ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the interaction of polymorphisms of TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A and PPAR-γ2 gene-C34G with acute pancreatitis (AP)and its severity degree.Methods Totally 150 mild acute pancreatitis(MAP),150 moderately severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP)and 150 severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)cases were selected for this study,and 450 healthy persons as control group.The genetic polymorphisms of TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A and PPAR-γ2 gene-C34G were analyzed by the technique of PCR in peripheral blood leukocytes of above-mentioned cases and the results were verified by direct DNA sequencing method.Results The frequencies of -308G/A(GA),-308G/A(AA),-C34G(CG)and-C34G(GG)were 24.00%,26.67%,24.00% and 26.00% in MAP group,34.67%,36.67%,34.00% and 36.67% in MSAP group,42.00%,46.00%,43.33% and 46.00% in SAP group,and 14.44%,14.22%,12.89% and 14.67% in control group,respectively.Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies among each group (all P<0 .0 1 ).The risk of AP significantly increased in subjects with-308G/A(GA),genotype (ORMAP=2.677 6,ORMSAP=6.625 0,ORSAP=21.514 7),in those with-308G/A(AA)genotype (ORMAP=2.570 0,ORMSAP=6.401 8,ORSAP=18.903 4),in those with-C34G(CG) genotype (ORMAP=2.668 4,ORMSAP=6.776 9,ORSAP=22.207 2),and in those with-C34G(GG)genotype (ORMAP=2.633 8,ORMSAP=6.472 5,ORSAP=21.570 2).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of-308G/A(AA)/-C34G(GG)in MAP,MSAP,SAP and control groups was 7.33%,13.33%,20.67% and 2.00%,respectively,and statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequency among each group (all P<0.01).The people who carried-308G/A(AA)/-C34G(GG)had a high risk of AP (ORMAP=7.284 2,ORMSAP=41.296 1,ORSAP=363.973 6),and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between-308G/A(AA)and-C34G(GG)in increasing the risk of AP (γ2MAP=2.114 2,γ4MAP=2.080 0,γ2MSAP=2.108 7,γ4MSAP=2.050 6,γ2SAP=2.138 8,γ4SAP=2.000 1).Likewise,there were also positive interactions in the pathogenesis of AP between-308G/A(GA)and-C34G(GG),-308G/A(GA)and-C34G(CG),-308G/A(AA)and-C34G(CG)(All γ>1). Conclusion These carriers of-308G/A(GA),-308G/A(AA),-C34G(CG)and-C34G(GG)genotypes may have a high risk of developing AP,and significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms of-308G/A and-C34G add the risk of the occurrence and development of AP.

Berberine Alkaloids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Tachycardia ; drug therapy

Objective To analyze the usual death causes of cardiovascular disease and the differences in gender and age .Methods By adopting the retrospective study method ,the clinical data of death cases in cardiovascular disease were collected and analyze on the situation suffering from cardiovascular disease ,direct death causes ,gender and age difference .Results (1) among 181 cases of cardiovascular disease death ,coronary heart disease(115/181 ,64% ) and hypertension(96/181 ,53% ) were the most common dis-ease ,lung infection(104/181 ,57% ) was the most common complication ;(2)There was no significant difference in the situation suf-fering from basic diseases between male and female(P>0 .05);(3)The basic diseases in cardiovascular death cases aged over 60 years old were dominated by coronary heart disease and hypertension ;the proportion of complicating pulmonary infection was grad-ually increased with age increase ;(4) in the direct death causes ,the top 3 places were sudden cardiac death (44/181 ,24 .3% ) ,multi-ple organ dysfunction syndrome(24/181 ,13 .3% ) and cardiogenic shock(24/181 ,13 .3% ) .Conclusion Strengthening the manage-ment of diagnosis and treatment on elderly patients with coronary heart disease ,hypertension ,especially those complicating diabe-tes ,strengthening the treatment intervention of lung infection in cardiovascular disease population and conducting the emphasis pro-tection on the target organ function may reduce the mortality of cardiovascular inpatients .

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of improvement effects of exenatide on mitochondrial function of H9c2 cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition. METHODS:H9c2 cells were cultured in vitro and were divided into blank control group,drug control group(exenatide 200 nmol/L),model group(H/R),pretreatment group(exenatide 200 nmol/L+H/R),gluca-gon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) inhibitor [Exendin-(9-39) 100 nmol/L+exenatide 200 nmol/L+H/R], cAMP inhibitor (Rp-cAMPS 1 μmol/L+exenatide 200 nmol/L+H/R)group and PKA inhibitor(H-895 μmol/L+exenatide 200 nmol/L+H/R)group. Except for first 2 groups,H/R model was established in other groups,and they were given exenatide 30 min before modeling and relevant inhibitor 10 min before giving exenatide. Morphology of mitochondria was observed by TEM,and mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+m)and the mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm)were determined by flow cytometry. Cellular ATP content was measured by microplate reader. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, mitochondrial cristae swelling was enhanced in model group,while density decreased,showing vacuolization;Ca2+m level increased while ΔΨm and ATP decreased (P<0.05). Com-pared with model group,mitochondrial cristae swelling relieved in pretreatment group,while density increased,showing vacuoliza-tion relieved;Ca2+m level decreased,while ΔΨm and ATP increased(P<0.05). Compared with pretreatment group,the levels of Ca2+m increased in 3 kinds of inhibitors group,while ΔΨm and ATP decreased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Exenatide attenuates H9c2 cell mitochondria Ca2+m accumulation,increases ΔΨm and ATP production. Which indicate its mechanism may be associated with activating GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA pathway.

Objective To explore extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK1/2 ) expression in the role of curcumin inhibited staurosporine (STS)-mediated neurons toxic injury through added PD098059, and to clarify ERK1/2 mediated inhibitory role of curcumin on STS-induced neurons toxic injury.Methods The neurons toxic injury model of primary cultured hippocampal neurons was established by STS.The experiment was divided into six groups:normal control group, STS model group, PD098059 +STS model group, curcumin +STS pretreatment group, curcumin+PD098059+STS treatment group and curcumin treatment group.The cell viability were determined by MTT method, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate, cell toxicity were detected, nuclear shape were observed by DAPI staining, and ERK1/2 expression were detected by Western blot method.Results The cell viability of curcumin +STS pretreatment group was significantly higher than STS model group ( P <0.001 ); the cell viability had no significant difference between PD098059 +STS model group and curcumin +PD098059 +STS treatment group;compared with curcumin +STS model group , the cell viability of curcumin +PD098059 +STS treatment group was significantly decreased ( P<0.001 ).LDH results showed that the nerve cell toxicity of curcumin +STS pretreatment group was obviously less than STS model group (P<0.001).The cell nuclear shape showed typical apoptosis morphological characteristics in STS model group, and curcumin inhibited the effect of STS mediated-neuronal apoptosis.ERK1/2 protein expression in curcumin +STS pretreatment group significantly increased compared with STS model group ( P <0.001 ) .Conclusion Curcumin inhibited STS-mediated neurons toxicity injury by up-regulating ERK1/2 expression.After PD098059 blocking the nerve cells ERK1/2 synthesis, the inhibitory action of curcumin failed to implemented, which illustrated that ERK1/2 mediated curcumin to inhibit STS-induced neuronal toxic injury.

Reference materials containing mixed degradation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin were developed after optimization of preparation processes. The target impurities were obtained by controlled stress testing, and each major component was identified with HPLC-MS and compared with single traceable reference standard each. The developed reference materials were applied to system suitability test for verifying HPLC system performed in accordance with set forth in China Pharmacopeia and identification of major impurities in samples based on retention and spectra information, which have advantages over the methods put forth in foreign pharmacopoeias. The development and application of the reference materials offer an effective way for rapid identification of impurities in chromatograms, and provide references for analyzing source of impurities and evaluation of drug quality.
Amoxicillin ; chemistry ; Ampicillin ; chemistry ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reference Standards

SUMMARY Mercury intoxication is a rare cause of severe hypertension. A case of mercury intoxication presented with severe hypertension and erythromelalgia was reported. A 10-year-and-5-month-old girl presented with recurrent rash and painful hands for 2 months, with seizure attack and episodic loss of consciousness for one hand half months. The girl was found to have red painful hands, a blood pressure 170/120 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), tachycardia and hypokalemia (2.83-3.25 mmol/L, reference value 3.5-5.5 mmol/L). An extensive investigation ensued. Elevated renin-angiotensin and aldosterone were demonstrated in plasma. Cranial MRI T2 weighed images showed widespread white matter signal abnormalities, which particularly involved parietal, occipital and frontal lobes. With hypertension controlled, white matter signal abnormalities weakened. Other symptoms included insomnia, nausea and paroxysmal abdominal pain. The girl was found to have a raised concentration of mercury in urine (0.171 mg/L, reference value

ABSTRACT:Objective To a rare case of double primary cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma with gallbladder)to guide clinical application.Methods and Results We reported one case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and gallbladder.A male patient,54 years old,had main complaints of intermittent right upper quadrant pain for 4 days. The abdominal CT of the local county hospital showed gallstones,gallbladder with liver infiltration.And then he went to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University for further treatment.Laboratory examination revealed:HBsAg(+),HBcAb(+),alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)> 60 500 ng/mL,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 5.25 ng/mL.Abdominal CT showed hilar slightly stronger light echo groups:liver cancer or gallbladder cancer? Hepatic artery and portal vein CT imaging (CTA+CTV)examination showed the malignant tumor shadow in the inside of the left hepatic lobe huge,uneven thickening of the gallbladder wall,suspected liver disease with gallbladder infringement or gallbladder disease with liver infringement. With the preoperative preliminary consideration of primary liver cancer with infiltration of the gallbladder,we chose the operation as the resection of segment Ⅳ b and Ⅴ of the liver,cholecystectomy and T tube drainage.Pathological examination postoperative showed the bulky liver carcinoma grade Ⅲ and the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of gallbladder.A month later,abdominal CT showed the tumor spread intrahepatic,prompting the poor prognosis.Conclusion The two which are not continuous,which is the standard of double primary cancer,are not suitable for all double primary cancers.This case provides useful experience for future similar diagnosis and treatment of disease,and also helps us with timely and accurate identification of “metastatic”or “primary”,which is the key point for clinicians to give patients an effective treatment.

Objective To analyze the influence of age on the diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF) with amino terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ,and to explore the best cut‐off value of NT‐proBNP in the diagnosis of AHF .Methods Totally 457 inpatients suspected with AHF obtained a blood NT‐proBNP measurement within 24 hours when in charged ,including 194 patients with AHF .Patients were divided into three groups according to their age :≤50 years ,>50-70 years and >70 years . The relationship between NT‐proBNPand AHF was analyzed .The diagnostic value of NT‐proBNP was evaluated for AHF in differ‐ent age groups .Results The median NT‐proBNP levels of AHF in all age groups were significantly higher than those without (P<0 .01) .AUC of NT‐proBNP for AHF in ≤50 years ,>50-70 years and >70 years groups were 0 .95 ,0 .91 ,0 .88 ,the best diagnos‐tic cut‐off points were 1 100 ,1 800 ,3 000 pg/mL ,respectively .The diagnostic specificity was 88% ,76% and 73% ,respectively .O‐verall ,the specificity of NT‐proBNP cut‐off values for age group was higher than non‐age groups .Conclusion NT‐proBNP has a good value in the diagnosis of AHF in patients with different ages .According to the age group ,the different NT‐proBNP cut‐off values can be used to improve the specificity of diagnosis .

This study aims to explore the clinical value of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for early detection of the pulmonary nodules on digital chest X-ray. A total of 100 cases of digital chest radiographs with pulmonary nodules of 5-20 mm diameter were selected from Pictures Archiving and Communication System (PACS) database in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled into trial group, and other 200 chest radiographs without pulmonary nodules as control group. All cases were confirmed by CT examination. Firstly, these cases were diagnosed by 5 different-seniority doctors without CAD, and after three months, these cases were re-diagnosed by the 5 doctors with CAD. Subsequently, the diagnostic results were analyzed by using SPSS statistical methods. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pulmonary nodules tended to be improved by using the CAD system, especially for specificity, but there was no significant difference before and after using CAD system.
China ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thorax