvessels in MPS-induced rat thoracic aortic ring, reversed the migration, invasion and lumen formation abiliti es of HUVECs reduced by MPS, and up-regulated the protein expression levels of PI3 K, p-Akt, and p-JNK in HUVECs. All thesehave suggested that JPHGF exerts the protective effect against hormone-induced damage to the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells by activating the PI3 K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which has provided reference for exploring the mechanism of JPHGF in treating s teroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head(SANFH) and also the experimental evidence for enriching the scientific connotationof spleen-invigorating and blood-activating therapy.
Animals ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology* ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism*

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare but serious diseases. The treatment of refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is always challenging, especially in children. Three cases of refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy treated by rituximab were reported and discussed with the review of relevant literature. All were female with on-set age of 8 years and 6 months, 11 years and 7 months, 4 years and 2 months old, respectively. All had acute onset, presenting with progressive and severe muscle weakness. All lost ambulation within 1 or 2 months, with difficult swallowing and low voice. Respiratory distress occurred in case 2 after an attack of asphyxia due to an aspiration of sputum, and ventilator support was required for 1 month. Rashes were detected at the initial stage of the disease in cases 2 and 3. Patient 2 showed facial erythematous papules, spreading to her neck and hands. Patient 3 showed purplish eyelids with peri-orbital swelling, generalized edema involving all her limbs. Creatine kinase (CK) levels were markedly elevated in all the patients, ranging from 6 000 IU/L to 28 819 IU/L. Anti-SRP antibody was identified in cases 1, and anti-NXP2 antibodies were confirmed in cases 2 and 3. MRI of both thighs in all the patients showed profound muscle and fascial edema. Muscle pathology of patient 1 showed prominent fiber variation and endomysial fibrosis, with overexpression of MHC-Ⅰ. While muscle pathology in patients 2 and 3 showed scattered fiber necrosis, regeneration, endomysial edema without inflammatory cell infiltration. All the patients were diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and failed to the initial treatment including adequate glucocorticoids and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy. Other immunosuppressants (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide) were also tried in cases 2 and 3 with poor response. Then all the patients were treated with rituximab combined with glucocorticoids. Patient 1 regained normal strength and discontinued rituximab at the end of her last follow-up (2 years and 7 mouths). Though calcinosis developed during the follow-up period, significant improvement was noticed in cases 2 and 3 (both regained the ability to walk independently) at the end of their last follow-up after 2 years and 8 months, 3 years and 2 months respectively. Long-term rituximab therapy may improve the prognosis of refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, especially with positive anti-SRP and anti-NXP2 antibodies.
Child ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myositis/drug therapy* ; Rituximab